• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.606-614
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• 2009

To evaluate the biological water quality, diatom-based biological indices (DAIpo and TDI) were examined in the Sum-River and the Dal-stream. Having BOD concentrations below $2mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in most sites, water quality of both rivers was good. The DAIpo and TDI values ranged from 29.8 to 91.4 and from 38.7 to 93.0 respectively. From the biological water quality assessment, DAIpo and TDI for both rivers displayed fair to fairly poor water quality levels. However, the two indices showed more polluted conditions than expected from the BOD vlaues. In addition, DAIpo, having wider range of differences, appears to be more sensitive to the change in water quality when compared to TDI values. Statistical analysis using principal component analysis showed that Nitzschia palea and Diatoma vulgare might not be the appropriate indicators due to their low correlations with other indicators.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.23-35
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• 2010

A Sustainable Structured wetland Biotop (SSB) system was constructed on the floodplain of Kyungan stream in December, 2006. It purifies polluted water of Keumeo stream which flows into the stream. Water were sampled once a month at inlet and outlet from December, 2007 to December, 2008. $BOD_5$, SS, T-N and T-P were analyzed. Plant and fish species of the system were monitored twice during the period. Average influent and effluent BOD5 concentration was 6.2 and 2.2 mg/L, respectively and BOD5 removal was 50.8%. SS concentration of influent and effluent was averaged 10.1mg/L and 1.5mg/L, respectively and SS abatement amounted to 77.0%. Average influent and effluent T-N concentration was 4.9mg/L and 2.9 mg/L, respectively and T-N retention was 50.8%. T-P concentration of influent and effluent was averaged 0.386mg/L and 0.107mg/L, respectively and T-P removal amounted to 77.0%. Twenty two plant species were naturally introduced into the system, however, they didn't make up a significant portion of the plant populations compared with the planted species. Dominant plant species were in the following order; Phragmites communis > Typha latifolia > Iris pseudoacorus > Persicaria thunbergii. Five families and 15 species of fish were observed in the system including Chinese minnow (Moroco oxycephalus) which inhabits in clean water. Six more fish species were monitored in the system compared with ones living in Kyungan stream. Amphibia and reptiles accounted for 11 species of 4 orders and 7 families including Korean Salamander (Hynobius leechi) which also lives in cleanwater.

• 생태와환경
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.503-512
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate fish fauna, species composition, and various guilds against stream orders along with analysis of fish community structure and diversity in Geum River watershed from 2005 to 2007. The total number of fish collected was 4,216 representing 12 families with 56 species. Zacco platypus was the most abundant fish species with 26% in relative abundance (RA). Korean endemic species were 24 species including Zacco koreanus, Microphysogobio yaluensis, Gobiobotia nakdongensis, and Iksookimia koreensis, etc. We also collected endangered fish species such as G. nakdongensis, Liobagrus obesus, and Pseudopungtungia nigra, etc., and their new distribution sites were found in the survey, providing some sites of the fish conservation and protection. Fish tolerance and trophic guilds analysis showed that the proportion of sensitive species, intermediate species, and tolerant species were 33.4%, 29.3%, and 37.3%, respectively and omnivores and insectivores were 48.1 % and 38.4%, respectively. Analysis of site-base study indicated that tolerant species and omnivore species were high in some polluted tributary streams (i.e., Gap and Miho stream) and sensitive and insectivore species were low. In the functional relations, expressed as simple linear regression equations, of stream order on fish metric attributes, showed that the number of species and the number of individuals increased as the stream order increases. This phenomenon was explained by greater availability of stable water volume, rich food, and higher physical habitat capacity. Such guild compositions and stream order characteristics of the river influenced the community structures, based on species diversity, dominance and evenness index in the study. This study may be used as important data in the future for comparisons of fish fauna and compositions before and after two weir (dam) constructions in the middle of Geum River by the government.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.713-720
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• 2002

In order to provide the basic information on the environmental pollution of Kyungsan province, the contents of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn and Zn in soil, stream water, aquatic sediment and groundwater were investigated, and also the values of pH, COD, $KMnO_4-C$,\;NH_3-N,\;NO_2-N,\;NO_3-N$ and $Cl^-$ of stream water and groundwater were determined. The results were as follows. The values of COD, $NH_3-N,\;NO_2-N$ and $NO_3-N$ of the stream waters were very low. The contents of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn in the stream waters were respectively at range of $0.014~0.063 mg/{\ell},\;0.004~0.007 mg/{\ell$\mid$, 0~0.045 mg/{\ell},\;0~0.008 mg/{\ell}$\;and\;$0.001~0.175 mg/{\ell}$, and these values were much lower than those of contaminated stream water in Korea. The contents of Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn in the soils were respectively at range of 0.12~O.71 ppm, 0.88~2.65 ppm, 2.86~22.33 ppm and 3.89~26.39 ppm, and these values were much lower than those of ordinary polluted areas in Korea. The contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, As, Zn and Mn in the aquatic sediments were respectively at range of 3.05~3.81 ppm, 14.6~70.6 ppm, 13.74~61.59 ppm, 76.8~465.5 ppm, 12.56~190.83 ppm and 333.3~l188.3 ppm. The values of pH, $KMnO_4-C,\;NH_3-N$, and $NO_3-N$ of the groundwaters were respectively at range of 7.6~8.4, $0~3.95{\ell}$, 0.05~0.15 mg/{\ell}$ and 0.05~0.42 $mg/{\ell}$. The contents of Pb, Cd and Cr in the groundwaters were respectively at range of 0.015~0.061 $mg/{\ell}$, 0.O06~0.009 $mg/{\ell}$ and 0.005~0.045 $mg/{\ell}$.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.323-331
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• 1999

Most of channel fish farming in Alabama are still earthen pond style, and filled by rainfall and runoff. The water levels of ponds are maintained with stand-pipe, and the effluent from ponds very little discharged at usual time except ant heavy rains and crop season. Overflow from ponds following rains occurs mostly in winter and early spring when stream flows high. In this study to know how much effluents fish ponds affected to streams which are nearby ponds, a survey carried out on the variation of water quality of seven streams and effluents at heavy rains. Water samples were collected at 14 sites on upstream (did not affected by effluents) and downstream(being affect by effluents), and sampled monthly from August 1997 to August 1998. There were no clear trends of difference in most water quality variables between upstream and downstream of catfish farms during a year. The effluents from ponds after heavy rains were not highly polluted, but sometimes have elevated concentrations of TSS. Nitrogen content of effluents was higher than that of routine streams , but phosphorus was not clear. From this result suggest than the effluents from catfish farm are not having adverse impacts on stream water quality still yet .

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.295-305
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• 1993

본 연구의 목적은 오염 심화된 하천 수질개선을 위한 희석수량 및 점오염원을 최적 제어할 수 있는 수질관리 시스템개발에 대한 이론적 방법론을 연구하는데 있다. 시스템 제어변수로는 하천 유하량과 처리장 방출수의 농도수준을, 상태변수로는 DO, BOD, COD, SS를 선택하였고, 시스템 해법으로는 비선형기법인 augmented Lagrangian 기법을 활용하였다. 개발된 시스템을 검증하기 위한 적용대상 하천으로는 오염 심화된 도시하천인 무심천을 선정하였다. 검증과정으로 부터, 개발된 방법론은 도시하천 뿐만아니라 수계 전반에 걸친 폭넓은 분석에도 적합할 것으로 사료되었으며, 제한된 수자원의 효율적 운영을 위한 방안을 제시하는데도 유용한 도구가 될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.113-128
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• 2011

본 연구는 2007년 10월부터 2008년 7월까지 대청호의 중요 유입지천인 소옥천에 대해 이화학적 수질, 식물플랑크톤 군집을 분석하고 수질영양단계를 평가하였다. 식물플랑크톤은 Microcystis aeruginosa와 Aulacoseira granulata 등 수화원인종의 출현빈도가 높아 잠재적으로 남조류 및 규조류에 의한 녹조현상이 연중 지속될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한 Oscillatoria limasa를 포함한 10분류군의 오염수역 지표종이 출현하였다. TSI (Trophic Status Index)와 LTSI (Lake Trophic Status Index)에 의한 수질영양단계 평가 결과, TSI는 중부영양~부영양화단계, LTSI는 중부영양단계~과영양단계로 평가되었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.132-143
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• 1995

Comprehensive development projects were carried out on the Han River from 1982 to 1986 for the purpose of creating a more serviceable places such as a riverside parks and autoroads and so on. However because of the river development, river ecosystem and function were destroyed. And many local autonomous entity follows comprehensive development projects as if it is a model case. To investigate the impact that the river development effects the river ecosystem, two sites which are Anyangcheon and Sooipcheon were surveyed in the right of around plants ecosystem and structure. Two sites are creek of the Hna River. Sooipcheon maintains the sound ecosystem. It has sufficient carrying capacity for the river recreation activity. The reason is that a hydrophyte absorbs nutrients from the stream and the river ecosystem meets the around terrestrial one neturally. Number of hydrophyte increase from upstream going forward to downstream. Number of hydrophyte increase from upstream going forward to downstream. Anyangchoen is seriously polluted stream out of many branch stream of the Han river. In the upstream various woody plants and hydrophyte appeared. But from the river developed area at midstream, naturalized plants dominated such as Bidens tripartita, panicum dichotomiflorum etc. To manage the creek ecologically, hydrophyts were introduced in partly for natural purification after rehavilitate the riverside, and steadily monitoring is demanded.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.400-406
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 하천에 유입된 오염물질의 거동 및 확산 특성을 파악하기 위하여 실제 하천에서 RI(Radioactive Isotope) 추적자를 이용하여 오염물 확산을 실측하고 그 결과를 수치모형과 비교분석하였다. 연구대상 수로구간은 금강 상류지역의 용담댐 부근 합류지점으로부터 하류로 약 2km구간에서 실험을 하였으며, 수치모형으로는 RMA-2(Resource Modeling Associates-2), RMA-4를 사용하였다. RI를 이용한 현장실험은 모델링을 적용한 지역과 동일 지역에서 실험을 실시하였고, 각 구간의 간격은 1km로 정하되 현장 사정에 따라 차이를 조금 두어 RI계측기인 NaI계측기를 통한 1초 간격의 농도 데이터를 계측하였다. 계측결과는 수치모형의 결과와 실제 하천에서의 확산범위 및 확산에 큰 영향을 미치는 확산계수 변화에 따른 농도 분포를 비교 분석하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.969-980
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• 2015

In order to certificate the distribution and pollution of heavy metal of surface sediments in Nakdong River were collected and analyzed for grain size, water content, ignition loss and heavy metal content. Surface sediments mainly composed of sand(avg. 94.6%) and water content and ignition loss were 20.46%, 1.53% on average. Grain size were relatively fine and organic matter content were relatively high in the Hoichun and Sunakdonggang. Most of heavy metal content(Zn > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cu > Hg) in the Deokcheongang and Sunakdonggang were higher than the other streams. The Igeo were non polluted(less than 0) in all streams and the EF were relatively high in the small stream and PLI were non polluted(less than 1). In addition, organic matter, heavy metal content and pollution were highly correlation with grain size. Surface sediments in study area, heavy metal pollution of the Sunakdonggang were relatively high compared to the other stream but these results were not serious pollution that exceed the sediment pollution evaluation standard of river and lake in Korea and pollution levels adversely affected the majority of benthos were not.