• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.265-274
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• 2003

The Pasquill-Gifford stability category is a very important scheme of the Gaussian type dispersion model defined the complex turbulence state of the atmosphere by A grade(very unstable) to F grade(very stable). But there has been made a point out that this stability category might decrease the predictability of the model because it was each covers a broad range of stability conditions, and that they were very site specific. The APSM (Air Pollution Simulation Model) was composed of the turbulent parameters, i.e. friction velocity(${\mu}$$\_$*/), convective velocity scale($\omega$$\_$*/) and Monin-Obukhov length scale(Ｌ) for the purpose of the performance increasing on the case of the unstable atmospheric conditions. And the PDF (Probability Density Function)model was used to express the vertical dispersion characteristics and the profile method was used to calculate the turbulent characteristics. And the performance assessment was validated between APSM and EPA regulatory models(TEM, ISCST), tracer experiment results. There were very good performance results simulated by APSM than that of TEM, ISCST in the short distance (<1415 m) from the source, but increase the simulation error(%) to stand off the source in others. And there were differences in comparison with the lateral dispersion coefficient($\sigma$$\_$y/) which was represent the horizontal dispersion characteristics of a air pollutant in the atmosphere. So the different calculation method of $\sigma$$\_$y/ which was extrapolated from a different tracer experiment data might decrease the simulation performance capability. In conclusion, the air pollution simulation model showed a good capability of predict the air pollution which was composed of the turbulent parameters compared with the results of TEM and ISCST for the unstable atmospheric conditions.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.52-60
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• 2004

In order to analysis of the water pollution of the Anyang stream(one of the biggest branch streams of the Han River) and its main tributaries, the geological and topographical and rainfall features in its basin were investigated. To do this, the water samples were collected 23 points of the upper, mid and down of Anyang stream and its tributaries and were analyzed based on the chemical methods, Korean Biotic Index(KBI) and Saprobien systems. The Anyang stream basin has a characteristic of topographical torrential heavy rainfall like a typical rainfall feature in Korea. The concentration and the outflow rate of rainfall is very different in seasonal, and water pollution in dry season is especially severe. After 1997, although the water quality status of stream has been improved gradually, the concentration of T-N and SS at the upstream is increased due to the deficiency of facility used for collecting wastewater released from industrial factories, livestock farms and residential areas. The mainstream of the Anyang stream is classified into the 5th grade water as polysaprobic water area according to Saprobien system and the biotic index is over 2.5 in overall. Most of tributaries have 1~3 grade water limit with ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-mesosaprobic except the upper and mid streams of Samsung tributary, in which pollution status is the lowest part. Though Sambong tributary is ${\alpha}$-mesosaproboic, biotic index is low because of the appearance of abundant benthos animals in farming and fishing villages.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2007

본 연구는 마산만에서 육상기원 오염부하와 퇴적물로부터의 부하에 의한 해수 수질의 응답특성과 환경용량을 2002년 하계의 관측 자료를 바탕으로, 생태계 모델링을 이용하여 산정하였다. 만 내측의 잔차류는 0.1~1.5cm/s의 크기로 비교적 현상과 유사하게 재현되었는데, 표층에서는 잔차류가 남향으로 저층에서는 북향류를 이루고 있어서, 육상으로부터 유입된 오염물질이 쉽게 만 외부로 빠져나가는 것이 힘들다. 모델링결과 COD 분포는 육상오염부하가 큰 만 내측에서 3 mg/L이상의 높은 값을 나타내고 있다. 목표수질 해역 I등급(COD 1 mg/L)을 달성하기 위한 오염원별 삭감 부하량은 유기물(COD)과 영양염을 80%이상 삭감해야하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 해역 II등급(COD 2 mg/L)을 달성하기 위한 오염원별 삭감 부하량은 유기물(COD)과 영양염을 50%이상 삭감하여야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 각각의 경우 COD의 환경용량은 2.32 ton/day와 7.16 ton/day로 나타났다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.30-39
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• 2018

Soil contamination survey was conducted during March - July, 2017 to obtain soil contamination profile of 16 organic and inorganic contaminants in Hanam industrial complex located in Gwangju, Korea. The concentrations of all surveyed contaminants except Cd showed were within 0.3~1.5 times of their natural background levels. Cd showed concentrations as high as 6.9 times of the background level, signifying the influence of the metal processing facilities in the complex. The concentrations of Zn, Pb and Hg in areas nearby industrial facilities were 1.3~5.5 times higher than those within the facility and green area. The concentration of Cu in the green area was 1.4~2.9 times higher than in other areas. The Soil Pollution Index (SPI) analysis revealed 54% of the total area belong to first-grade soil, 43% to second-grade, and 3% to third-grade. The Enrichment Factor (EF) of Zn, Pb, and Cd were 9.2, 15.6, and 88.5, respectively, indicating high accumulation and contamination of the soil with Cd.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.114-127
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• 2021

Water pollution in the lower reaches of the Namhan River is getting worse due to drought and a decrease in water quantity due to climatic changes and hence is affecting the water quality of Paldang Lake. Accordingly, we have used a water quality index (WQI) and statistical analysis in this study to identify the characteristics of the water quality in the lower reaches of the Namhan River, the main causes of water pollution, and tributaries that need priority management. Typically, 10 items (WT, pH, EC, DO, BOD, COD, SS, T-N, T-P, and TOC) were used as the water quality factors for the statistical analysis, and the matrix of data was set as 324 × 10·1. The correlation analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and T-P with a high statistical significance (r=0.700, p<0.01). Furthermore, the result of principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the main factors affecting the change in water quality were T-P and organic substances introduced into the water by rainfall. Based on the Mann-Kendall test, a statistically significant increase in pH was observed in SH-1, DL, SH-2, CM, and BH, along with an increase in WQI in SH-2 and SM. BH was identified as a tributary that needs priority management in the lower reaches of the Namhan River, with a "Somewhat poor" (IV) grade in T-P, "Fair" grade in WQI, and "Marginal" grade in summer.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.885-895
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was evaluated on achievement of the Target water quality (TWQ) with Load Duration Curve (LDC) as well as materials collected through the implementation of Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL), targeting 41 unit watersheds in the Nakdong River Basin in korea, and examines the adequacy of the LDC method to evaluate the TWQ by comparing methods through current regulations. It aims to provide basic materials for TMDL development in Korea. This determination resulted from the fact that the measured data placed on the LDC mean that they are beyond TWQ in a certain condition of water flow when actually measured load values were displayed in a form of LDC. In addition to water quality surveys, it is considered that information on the level of damage in a water body by water flow grade can be utilized as a basic material to identify compliance with the total admitted quantity, and establish rational plans to improve water quality. This information helps in the identification of the degree of damage in water quality according to water flow.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.40-66
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to develop and applicate textbook relevant to school indoor air quality. To achieve the purpose, concrete study process are as follows. First, the survey research to teachers, supervisors, and students is conducted to grasp cognition of subjects in elementary school and management situation about school indoor air quality. Second, contents relevant to indoor air quality on textbooks in the 7th elementary curriculum and subsidiary textbooks is analysed through reference study. Third, environmental textbook relevant to school indoor air quality for 5th and 6th grade in elementary school is developed, applicated, and inspected its effect on the basis of implications from results of survey and reference study. The results of this study are as follows. First, the result of survey concerning school indoor air quality showed that three groups had negative attitude for its management even though they thought that it affected human's health and study by and large. Student group thought that each of students itself was a little influence to school indoor air pollution though all of three groups answered that' activities of students' was its main source. Efforts of students to improve school indoor air quality was not much, and its main reason was that they didn't know about school indoor air pollution well. Second, result of analysis into textbooks on the 7th elementary curriculum and subsidiary textbooks, contents concerning indoor air on the 7th elementary curriculum textbooks was little or nothing. And it trended to be included to subsidiary textbooks. However, education textbooks about indoor air for elementary students was insufficient still. Third, environmental textbook relevant to school indoor air quality for 5th and 6th grade in elementary school was developed. It was constructed for themes - importance, sources, effects, and management of school indoor air quality. After its application to the 6th grade students in elementary school, it was meaningful in the level of p<.05 that the result of knowledge and awareness in the pre-post test within experiment group. However, all of the results in comparison group didn't represent statistically meaningful difference. In conclusion, environmental textbook developed by necessity of education about school indoor air quality will play a role as useful tool for the 5th, 6th grade students in elementary school to understand relation of quality of health and life and school indoor air quality, to have attitude to make an effort to manage it by develop right awareness about it.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the water quality of 16 golf course ponds located in northern areas Gyeonggi province by investigating residual pesticides, organic matters (BOD, TOC) and nutrients (TN, TP). Methods: The result data for the residual pesticides were used from 2014 to 2017. and other result data were used for April and July in 2017. The residual pesticides analytical method was based on 'Golf course residual pesticides inspection method', The others analytical method was based on 'The water pollution process test standard' Results: Very toxic pesticides and banned pesticides were not detected but general pesticides were detected. In case of the water quality of the golf course pond was applied to the lake water quality standard. In April the average TOC concentration was V grade to 6.46 mg/L, TP V grade to 0.13 mg/L, TN VI grade to 1.6 mg/L, In July TOC average concentration was VI grade to 8.65 mg/L, TP VI grade to 0.17 mg/L, TN V to 1.5 mg/L. All TN and TP concentrations corresponded to eutrophication. Compared with lake water quality monitoring, the concentrations of BOD, TOC and TP were high but the TN concentration was low in April and July. Conclusions: It is considered that water quality managements are necessary for the golf course pond. The first reason is that the pollutants of pond are discarded to river during rainfall and act as pollution sources. The second reason is that the golf course users are uncomfortable because of odor caused by the pollutants of the pond.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.398-403
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• 2005

This study is undertaken to find the optimal method to make the decision on the degree of water pollution by comparison of K-WQI, KOE-WQI that is made for index with the water quality index and water quality environment standard of the Frame Act on Environment Policy as the result of survey for water quality reality on the major point of the Yeongsan river from 2002 to 2004. The water quality of major rivers has some differences depending on seasons. however, under the water quality standard by the $BOD_5$ density, most of rivers displayed the water quality level of $II{\sim}III$ grading, and on K-WQI that is classified by indexing for 10 categories of pH, DO, $BOD_5,\;COD,\;SS,\;T-N,\;NH_3-N,\;NO_{3^-}$ N, T-P, and E-Coli and classified into 5 groups from 100 points to 40 points, they displayed the score distribution of the first grade in water quality for $85{\sim}100$ points to the second grade in water quality for $70{\sim}84$ points. On KOE-WQI that is classified by indexing for 5 categories of pH, DO, $BOD_5$, COD and T-coli and classified into 5 groups from 90 points or above for outstanding and 29 points or below for very bad, and the water quality distribution is made ranged from the first grade in water quality for 90 points or more to the third grade in water quality for $69{\sim}50$ points. In addition, for the contribution of the water quality decline, the Environmental standard has significant dependency on the $BOD_5$ density, with K-WQI contributing in various water quality decline depending on the environment around the river area of $BOD_5,\;T-N,\;NH_3-N,\;NO_3-N,\;T-P$, and E-Coli, and KOE-WQI acting os the factor contributing to lower the water quality decline by $BOD_5$, COD, and T-coli. As such, the current water quality environment standard has high dependency on $BOD_5$ and KOE-WQI excludes some nitrogen and phosphorus that considers the river environment that the grade in water quality is set by some category, and K-WQI reflected well of the ecology environment of rivers with the diversity of the assessment factor as well as to have the low dependency of specific factor to be objective.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.307-317
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• 2003

In this study, the material cycle model was applied to suggest alternative management of water quality for Jeju Harbor. The distribution of COD, DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen) and DIP (dissolved inorganic phosphorus) concentrations was reasonably reproduced by simulations on the model area of the Jeju Harbor using a material cycle model. The simulations of COD, DIN and DIP concentrations were performed under the conditions of 20∼100% pollution loadings reductions from pollution sources. In case of the 100% reduction of the input loads from Sanzi river, concentrations of COD, DM and DIP were reduced to 39%, 78% and 52%, respectively at Jeju harbor. In contrast, in case of the pollutant loadings reductions from sediment, the effect of DIN and DIP reduction relatively seemed to increase around the center of study area. The 95% reduction of the pollutant loadings from river and sediment is required to meet the COD and nutrients concentration of second grade of ocean water quality criteria.