• 한국양식학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.240-244
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• 2003

양식산 넙치를 대상으로 아치사 만성농도의 PCBs가 자어기의 원시생식소와 신장의 발달에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 원시생식소 발달 과정은 4단계; 원시생식세포(primodial germ cell, PGC) 단계, 생식융기 (genital ridge type, GRT) 단계, 원시생식소 I형(primitive gonad type I, PGT I) 단계 및 원시생식소 II형(primitive gonad type II, PGT II) 단계로 구분할 수 있었다. 시원생식세포는 부화 후 3일에 발견되었고, 원시 생식소는 대조구에서 부화 후 24일에 나타나며 처리구에서는 부화 후 22일에 나타났다. 신장 발달과정은 4단계; 단일관형 중신관(unitubular type of mesonephric duct, UTMD) 단계, 분지형 중신관(the branched mesonephric duct, BMD) 단계, 세뇨관 형성(convoluted tubule formation CTF) 단계 및 사구체 출현(glomerulus appearance, GA) 단계로 구분할 수 있었으며, 신장의 구조적 완성시기는 대조구와 처리구 모두 부화 후 25∼30일로 나타났다. 하지만 원시 생식소와 신장 모두 대조구와 처리구에서 유의한 차를 보이지 않았다 (P>0.05). 그러므로, 넙치 자어기의 원시 생식소와 신장의 발달에 따른 PCBs(3.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L)의 영향은 없었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.829-838
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• 2005

In order to investigate the residual amounts of organochlorines and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Korean human tissues (blood, adipose tissue, liver, kidney cortex, and lung), the samples were collected from the autopsied cadavers of 40 men and 40 women (from teens to seventies of age). ${\alpha}-BHC,\;{\beta}-BHC,\;{\gamma}-BHC,\;{\delta}-BHC$, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, endrin, dieldein, aldrin, and 7 marker PCBs (28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180) were determined in human tissues. The levels of organochlorines and PCB congeners indicated that they have been widely distributed in Korean human body. Positive correlations in terms of age were observed for the following cases: p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, ${\Sigma}-DDT$, PCB 118, PCB 138, PCB 153, and ${\Sigma}-PCB$ in the adipose tissue, and p,p'-DDE in the lung. Concentration of these compounds showed a significant age-related increase. Accumulation of these compounds in aged people revealed that these compounds were more slowly eliminated in our environment and risk assessment was necessary for further proper action. Significant differences in the levels of PCBs between genders were found for PCB 118 in the adipose tissue and PCB 138 in the liver. Positive correlation coefficients between tissues were detected with p,p'-DDE and ${\beta}-BHC$.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2000

PCBs [Polychlorinated biphenyls] are halogenated aromatic compounds with the empirical formula C12H10-nCln(n=1~10), and are a mixture of possible 209 different chlorinated congeners. PCBs were widely used as dielectric fluids for capacitors, transformers, plasticizers, lubricant inks, and paint additives. once released into the environment, PCBs persist for years because they are so resistant to degradation. In addition to their high degree of lipophilicity. In 1970s, the worldwide production of PCBs seem to be still in use. The environmental load of PCBs was prohibited since 1983 in Korea. In spite of these actions, many PCBs seem to be still in use. The environmental load of PCBs will continue to be recycled through air, land, water, and the biosphere for decades to come. This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of PCBs I the serum samples of 112 women by GC/MSD(Hewlett Packard 5897 Gas Chromatography-Mass Chromatography Detector) and CG/ECD(Hewlett Packard 5890 series-II gas chromatography-Electron capture detector, U.S.A). The main results of this study were as follows; The mean and standard deviation of serum PCBs were 3.613, 0.759 ppb, respectively and median of it was 3.828 ppb. The correlation coefficients of the concentrations of 13 PCB congeners ranged from 0.7913 to 0..9985 and were significantly correlated between each items(p=0.0001). The PCB concentrations were positively associated with age(simple linear regression; R2=0.86, =0.08023, p<0.001) and with total lipids in serums(simple linear regression; R=0.7058, =0.00486, p<0.001). The age adjusted model (Y=$\beta$0+$\beta$1age+$\beta$2X) was applied for possible predictors of PCBs levels in serum. For BMI(Body Mass Index), major residential area, and fish, meat, and dairy consumption, there was no association with PCBs levels, Also there was negative association for the number of pregnancy and lactation period with PCBs levels.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2019

Among the environmental chemicals that may be able to disrupt the endocrine systems of animals and humans are polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a chemical class of considerable concern. PCB consists of two six-carbon rings linked by a single carbon bond, and theoretically, 209 congeners can form, depending on the number of chlorines and their location on the biphenyl rings. Furthermore, 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) exposure also increases nitric oxide production and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells binding activity in chondrocytes, thus contributing as an initiator of chondrocyte apoptosis and resulting in thymic atrophy and immunosuppression. This study identified whether cardiac and immune abnormalities from PCB126 were caused by the Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 channels. PCB126 did not affect either the steady-state current or peak current of the Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 channels. However, PCB126 right-shifted the steady-state activation curves of human Kv1.3 channels. These results suggest that PCBs can affect the heart in a way that does not block voltage-dependent potassium channels including Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 directly.

• 분석과학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.174-182
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 PCBs 함유 폐기물의 적정관리방안을 마련하기 위하여 우리나라의 폐기물공정시험방법에서 제시하고 있는 액상폐기물 중 PCBs 분석방법을 토대로 시간 및 비용을 효과적으로 보다 신속하게 분석하는 방법을 제시하고자, 추출 및 전처리방법, 칼럼정제방법, 분석용 칼럼 조건, 기기분석 조건 및 정량방법을 개발하였다. 분석방법을 검토한 결과 분석시간을 폐기물공정시험방법의 분석시간의 2/3정도로 단축시켰고, 검출한계는 0.5 mg/L이었다. 또한, 제안된 신속분석방법을 PCBs 함유 절연유에 적용하였을 경우 규제기준(2.0 mg/L) 부근인 2.35 mg/L에서 과소평가되는 경향이 나타났으며, 이 시험법을 사용하였을 때 PCBs 함유 폐기물의 부적정하게 평가되는 것을 막기 위해 적용 농도범위를 소수첫째자리에서 반올림하여 최소자리수를 일의자리 즉 1 mg/L 이하인 경우(0.5~1.4 mg/L)로 제한하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 나타났다.

• 분석과학
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.91-108
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• 2007

토양 중 PCBs 분석방법을 검토하기 위해 우리나라 토양오염공정시험방법 및 선진국의 분석방법을 비교 검토하고 결과를 근거로, 추출 및 전처리방법, 칼럼정제방법, 분석용 칼럼 조건, 기기분석 조건 및 정량방법을 검토하였다. 또한 검토된 방법에 따라 토양 중 PCBs 세부분석지침(안)을 제시하고, 제시된 세부분석지침(안)에 의해 PCBs 제품으로 오염시킨 토양 5건 시료와 토지이용도별 및 오염원별 23건의 시료를 전처리하여 분석하였다. 기체크로마토그래피/전자포획검출법(GC/ECD)에 의한 토지이용도별 및 오염원별 PCBs 분석결과는 모든 시료에서 피크패턴(GC/ECD)을 확인 할 수 없었으나, 기체크로마토그래피/질량분석법(GC/MS)에 의한 개별이성체 정량결과는 $0.002{\sim}0.487{\mu}g/kg$ 범위로 검출되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.323-333
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• 2024

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were once used throughout various industries; however, because of their persistence in the environment, exposure remains a global threat to the environment and human health. The Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 channels have been implicated in the immunotoxicity and cardiotoxicity of PCBs, respectively. We determined whether 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB77), a dioxin-like PCB, alters human Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 currents using the Xenopus oocyte expression system. Exposure to 10 nM PCB77 for 15 min enhanced the Kv1.3 current by approximately 30.6%, whereas PCB77 did not affect the Kv1.5 current at concentrations up to 10 nM. This increase in the Kv1.3 current was associated with slower activation and inactivation kinetics as well as right-shifting of the steady-state activation curve. Pretreatment with PCB77 significantly suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10 production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Raw264.7 macrophages. Overall, these data suggest that acute exposure to trace concentrations of PCB77 impairs immune function, possibly by enhancing Kv1.3 currents.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.810-820
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• 2012

용호부두 인근의 해저퇴적물과 4종의 식용어류인 넙치, 우럭, 쥐치, 밑달갱이체내의 폴리염화비페닐(polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs)및 유기염소계 농약(organochlorine pesticides or OCPs)의 오염수준과 공간적 분포현황을 규명하였고, 이를 토대로 지역주민의 어류섭취에 따른 PCBs 및 OCPs의 인체 노출을 파악하여 이로 인한 인체 건강에 미치는 위해성평가를 수행하였다. 용호부두 인근해역의 퇴적물에 존재하는 42종의 ${\Sigma}PCBs$의 농도는 3.22~197.65 ng/g dw였다. ${\Sigma}DDTs$의 농도는1.77~20.27 ng/g dw이었다. 그리고 HCHs, endosulfan sulfate 등이 각각 1.42~6.08, 0.56~13.89 ng/g dw수준이었다. 용호부두 인근해역의 퇴적물의 유기염소계 화합물함량의 미국 해양대기청(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA)의 기준 중 악영향 기대수준인 PEL과 비교결과 0.1 ${\leq}$ mPELQ ${\leq}$ 0.5로 중간 정도의 오염도에 해당한다. 용호부두 인근해역에서 채취된 넙치, 우럭, 쥐치, 밑달갱이 근육 조직내의 PCBs의 평균함량은 67.37, 10.20, 48.26, 22.81 ng/g lw이었다. 모든 어류시료에서 ${\Sigma}DDTs$와 ${\Sigma}HCHs$의 농도범위는 각각 4.53~82.10, 2.94~22.98 ng/g이었으며, 다른 OCPs들도 모든 시료에서 미량으로 검출되었다. 용호부두 해역에서 채취된 넙치, 우럭, 쥐치, 밑달갱이의 섭취로 인한 PCBs 및 OCPs 오염도에 대한 정량적인 발암 및 비발암 위해 도는 US EPA 기준으로 보면 단기 및 장기적 인체 위해도 모두 무시할 만한 것으로 판단된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.172-180
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• 2002

Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) are large scale industrial chemicals which are using in diverse applications. The goal of this study was to determine if exposure to 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 52) leads to an increase in the production of active oxidants, and subsequently promotes apoptosis of neuronal SK-N-MC cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was examined in SK-N-MC cells after treatment of PCB 52 by concentrations and incubation times, respectively. It showed that the rate of ROS production in the cells was increased in a does-dependent manner to 45 min, followed by a return towards control levels after 120 min treatment. We also examined the association of PCB-induced apoptosis with the modulation of biomakers of oxidative damage to lipids (malondialdehyde [MDA]) in SK-N-MC cells. Increased MDA was observed in a dose-dependent manner in groups treated with 10, 15, and 20 figJ me of PCB 52 for 24 h. After treatment of PCB 52, the cells did not show any significant change in the rate of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) activity. Whereas, the cells had a two-fold greater rate of change in catalase activity at 20 ㎍/㎖ of PCB 52 for 24 h when compared to control group. Korean Ginseng is one of the most important crude drugs which has been used as a traditional Oriental medicine. We next investigated protective effect of extracts of ginseng on cytotoxicity induced by PCB 52 in SK-N-MC cells. Pretreatment of SK-N-MC cells with 25-200 μg/ml of ginseng were reduced cell death in a dose-dependent manner in PCB 52-treated cells. To examine the sensitivity of beta-catenin to ginseng, the protective effect of a range of ginseng concentrations was examined in SK-N-MC cells treated with PCB 52. The result demonstrated that ginseng efficiently blocked PCB 52 inducible beta-catenin proteolysis in a concentration dependent manner. The ROS formation was also measured in the presences of extract of ginseng and superoxide dismutase (inhibitor of oxygen free radical production). The both SOD (400 U/ml) and ginseng (200 μg/ml) significantly inhibited RDS generation in PCB 52-treated group.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.674-679
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• 2002

The toxicity and bioaccumulation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) continues to be a focus of research in human and various species. The main human exposure is via the dietary route. This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of Cornu Cervi Parvum extract on clinical parameters and hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rat (SD rat) accutely exposured to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Male SD rats received single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of TCDD (40 ㎍/kg), and administered 10 or 20 mg/kg/day of the ethanol extract oral injection for 4 weeks from 1 week before TCDD treatment. The gain in body weight was less in group treated with TCDD than in CON group, while that of C/H+ TCDD group (Cornu Cervi Parvum extract 20 mg/kg/day) increased. The decrease in spleen and testis weight caused by TCDD was prevented by Cornu Cervi Parvum extract 20 mg/kg/day. The fluctuation in BUN content, WBC and platelet count by TCDD intoxication were significantly attenuated by the ethanol extract treatment (20 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks). Treatments of rats with the extract (10 or 20 mg/kg/day) were significantly reduced AST and ALT levels compared with TCDD-treated group. Moderate swelling of hepatocytes, hyperchromatism, acidophilic cytoplasm and cytoplasmic vacuolation were observed in TCDD-treated animals (TCDD group). The administration of EtOH extract 10 or 20 mg/kg along with TCDD significantly alleviated the liver histopathological alteration induced by TCDD. These results suggest that Cornu Cervi Parvum extract can be useful as a protective agent against TCDD, an endocrine disruptor.