• Title/Summary/Keyword: Poly vinyl chloride (PVC)

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Miscibility and Mechanical Properties of Polycaprolactone-polyamide Block Copolymer/Poly(vinyl chloride) Blend (Polycaprolactone-폴리아미드 블록공중합체/Poly(vinyl chloride) 블렌드의 상용성과 기계적 성질)

  • 안소봉;이하용;정한모
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.128-132
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    • 2000
  • The miscibility between poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and polycaprolactone (PCL)-polyamide block copolymer whose content of PCL block is 62.7 wt%, was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The PCL segment in the block copolymer and PVC has the miscibility showing single glass transition temperature (T$_{g}$). The miscible PVC molecule inhibited the crystallization of PCL segment, making an amorphous homogeneous phase of PCL and PVC segments at high PVC content. The blends had rubber elasticity at the temperature range between the T$_{g}$ of amorphous homogeneous phase of PCL and PVC segments and the melting temperature of polyamide segment, when both phases coexist.ist.

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Monte Carlo Simulation of the Molecular Properties of Poly(vinyl chloride) and Poly(vinyl alcohol) Melts

  • Moon, Sung-Doo;Kang, Young-Soo;Lee, Dong-J.
    • Macromolecular Research
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.491-497
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    • 2007
  • NPT Monte Carlo simulations were performed to calculate the molecular properties of syndiotactic poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and syndiotactic poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) melts using the configurational bias Monte Carlo move, concerted rotation, reptation, and volume fluctuation. The density, mean square backbone end-to-end distance, mean square radius of gyration, fractional free-volume distribution, distribution of torsional angles, small molecule solubility constant, and radial distribution function of PVC at 0.1 MPa and above the glass transition temperature were calculated/measured, and those of PVA were calculated. The calculated results were compared with the corresponding experimental data and discussed. The calculated densities of PVC and PVA were smaller than the experimental values, probably due to the very low molecular weight of the model polymer used in the simulation. The fractional free-volume distribution and radial distribution function for PVC and PVA were nearly independent of temperature.

A Study on Solution Blend of Poly(vinyl chloride) with Poly(VC-co-AN) (폴리염화비닐(PVC)/염화비닐-아크릴로니트릴 공중합체의 용액 블렌드에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Soo;Oh, Gang-Seok;Kim, Seung-Ryung;Oh, Young-Se
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.26 no.5
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    • pp.559-567
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    • 2002
  • Poly (vinyl chloride) was blended with blended with vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymers (MO-01 : M$\sub$w/=199049, AN=22.79%, MO-02 : M$\sub$w/=238523, AN=47.03%, MO-03 : M$\sub$w/=289496, AN=52.49%, MO-04 : M$\sub$w/=341837, AN=58.68% by mixing dimethylformamide (DMF) solution of each polymer and their morphology, viscosity, viscoelastic and mechanical properties were studied. Blends of PVC and MO-01 showed a homogeneous morphology. On the contrary, the other copolymer blends showed a large phase separation with spherical domains. Miscibility of blends of PVC and MO-01 was shown to be better than that of blends of other copolymers from morphological and viscoelastic studies. Even though blends of PVC and MO-01 were observed to be the considerable compatibility at a composition of PVC/MO-01=90/10, the mechanical properties of blend films were not improved too much in most blend cases.

Effects of Zeolites on Thermal Stability of Poly(vinyl chloride) (폴리염화비닐(PVC)의 열안정성에 제올라이트가 미치는 영향)

  • Xu, Jiayou;Liang, Qinghua;Xian, Xiumei;Li, Kaidan;Liu, Jie
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 2015
  • The effects of zeolite on the thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) were investigated by the static thermal stability test, pyrolysis experiment and ultraviolet spectrum. The results showed that the porous zeolite could absorb hydrogen chloride (HCl), which suppressed the catalysis of HCl on thermal degradation of PVC, thus improved the thermal stability of PVC. The oxidizing acid which was loaded on zeolite had oxidated on the double bond that formed during the dehydrochlorination of PVC. This process could prohibit the growth of the conjugated polyene and improved the color of PVC. Hence, zeolite might be possible to come up with a high performance thermal stabilizer.

A Case Study on the Release Characteristic and Removal Efficiency of Vinyl Chloride in the Poly Vinyl Chloride Extrusion Process (PVC압출공정의 염화비닐 발생특성과 작업환경개선에 관한 사례연구)

  • Park, Dong Uk
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.91-98
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    • 1993
  • This study was carried out to investigate characteristic of vinyl chloride emissioned from poly vinyl chloride extrusion process and to evaluate the efficiency of local exhaust ventilation system. Before local ventilation facility was constructed in poly vinyl chloride extrusion process, the average worker exposure to vinyl chloride was 3.15 ppm, which exceeded Threshold Limit Value of American Conference of Gorvernmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH-TLV), 1 ppm. lt is possible that vinyl chloride residues in the poly vinyl chloride resin was released or degased due to extrusion heat. The larger the width of vinyl tube become, the higher worker exposure to vinyl chloride was. It is estimated that vinyl chloride from vinyl chloride resin increased as amount of poly vinyl chloride resin extruded in the extrusion process increased. Canopy hood was an appropriate type for poly vinyl chloride resin extrusion process. This local exhaust ventilation has fan static pressure of 7.65 inch wg($190mmH_2O$, total volumetric flowlate of 4,796 CFM ($135.8m^3$/min) and fan power requirement of 12 hp (8.952 Kw). After this local exhaust ventilation was constructed there, the average concentration of worker exposure to vinyl chloride was reduced to be 0.46 ppm, which was below the Threshold Limit Value, 1 ppm. Also, the removal efficiency rate of vinyl chloride attained by local exhaust ventilation was 85.3%. It was a statistically significant (p<0.01).

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Thermal Decomposition Products of Phthalates with Poly(vinyl chloride) and Their Mutagenicity

  • Katsuhiko Saido;Hiroyuki Taguchi;Satoru Yada;Ryu, In-Jae;Chung, Seon-Yong
    • Macromolecular Research
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.178-182
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    • 2003
  • The thermal decomposition of phthalate alone and with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere in a 4-necked separable flask. The thermal decomposition of phthalate in the presence of PVC began at 150$^{\circ}$, about 10$0^{\circ}C$ lower than the decomposition of phthalate alone. The formation of octyl chloride indicated an interaction reaction between phthalate and PVC. From the analysis of the composition of commercially plasticized PVC sheet (film and board), the phthalates (dibutyl phthalate, dihexyl phthalate) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate), 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, phthalic anhydride, and 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen phthalate were identified. The mutage-nicities of these decomposition products were higher than those of phthalic diesters (phthalates).

Comparative Studies on Ammonium Ion Selective Electrodes Using Poly(Vinyl Chloride) and Polyurethane as Substrate Matrix Materials (Poly(Vinyl Chloride)와 Polyurethane을 지지체로 사용한 암모늄이온 선택성 전극의 특성비교)

  • Cho Chang-Ae;Park Su-Moon
    • Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.148-154
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    • 2004
  • Ammonium ion selective electrodes have been prepared using nonactin as an ionophore and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) or polyurethane(PU) as a polymer matrix with or without a plasticizer, bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, and their performances have been evaluated. The reults indicate that PU-based electrodes can be designed to perform better although PVC-based electrodes generally show better performances. In efforts to explain the obervation, we also carried out atomic force microscopy as well as impedance studies, and the results suggests that islands of ion-ophores are formed in the PVC membranes through which ion transfers appear to be more facile than through the PU membranes. The PU membranes appear to have ionophores better dispersed throughout the film and are more resistive to ion mobilities in comparison to PVC films.

Preparation of Proton Conducting Anhydrous Membranes Using Poly(vinyl chloride) Comb-like Copolymer (Poly(vinyl chloride) 빗살형 공중합체를 이용한 무가습 수소이온 전도성 전해질막의 제조)

  • Kim, Jong-Hak;Koh, Joo-Hwan;Seo, Jin-Ah;Ahn, Sung-Hoon;Zeng, Xiaolei
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.89-95
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    • 2009
  • A comb-like copolymer consisting of a poly(vinyl chloride) backbone and poly(hydroxy ethyl acrylate) side chains, i.e. PVC-g-PHEA, was synthesized through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). This comb-like copolymer was crosslinked with 4,5-imidazole dicarboxylic acid (IDA) via the esterification of the -OH groups of PHEA in the graft copolymer and the -COOH groups of IDA. Upon doping with phosphoric acid (PA, $H_3PO_4$) to form imidazole-PA complexes, the proton conductivity of the membranes continuously increased with increasing PA content. A maximum proton conductivity of 0.011 S/cm was achieved at $100^{\circ}C$ under anhydrous conditions. The PVC-g-PHEA/IDA/PA complex membranes exhibited good mechanical properties, i.e. 575 MPa of Young's modulus, as determined by a universal testing machine (UTM). Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that the membranes were thermally stable up to $200^{\circ}C$.

Gas Permeation Properties of Polymeric Membranes for Biosensor Prepared from Poly(vinyl chloride) Derivatives (Poly(vinyl chloride) 유도체로부터 제조된 바이오센서용 고분자막의 기체 투과특성)

  • Lim, Chun-Won;Kim, Wan-Young;Lee, Youn-Sik;Yoon, Jeong-Won;Jeong, Yong-Seob
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.362-366
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    • 1999
  • Membranes for biosensor were prepared from poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)l derivatives using the solution casting method, and their gas permeabilities were studied. The polymer membranes dried slowly in air showed higher permeability coefficients than those dried in vacuum. The permeabilily coefficients of carboxylated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) membranes for $O_2$ and $CO_2$ decreased as the pressure of the feed gas increased. The addition of dioctylphthalate (DOP) enhanced the permeation rates for $O_2$ and $CO_2$. For example, the permeability coefficients of CPVC membranes containing 30 wt. % DOP for $O_2$ and $CO_2$ at 100 psig were 2.03 and 0.96 Barrer, respectively, which were about 4~5 times higher than those of the membranes without DOP. Poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate-co-vinyl alcohol) (Syn-PVCAcAl) obtained by hydrolysis of poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate (PVCA) showed a higher permeability coefficient for $CO_2$ in the presence of DOP than that for commercial PVCAcAl, but did not show any significant difference in permeability for $O_2$.

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Preparation of Porous TiO2 Thin Films by Poly(vinyl chloride)-graft-poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) and Their Applications to Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

  • Yeon, Seung-Hyeon;Patel, Rajkumar;Koh, Jong-Kwan;Ahn, Sung-Hoon;Kim, Jong-Hak
    • Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.83-91
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    • 2011
  • Mesoporous titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) thin films were prepared using poly(vinyl chloride)-graft-poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVC-g-PVP) as a templating agent via sol-gel process. Grafting of PVC chains from PVC backbone was done by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique. The successful grafting of PVP to synthesize PVC-g-PVP was checked by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The carbonyl group interaction of PVC-g-PVP graft copolymer with $TiO_2$ was confirmed by FT-IR. The porous morphologies of the $TiO_2$ films genereated after calcination at $450^{\circ}C$ was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mesoporous $TiO_2$ films with 580 nm in thickness were used as a photoelectrode for solid state dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and showed an energy conversion efficiency of 1.05% at 100 $mW/cm^2$.