• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.213-213
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• 1999

현재 LCD용 기판재료는 ITO/glass를 전극으로 사용하고 있다. 그러나 유리기판은 무겁고 깨지기 쉽기 때문에 사용상 곤란한 점이 많다. 최근 flexible하고 가공성 및 생산성이 우수한 플라스틱한 ITO를 성막하여 EL용, Touch panel, plastic LCD용 사용하려는 시도로, roll-to-roll 연속 스퍼터링에 의한 ITO성막공정에 대한 연구가 최근 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 폴리머는 유리에 비해 Tg 온도가 낮고, 기판으로부터의 수분 및 여러 종류의 가스방출이 심하기 때문에 유리와는 달리 ITO막의 제조에 있어 큰 차이점이 있다. 따라서, 폴리머에 반응성 스퍼터링을 하기 위해서는 표면처리가 중요한 변수가 되며, roll to roll sputter로 ITO 필름을 얻기 위해서는 폭과 길이 방향으로 균일한 막을 얻는 것이 중요하다. 두께 75$\mu\textrm{m}$, 폭 190mm, 길이 400m로 권취된 광학용 Polyethylene terephthalate(PET:Tg:8$0^{\circ}C$)위에 In-10%Sn의 합금타겟과 Unipolar pulsed DC power supply를 사용하여 반응성 마그네트론 스퍼터링 방법으로 0.2m/min의 속도로 연속 스퍼터링 하였다. PET를 Ar/O2 혼합가스로 플라즈마 전처리를 한 후, AFM, XPS를 이용하여 효과를 분석을 하였고, 성막전에 가스방출을 막기 위해 TiO를 코팅하였다. Pilot 연속 생산공정에서 재현성을 위해 PEM(Plasma Emission Monitor)의 optical emission spectroscopy를 이용, 금속과 산화물의 천이구역에서 sprtter된 I/Sn 이온과 산소 이온의 반응에 의한 최적의 플라즈마의 강도값을 입력하여 플라즈마의 radiation을 검출하고, 스퍼터링 공정중 실질적인 in-situ 정보로 이용하였다. PEM을 통하여 In/Sn의 플라즈마 강도변화를 조사하였다. 초기 In/Sn의 플라즈마 강도(intensity)는 강도를 100하여, 산소를 주입한 결과, plasma intensity가 35 줄어들었고, 이때 우수한 ITO 박막을 얻을 수 있었다. Pulsed DC power를 사용하여 아크 현상을 방지하였다. PET 상에 coating 된 ITO 박막의 표면저항과 광투과도는 4-point prove와 spectrophotometer를 이용하여 분석하였고, AES로 박막의 두께에 따른 성분비를 확인하였다. ITO 박막의 광투과도는 산소의 유량과 sputter 된 In/Sn ion의 plasma emission peak에 따라 72%-92%까지 변화하였으며, 저항은 37$\Omega$/$\square$ 이상을 나타내었다. 박막의 Sn/In atomic ratio는 0.12, O/In의 비율은 In2O3의 화학양론적 비율인 1.5보다 작은 1.3을 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.12 no.2 s.27
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• pp.225-235
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• 1988

The effects of surface free energy of substrates on the soiling and on the detergency of the oily soil were studied. The surface tension consisted of dispersion force and polar force components of substrate, oily soil and surfactant solutions were calculated by extended Fowkes' equation. From these values, work of adhesion($W_a$), work of detergency($W_D$), ana residual work of detergency($W_{D,R}$) were calculated. The correlations between these theoretical values of the works and detergency were discussed. MAA grafted PET film was used as substrate, triolein as oily soil and nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether(NPE) having various mole numbers of oxyethylene adducts and dodecylbenzene sulfonate (DBS) as surfactants. Detergency was estimated by means of radioactive tracer method using $C^{14}-triolein$. The results showed that $W_a$ was decreased with the increase of surface free energy of substrate. In water, $W_D\;and\;W_{D,R}$ were decreased and detergency of tiolein was increased with the increase of surface free energy of substrate. In surfactant solutions, the lower the surface free energy of substrate and the lower oxyethylene adducts of NPE were the more effective on detergency. The detergency of DBS solution was the lowest in the case of ungrafted PET film, but even small increase in surface free energy by grafting showed much increase in detergency.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.13-18
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• 2016

Humidifiers are used to control indoor humidity. Element-type humidifiers have the advantages of simple structure and low energy consumption, and Japanese products have been widely used for the humidifying elements. In this study, a new humidifying element made of cellulose and PET was developed, and the performance was compared with that of a Japanese element. The mass transfer rates and pressure drops were measured for an element installed at the entrance of a suction-type wind tunnel. The humidification efficiency of the new element was 2 to 4% greater and the pressure drop was 23 to 32% smaller compared to the Japanese element. The mass transfer effectiveness ($j_m/f$) of the new element is also 5 to 28% higher. However, the water absorption capacity was smaller than that of the Japanese element, meaning further development is needed.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.128-136
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• 2023

Recently, the automobile industry is developing as the demand for automo- biles increases due to industrial development and population growth. In addition, many studies are being conducted to reduce heat loss inside the automobiles in order to save energy inside the automobiles due to environmental regulations. In this study, alumina, nanosilicon, and aerogel, which are adiabatic materials, were filled in PET to manufacture yarn, identify physical and mechanical properties, and weave into fabric to confirm adiabatic performance. As the content of the adiabatic material increased, the tensile strength of the fibers filled with alumina and nanosilicon decreased greatly, and the adiabatic property slightly increased. The tensile strength of fibers filled with the aerogel decreased slightly, but the adiabatic properties were greatly increased. Therefore, it is considered to be due to the large volume fraction in the PET yarn due to the low density of the aerogel.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.30-39
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• 2016

An experimental study was performed to investigate flexural performance and bond characteristics of RC beams strengthened using ductile polyethylene terephthalate(PET) with low elastic modulus. Bond tests were planned and completed following CSA S806. Test variables were fiber type and fiber amount. Also, total of 8 RC beams was tested. Major test variables of the beam tests included section ductility(${\mu}=3.4$, 7.0), fiber type(CF, GF, PET) and amount of fiber strengthening. Moment-curvature analyses of the beam sections were also performed. In bond tests, the bond stress distribution as well as the maximum bond stress increased with increasing amount of PET. In case of 10 layers of PET, the effective bond length was 60 mm with the maximum and the average bond stress of 2.33 and 2.10 MPa, respectively. RC beam test results revealed that the moment capacity of the RC beams strengthened using PET 10 and 20 layers increased over the control beam with little reduction in ductility by fiber strengthening. All beams strengthened using PET resulted in ductile flexural failure without any sign of fiber debonding or fiber rupture. It was important to include the mechanical properties of adhesive in the moment-curvature analysis of PET-strengthened beam sections.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.289-298
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• 2016

An experimental research was performed using fibers for the purpose of retrofitting existing reinforced concrete circular columns. Glass fiber (GF) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were used as well as combined GF+PET (HF). PET has high tensile strength (over 600 MPa) and high ductility (about 15%), but has very low elastic modulus (about 1/6 of GF). A total of four columns was tested against laterally applied reverse cyclic load: control column, GF-, PET-, and HF-strengthened columns. All columns retrofitted using fibers demonstrated improved moment capacity and ductility. Moment capacity of GF-, PET-, and HF-strengthened columns was 120%, 107%, and 120% of the control column, respectively. Drift ratio of all retrofitted columns also increased by 63 ~ 83% over the control column. The final failure mode of the control column was main bar buckling. The final failure mode of the GF- and HF-strengthened columns was GF rupture while that of the PET-strengthened column was main bar rupture in tension. No damage was observed for PET at the ultimate stage due to excellent strain capacity intrinsic to PET. Current test results indicate that PET can be effectively used for seismic retrofit of RC columns. It is noted that the durability characteristics of PET needs to be investigated in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.347.2-347.2
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• 2016

Recently, in order to improve the performance of the colloidal quantum dot solar cells (CQDSCs), various efforts such as the modification of the cell architecture and surface treatment for quantum dot (QD) passivation have been made. Especially, the incorporation of halides into the QD matrix was reported to improve the performances significantly via passivating QD trap states that lower the life-time of the minority-carrier. In this work, we fabricated a lead sulfide (PbS) QD bilayer treated with different ligands and utilized it as a photoactive layer of the CQDSCs. The bottom and top PbS layer was treated using metal iodide ($MI_x$ and butanedithiol (BuDT), respectively. All the depositions and ligand treatments were carried out in air using layer-by-layer spin-coating process. The fabrication of the active layers as well as the n-type zinc oxide (ZnO) layer was successfully carried out on the bendable indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, which implies that this technique can be applied to the fabrication of flexible and/or wearable solar cells. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the CQDSCs with the architecture of $PET/ITO/ZnO/PbS-MI_x/PbS-BuDT/MoO_x/Ag$ reached 4.2 %, which is significantly larger than that of the cells with single QD (PbS-BuDT) layer.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.632-638
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• 2014

We investigated the effects of DMAB (Borane dimethylamine complex, C2H10BN) in electroless Ni-B film with addition of DMAB as reducing agent for electroless Ni plating. The electroless Ni-B films were formed by electroless plating of near neutral pH (pH 6.5 and pH 7) at $50^{\circ}C$. The electroless plated Ni-B films were coated on screen printed Ag pattern/PET (polyethylene terephthalate). According to the increase of DMAB (from 0 to 1 mole), the deposition rate and the grain size of electroless Ni-B film increased and the boron (B) content also increased. In crystallinity of electroless Ni-B films, an amorphization reaction was enhanced in the formation of Ni-B film with an increasing content of DMAB; the Ni-B film with < 1 B at.% had a weak fcc structure with a nano crystalline size, and the Ni-B films with > 5 B at.% had an amorphous structure. In addition, the Ni-B film was selectively grown on the printed Ag paste layer without damage to the PET surface. From this result, we concluded that formation of electroless Ni-B film is possible by a neutral process (~green process) at a low temperature of $50^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.653-658
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• 2014

Roll-to-Roll printing process has become a great issue as a breakthrough for low cost and mass production of electronic devices such as organic thin film transistor, and etc. To print the electronic devices, multi-layer printing is essential, and high precision register control is required for this process. Unlike stop-and-repeat printing process, it is impossible to control the register in a static state since the roll-to-roll process is a continuous system. Therefore, the behavior of web such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyimide (PI) by the tensile and thermal stress generated in the roll-to-roll process as well as motor control of driven rolls has to be considered for a high precision register control. In this study, the correlation between curing temperature and thermal deformation of PET web is analyzed. Finally, it is verified experimentally that the temperature disturbance generates the more serious register error under the higher curing temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.381-381
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• 2013

유기물/무기물 나노복합체를 사용한 비휘발성 메모리 소자는 낮은 공정 가격 및 높은 유연성 때문에 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나 나노복합체를 사용한 비휘발성 메모리 소자의 형성 및 전기적 특성에 대한 연구는 많지만, 나노 입자가 포함된 고분자층을 이용한 플렉서블 유기 메모리 소자의 전기적 특성 및 동작 메커니즘에 대한 연구는 미미하다. 이 연구에서는 나노입자와 고분자가 혼합된 나노복합체를 유연성 있는 indium-tin-oxide (ITO)가 코팅된 polyethylene terephthalate (PET) 기판 위에 형성하여 비휘발성 메모리 소자를 제작하여 유연성 있는 기판이 휘어짐에 따른 전기적 특성과 기억 메커니즘을 설명하였다. 나노입자가 포함된 고분자층은 스핀코팅 방법을 이용하여 쉽게 형성한 후, 그 위에 금속 마스크를 사용하여 상부 Al 전극을 형성하였다. Al/나노입자가 포함된 고분자층/ITO/PET 메모리 소자의 전류-전압 (I-v) 특성에서 낮은 전도도와 높은 전도도를 갖고 있는 쌍안정성 동작을 관측할 수 있었다. 같은 조건에서 나노입자가 포함되지 않은 메모리 소자를 제작하여 측정한 I-V 특성은 쌍안정성 동작이 일어나지 않은 것을 관측하였다. 실험적 결과를 바탕으로 나노입자가 쌍안정성을 일으키는 메모리 저장 물질임을 확인할 수 있었다. 유연성 있는 기판의 휘어짐에 따른 I-V 특성과 스트레스에 의한 전도도 상태 유지 능력 측정을 수행하여 기판 휘어짐에 따른 전기적 특성과 안정성이 변화되는 것을 관측하였다. 측정된 I-V와 스트레스에 의한 전도도 상태 유지 능력 측정 결과를 기반으로 기억 메커니즘과 기판의 휘어짐에 따른 안정성을 설명하였다.