• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.457-460
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• 2000

Injection molding is the most widely used process for the industrial forming of plastic articles. During an injection molding process of composites, the fiber-matrix separation and fiber orientation are caused by the flow of molten polymer/fiber mixture. As a result, the product tends to be nonhomogeneous and anisotropic. Hence, it is very important to clarify the relations between separation·orientation and infection molding conditions. So far, there is no research on the measurement of fiber orientation using image processing. In this study, the effects of fiber content ratio and molding condition on the fiber orientation-angle distributions are studied experimentally. Using the image processing method, the fiber orientation distribution of welding parts in injection-molded products is assessed. And the effects of fiber content and injection mold shapes on the fiber orientation in case of fiber reinforced polymeric composites are studied. experimentally.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.257-265
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• 2017

In this work, the effect of field-degradation of automotive polymeric interior parts on the squeak characteristics was studied for a number of used vehicles with various mileages and years of service. The purpose of this study was to characterize the squeak noise related with long-term degradation in service life. The characteristics of field-degraded polymeric samples are analyzed using Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Complicated carbonyl spectra from FT-IR were deconvoluted into various carbonyls to trace field-degradation phenomenon. In addition, various mechanical tests, i.e. tensile test, hardness test as well as coefficient of friction test, were performed to analyze the variation in mechanical properties due to field-degradation. Squeak noise was measured and analyzed by frequency analysis. It was shown that the changes in the chemical structures of polymer due to field-degradation influenced the variation in mechanical properties, and squeak noise may worsen by increasing the squeak noise level in the wide frequency range. The results indicated that customer complaints regarding the squeak noise coming from used vehicles might be one of the important reliability issues because the increase in sound pressure level especially in the high frequency range could annoy drivers and passengers.

• 공업화학
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.549-555
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• 2005

치아수복용 고분자 복합체(polymeric dental restorative composite, PDRC)의 전치부 및 구치부에의 응용 가능성을 높이고자 PDRC를 구성하는 실리카 충진재를 다양한 온도에서 열처리시켜 제조하고 제조된 PDRC의 기계적 물성을 압축강도와 간접인장강도 등을 분석하여 고찰하였다. 실험 결과, 열처리 온도가 상승함에 따라 실리카 입자 크기와 비표면적은 감소하였음을 확인하였으며 열처리시킨 실리카 충진재를 PDRC 제조에 사용한 결과, 열처리시키지 않은 실리카를 사용한 경우보다도 압축강도가 20%, 간접인장강도는 약 30% 정도 향상됨을 확인하였다. 또한 열처리 온도가 높아질 경우 실리카의 응집화로 인해 제조된 PDRC의 기계적 물성이 전반적으로 떨어지는 경향을 나타내었으며 $600^{\circ}C$ 정도에서 열처리된 실리카를 사용하여 제조한 PDRC의 경우가 강도 면에서 보다 더 우수하였다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.224-228
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 폴리머 마이크로링 공진기 기반의 고감도 집적광학형 온도센서를 제안하고 구현하였다. 이 센서는 열광학효과로 인한 공진기 소자의 공진파장의 이동으로부터 주변 온도 변화를 측정한다. 열팽창계수가 작은 실리콘 기판 위에 열광학계수가 큰 폴리머를 도입하여 공진기 센서를 제작함으로써 센서의 감도를 향상시켰다. 상온 부근 $20^{\circ}C{\sim}30^{\circ}C$의 범위에서 얻어진 온도센서의 감도는 약 -165 ${\pm}/^{\circ}C$였고, 온도분해능은 $0.1^{\circ}C$이하였다. 그리고 제작된 온도센서의 동작 특성은 표면에 놓여진 분석대상물의 굴절률 변화에 거의 영향을 받지 않음을 확인하였다. 따라서 제작된 센서는 다른 광센서에 집적되어 주변 온도 변화로 인하여 유발되는 오차를 효과적으로 보정할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.74-83
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• 1998

The phenomenon of decrease in sizing efficiency when the stock temperature is increased is well recognized as summer sizing, and this is believed to be caused by uneven distribution of sizing agents on paper surface most often incurred by coagulation of sizing agents. When unevenly sized paper is used as coating base stock, nonuniform consolidation of the coating layer may result, which, in turn, causes uneven distribution of binder on coating surface. This causes nonuniform ink absorption to produce print mottle. In this study the effects of simple or polymeric electrolytes, storage temperature and time on the coagulation of cationic dispersed rosin size were investigated using a turbidity measurement method which was verified to correlate well with the particle size of rosin emulsion or its coagulates. Handsheets sized with rosin dispersions coagulated under various conditions were prepared and their sizing degree and coated paper properties including gloss and ink density were examined. The relationship between the sizing nonuniformity of coated papers and its ink absorption property was evaluated. Turbidity of rosin emulsion increased as the storage temperature and time were increased. Addition of simple or polymeric electrolytes caused reduction in $zeta$ -potential of the rosin dispersion and accelerated the coagulation tendency substantially. Reversion of the $zeta$ -potential of rosin dispersion, however, did not occur when coagulation was induced with simple electrolytes. On the other hand, addition of an anionic polyelectrolyte reversed the $zeta$ -potential of the flocculated rosin dispersion. This indicated that electrical double layer compaction and bridging flocculation were coagulation mechanisms for simple and polymeric electrolytes, respectively. Sizing degree decreased as coagulation of rosin was increased. Paper gloss, ink gloss and ink density were increased when sizing degree of base stock was increased most probably due to prevention of base paper swelling and increased binder migration to coating surface. This suggested that uneven printing ink density occurred when uneven sizing development was induced by coagulation of rosin particles.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.291-296
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• 2022

The green body of WC-Co cemented carbides containing polymeric binders such as paraffin, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polyvinyl acetate (PVA) are prepared. The green density of the WC-Co cemented carbides increases with the addition of binders, with the exception of PVA, which is known to be a polar polymeric substance. The green strength of the WC-Co cemented carbides improves with the addition of paraffin and a mixture of PEG400 and PEG4000. In contrast, the green strength of the WC-Co does not increase when PEG400 and PEG4000 is added individually. The compressive strength of the green body increases to 14 MPa, and the machinability of the green body improves when more than 4-6 wt% paraffin and a mixture of PEG400 and PEG4000 is used. Simultaneously, the sintered density of WC-Co is as high as 99% relative density, similar to a low binder addition of 1-2 wt%.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2009년도 제33회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.11-14
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• 2009

젤(gel) 추진제는 고체 및 액체 추진 시스템의 장점 중 높은 비추력, 저장성, 추력 제어, 비독성, 누설 방지와 같은 특성으로 고성능 추진 시스템에 활용되어 지능형 전략 미사일 또는 발사체의 부스터 및 여러 추진 시스템에 사용될 수 있다. 젤 모사 추진제는 물, Carbopol 941, NaOH 농축액을 혼합하여 제작되었으며, 물과 젤 모사 추진제를 충돌형 인젝터에서 분사시켜 분무 특성을 고찰하였다. 젤 모사 추진제의 충돌 분무에 의해 나타난 긴 액막(liquid sheet)은 강한 상호 분자력에 관련한 중합(polymeric)효과를 나타낸다. 물 분사와 비교했을 때 젤 모사 추진제의 미립화 억제와 난류 천이 지연에 관련된 높은 점도로 인하여 저조한 미립화 특성과 좁은 범위의 분무각을 나타내었다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

High loading of printing and writing grades with fillers has many advantageous aspects in papermaking because it allows decreasing fiber use and reducing manufacturing cost. High loading technology, however, has some disadvantageous aspects as well. It decreases physical properties of papers, especially strength properties. The problem associated with high loading can be reduced by applying surface sizing starch solution onto paper surface. It is important to control the penetration of the surface sizing starch solution into paper web to obtain the desired property improvement. In this study, the effect of the addition of two polymers into starch solution on paper properties has been examined. PVOH and polyDADMAC were used as polymeric additives for surface sizing with oxidized starch. Viscosity of starch solutions and surface roughness of dried starch films on glass slides showed that some interactions between polymeric additives and oxidized starch have been occurred and the most extensive interaction with starch solution was obtained with high molecular weight polyDADMAC. Low molecular weight PVOH was most effective in improving folding endurance and internal bond strength. On the other hand, polymer addition showed no effect on surface strength of paper. This indicates that not the level of starch holdout but the bonding strength of starch itself has predominant influence on surface strength of paper.

• 멤브레인
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2018

고분자 분리막의 분자동역학 연구에서는 구성 원자 개수가 많고 투과 거동 계산시 긴 시간을 필요로 하기 때문에 적절한 고분자 주쇄의 길이를 선택하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 고분자 주쇄 길이와 투과 거동 간의 상관관계가 실제 분자동역학에서 어떻게 나타나는지 조사를 하고자 하였다. 널리 알려진 상용 고분자 Kapton(R) 폴리이미드 구조를 이용하여 분자동역학을 수행하였고 기체 투과 거동을 분석하였다. 고분자 주쇄의 움직임은 그 길이와 큰 연관성이 없었으며, 일반적인 인식과 달리 짧은 주쇄 길이를 갖고 있다고 해서 더 활발하게 움직이는 것은 아니라는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 고분자 주쇄의 말단기는 상대적으로 움직이기 쉬울 것이라는 예상과 달리, 말단에 위치하지 않은 경우라도 말단기에 위치한 원자보다 더 높은 움직임을 보이는 경우도 많았다. 최종적으로 기체 분자의 투과 성능에서도 고분자 주쇄의 길이 및 말단기에 따른 영향은 관찰되지 않았다. 이는 기체 투과 전산모사에서 많이 언급되는 말단기 효과를 실제 전산모사에 적용할 경우, 각각의 모델 특성에 따라 제한적으로 적용을 하고 이에 대한 검증 과정을 반드시 수행하여야 한다는 것을 의미한다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.460-464
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• 2000

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are believed to play a role in the binding and formation of microbial flocs. However, the precise role is not well known. Sludge settling characteristics and the carbohydrate to protein ratio in EPS were tested with various airflow rates in this study. Sludge was collected from three modified sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), which were operated at 16$\^{C}$ with an airflow rate of 0.8L/min, 3L/min and 6L/min, respectively. During the operation, the reactor operated at an airflow rate of 0.8L/min showed sludge volume index (SVI) of 80 to 90ml/g and a constant ratio of carbohydrate to protein in the EPS, while a significant increase in the SVI was seen in the other reactors. Sludge bulking increased the amount of carbohydrate in the EPS, while kept protein almost constant in the airflow rate of 3L/min ad 6L/min. Surface charge also increased with increases in the carbohydrate to protein ratio in the EPS, which weakens the attraction between the EPS and multivalent cations. The ratio of carbohydrate to protein in the EPS was tween the EPS and multivalent cations. The ratio of carbohydrate to protein in the EPS was inferred to be essential for bioflocculation.