• 물과 미래
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.167-178
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• 1996

하천 및 호소수 수질의 온라인 계측을 위한 수질자동측정망의 설계에서 측정위치와 항목의 선정은 전체시스템의 성능을 결정짓는 중요한 인자이다. 본 논문에서는 상수원유역의 상시수질감시 및 사전경보 기능을 갖는 측정망의 구축이 측정위치와 항목을 결정하는 방법을 연구하였다. 측정위치를 결정하기 위한 선정기준은 상수취수량과 고정오염원의 위치를 바탕으로 대상지역에 대한 거시적 후보지점을 선정한 뒤, 구체적인 지점은 오염물질 유하거리를 기준으로 단계적으로 결정한다. 측정항목은 유역의 오염특성과 수질오염사고 이력을 참고하되, 경제적인 측면을 고려하여 필수측정항목과 선택항목으로 나누어 위치별로 달리하는 방안을 제시하였다. 제안방법을 낙동강유역에 적용함으로써 측정망 구성과정을 예시하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.418-419
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• 2007

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2012

This study is to assess the reduction of nonpoint source pollution by applying Best Management Practice (BMP) in Chungju-dam watershed (6,585.1 $km^2$) using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The model was calibrated using 3 years (1998-2000) daily streamflow at 3 locations and monthly water quality of sediment (SS), total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorus (T-P) data at 2 locations and validated for another 3 years (2001-2003) data. The 5 BMPs of streambank stabilization, porous gully plugs, recharge structures, terrace, and contour farming were applied to stream and area with the specific criteria of previous researches. Through the parameter sensitivity analysis, the farming practice P-factor and Manning's roughness of stream were sensitive. Overall, the NPS reduction effect was high for streambank stabilization, terrace, and contour farming. At the watershed outlet, the SS, T-P, and T-N were reduced by 64.4 %, 62.8 % and 17.6 % respectively.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.79-85
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• 1996

Simultaneous monitoring in many locations is necessary to evaluate the air quality and analyze future trend of a city, For this purpose, it is essential to install air pollution monitoring network. The first automatic air pollution monitoring network was introduced Seoul in 1973. As of 1995, 20 monitoring stations are now in operation. Concerning the management of the air pollution monitoring network, there was some argument among the relavant scholars, non-governmental organization(NGO) and the government organization. So far, there was no extensive evaluation and analysis about the network. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the representativeness of air quality monitoring network through actual measurement of the concentration of the air pollutant. The concentration of NOx was extensively measured widely in Seoul area three times using the TEA simple measuring technique. Even the judgement level for the area representativeness was lowered to 80%, Ssangmun-dong monitoring station tend to overestimate the pollutant concentration of the covered area. While, Sinlimdong monitoring station tend to underestimate the pollutant concentration of the covered area.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2021

Recently interest for air pollution is gradually increasing. However, according to the environmental assessment of air quality, the level of air pollution in the nation is quite serious, and air pollutants measuring facilities are also not enough. In this paper, a secure air pollutants sensor system based low power wireless communication is designed and implemented. The proposed system is composed of three parts: air pollutants measuring sensors module, LoRa-based data transmission module, and monitoring module. In the air pollutants measuring module, the MSP430 board with six big air pollutants measuring sensors are used. The air pollutants sensing data is transmitted to the control server in the monitoring system using LoRa transmission module. The received sensing data is stored in the database of the monitoring system, and visualized in real-time on the map of the sensor locations. The implemented air pollutant sensor system can be used for measuring the level of air quality conveniently in our daily lives.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.118-129
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• 2016

미세먼지($PM_{10}$)의 건강영향에 대한 많은 연구들은 정부의 대기오염 측정자료를 이용해서 악영향을 보고했다. 정부 대기오염 측정자료가 제한된 수의 측정소에서 생산되는 반면, 사망률이나 유병률과 같은 정부생산 건강결과 자료는 지역별로 집계되어 공개된다. 따라서 정부에서 생산하는 건강통계자료를 이용해서 건강영향을 분석하기 위해서는, $PM_{10}$ 농도의 지역적인 대푯값을 산출할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 서울특별시를 대상으로 이전 연구에서 개발된 점 사상에 대한 $PM_{10}$ 농도 예측 모형을 이용하여 구별 대푯값을 산정하였다. 이를 위해, 세 가지 종류의 위치들을 대상으로 지점들을 생성한 후, 그 지점들에 예측한 $PM_{10}$ 농도의 구별 평균으로 구별 대푯값을 구했다. 세 가지 위치는 16,230개 집계구 내 가장 넓은 주거지역의 중심점, 424개 동 주민센터, 610개 1km 격자의 중심점이었다. 위치별 구별 대푯값들을 비교하기 위하여 측정치와의 관련성 및 추정치 간 관련성을 탐색하였다. 측정치와의 비교 결과, 측정치와 세 가지 구별 대푯값 추정치들 간의 관련성은 위치의 인구 대표성이 높아짐에 따라 향상되었고($R^2=0.06-0.59$), 상호비교에서는 격자 중심점을 이용한 추정치가 다른 추정치들과의 관련성이 상대적으로 낮았다(0.35-0.47). 본 연구는 $PM_{10}$의 지역별 평균 농도를 추정함으로써 향후 정부 통계에 기반한 전국 규모의 지역 단위 건강영향분석 연구에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.245-245
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• 2017

Heavy metal pollution of agricultural soils affects land productivity and has impact on the quality of surrounding ecosystem. Soil microbial community parameters are used as reliable indices for assessing quality of agricultural lands under metal stress. This study investigated bacterial community structure of polluted and undisturbed paddy soils to elucidate soil factors that are related to alteration of bacterial communities under conditions of metal pollution. No obvious differences in the richness or diversity of bacterial communities were observed between samples from polluted and control areas. The bacterial communities of three locations were distinct from one another, and each location possessed distinctive set of bacterial phylotypes. The abundances of several phyla and genera differed significantly between study locations. Variation of bacterial community was mostly related to soil general properties at phylum level while at finer taxonomic levels concentrations of arsenic and lead were significant factors. According to results of bacterial community functional prediction, the soil bacterial communities of metal polluted locations were characterized by more abundant DNA replication and repair, translation, transcription and nucleotide metabolism pathway enzymes while amino acid and lipid metabolism as well as xenobiotic biodegradation potential was reduced.Our results suggest that the soil microbial communities had adapted to the elevated metal concentrations in the polluted soils as evidenced by changes in relative abundances of particular groups of microorganisms at different taxonomic resolution levels, and by altered functional potential of the microbial communities.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.17-29
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• 2018

For the first time in the city of Riyadh, the formation of $O_3$ and its relationship with NO and $NO_2$ ($NO_x$) was investigated. Throughout the summer $O_3$, NO, and $NO_2$ were collected from three locations: residential, industrial, and rural areas. During the sampling period $O_3$ concentrations exceeded 1-hour local standards a few times yet remained consistent with the standards most of the time. The $O_3$ concentrations were observed highest in the rural location and lowest in the industrial area. The diurnal variation of NO followed a double peak: one in the morning and the other in the evening, representing the traffic pattern. Early morning NO peaks were observed in the rural location, which were attributed to the movement of NO from other locations. The $O_3$ concentrations depicted typical pattern, increasing after sunrise and reaching its maximum during midday. The highest $O_3$ concentrations were observed in the rural location followed by the residential and industrial. $NO_2$ photolysis rates were 3-4 times higher compared to other similar investigations, potentially due to intense solar radiation. A strong negative correlation was observed between $NO_x$ and $O_3$ values in the industrial location indicating photochemical activities around the industrial area were higher, likely due to additional $NO_x$ emissions from industries. Regression analysis of $NO_x$ and OX ($O_3+NO_2$) indicated that in residential and industrial locations at nighttime there were large $NO_x$ independent regional contributions which is attributed to VOCs. The Weekend Effect was observed in the city potentially due to the production of the OH radical and subsequent reactions with VOCs implying that the area is VOC-sensitive.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제30권
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• pp.10.1-10.14
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• 2015

Recent cohort studies have relied on exposure prediction models to estimate individual-level air pollution concentrations because individual air pollution measurements are not available for cohort locations. For such prediction models, geographic variables related to pollution sources are important inputs. We demonstrated the computation process of geographic variables mostly recorded in 2010 at regulatory air pollution monitoring sites in South Korea. On the basis of previous studies, we finalized a list of 313 geographic variables related to air pollution sources in eight categories including traffic, demographic characteristics, land use, transportation facilities, physical geography, emissions, vegetation, and altitude. We then obtained data from different sources such as the Statistics Geographic Information Service and Korean Transport Database. After integrating all available data to a single database by matching coordinate systems and converting non-spatial data to spatial data, we computed geographic variables at 294 regulatory monitoring sites in South Korea. The data integration and variable computation were performed by using ArcGIS version 10.2 (ESRI Inc., Redlands, CA, USA). For traffic, we computed the distances to the nearest roads and the sums of road lengths within different sizes of circular buffers. In addition, we calculated the numbers of residents, households, housing buildings, companies, and employees within the buffers. The percentages of areas for different types of land use compared to total areas were calculated within the buffers. For transportation facilities and physical geography, we computed the distances to the closest public transportation depots and the boundary lines. The vegetation index and altitude were estimated at a given location by using satellite data. The summary statistics of geographic variables in Seoul across monitoring sites showed different patterns between urban background and urban roadside sites. This study provided practical knowledge on the computation process of geographic variables in South Korea, which will improve air pollution prediction models and contribute to subsequent health analyses.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.443-447
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• 2000

Chonan and Asan city have been a focal point due to rapid development as the first station for Express Railroad and key cities West Coast Development Region. Gokgyo stream adjacent to the cities plays an important role as a drainage channel for an agriculture and a discharger of urban storm water. Waster quality of the stream has been deteriorating caused by pollution sources such as a untreated wastewater discharge and runoff from the watershed. In the study, we conducted 4 surveys in April, May, July, and September to understand the current state of water quality for the stream and to make it possibe to predict future water-quality variation for future development. The system runs on a personal computer under the windows enviroment and provides extensive graphic user interface(GUI) for user-friendly assessment. Using the pull-down menus provided by the GUI panel, the user is able to operate the system by pointing and clicking the icon to identify the state of water-quality at locations concerned. Furthermore, we developed an integrated watershed management system. The constructed system could be a useful tool as a decesion maker for pollution source control strategy.