• 제목/요약/키워드: Pollutants

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식생여과대내 침투능력 향상에 따른 오염물질 저감효과에 대한 실험 (Experiment for Reduction Effectiveness of Pollutants with the Improvement of Infiltration Ability in Vegetation Filter Strip)

  • 이영아;최이송;오종민
    • 한국수자원학회논문집
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    • 제40권2호
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    • pp.183-190
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구에서는 식생여과대에 있어서 토양층의 역할에 주목하였으며, 토양 침투량이 증가될 수 있는 구조로 토양층을 변형하여 일반적인 식생여과대에서의 오염저감효과와 비교 분석하였다. 따라서 연구의 최종 목적은 토양층 변화를 통한 식생여과대의 수질개선효과를 일반적인 토양층으로 구성된 식생여과대와 비교, 검토함으로써 보다 효과적인 식생여과대를 조성하고자 하는 것이다. 실험분석 결과, 토양층 변화를 접목시킨 식생여과대는 일반 식생여과대에 비해 표면유출에서 높은 오염물질 저감효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 표면유출수 일부가 정류벽을 통과한 후 재상승하여 표면으로 유출되었기 때문으로 판단된다. 그러나 계단형에서의 하부유출수의 경우, 입경이 큰 모래와 자갈을 통과하여 유출이 일어나기 때문에 직선형 식생여과대보다 오염저감효율은 다소 낮게 나타났다. 이를 오염물질 유출부하량의 개념으로 파악해 보면, 하부유출량이 전체 유출유량에 대한 기여도가 계단형(4%)에서 직선형(2%)보다 높기 때문에 계단형에서의 오염물질 저감부하량이 직선형에 비하여 매우 높게 나타났다. 따라서 정류벽과 표면층 변화를 통해 침투량을 증가시킨 식생여과대는 일반적인 식생여과대보다 저감효과가 크고 식생여과대 적용에 필요한 여러 조건(토양의 침투성, 여과대의 넓이 및 길이, 유속 등)을 만족하지 않더라도 충분한 저감효과를 발휘할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

다중이용시설별 실내공기 오염물질 농도분포 및 기준치 이상 값의 구성비 조사 (The Distribution of Indoor Air Pollutants by the Categories of Public-Use Facilities and Their Rate of Guideline Violation)

  • 전정인;이혜원;최현진;전형진;이철민
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제47권5호
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    • pp.398-409
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    • 2021
  • Background: The types and effects of hazardous pollutants in indoor air may vary depending on the characteristics of the sources and pollutants caused by physical and chemical properties of buildings, the influence of outdoor air, and the exposure and use characteristics of residents. Objectives: This study was conducted to provide basic data on the establish of indoor air quality management for different classes of public-use facilities by presenting the characteristics of concentration distribution of hazardous pollutants by different public-use facilities and the status of the excess proportion of exceeding standards. Methods: This study analyzed self-measurement data from public-use facilities taken from 2017 to 2019 A total of 133,525 facilities were surveyed. A total of 10 types of pollutants that have maintenance and recommended standards stipulated in the Indoor Air Quality Control Act from the Ministry of Environment were investigated. The excess proportion and the substances exceeding the criteria for each type of public-use facilities for these pollutants were investigated. Results: As a result of the analysis of the proportion of exceeding the standard for each type of public-use facility, the facilities with the highest excess proportion of the standards for each hazardous pollutant were: PM10 in railway stations (8.93%), PM2.5 in daycare centers (7.36%), CO2 in bus terminals (2.37%), HCHO in postpartum care centers (4.11%), total airborne bacteria in daycare centers (0.69%), CO in museums (0.1%), NO2 in postpartum care centers (1.15%), Rn in museums (0.78%), total volatile organic compounds in postpartum care centers (7.20%) and mold in daycare centers (1.44%). Conclusions: Although uncertainty may arise because this study is a result of self-measurement, it is considered that this study has significance for providing basic data on the establishment in the future of indoor air quality management measures customized for each type of public-use facility.

부산시 항만 및 산단 인근 주거지역 대기질 모니터링과 분기별 특성확인 (Air Quality Monitoring in Residential Areas near Ports and Industrial Complexes in Busan)

  • 주현지;이승호;김민정;이가빈;홍영습
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제50권3호
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    • pp.181-190
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    • 2024
  • Background: Air pollutants have been reported to have harmful effects on human health. Busan is a vulnerable area in terms of air quality due to the installation of various industrial complexes, particularly the port industry. However there is limited research data on the ambient air quality of residential areas near ports and industrial complexes. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the quarterly levels of air pollutants near industrial complexes and ports and to identify trends and characteristics of air pollutant exceedances. Methods: Air measurements were conducted quarterly. The measured air pollutants included O3, SO2, CO, NO2, PM10, and PM2.5. PM10 and PM2.5 were measured using BAM-1020 equipment, while O3, SO2, CO, and NO2 were measured using AP-370 Series equipment. The quarterly concentration levels of air pollutants were determined, and the influence of precipitation and commuting hours on fine particulate matter was examined. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to determine if there was significance between the concentrations of fine particulate matter during commuting hours and non-commuting hours. Results: The concentrations of air pollutants were generally higher in the first and second quarters. Furthermore, the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 tended to decrease continuously following consecutive rainfall, with concentrations at the end of rainfall periods lower than those observed at the beginning. The frequency of exceeding average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 was higher on weekdays. Moreover, the average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 during weekday commuting hours were higher compared to non-commuting hours. Conclusions: The concentrations of air pollutants in the survey area were found to be higher than the overall average in Busan. Based on this study, continuous air quality monitoring is necessary for residential areas near industrial complexes and ports. For further research, health biomonitoring of residents in these areas should be conducted to assess their exposure levels.

환경 문제의 우선 순위 도출을 위한 비교 위해도 분석에 관한 연구 (Comparative Risk Analysis for Priority Ranking of Environmental Problems)

  • 김예신;임영욱;남정모;장재연;이동수;신동천
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.285-298
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    • 2002
  • In Korea, no CRA (comparative risk analysis) studies have been undertaken, nor have their methodologies of such studies been established. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to establish the framework of CRA consisting of health risk, economic risk and perceived risk, and to estimate and compare these risks among the three environmental problems of air pollution, indoor air pollution and drinking water contamination, which are themselves subject to the eight sub -problems of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), regulated pollutants (representative as PM 10) and dioxins (PCDDs/PCDFs) in air pollution, indoor air pollutants (IAPs) and radon in indoor air pollution, and drinking water pollutants (DWPs), disinfection by -products (DBPs) and radionuclides in drinking water contamination in Seoul, Korea. After which, the priorities of these problems were set by individual and integrated risk. From the results, the rankings of both health risk and economical risk were in the following order: radon, PM10, IAPs, HAPs, DWPs, dioxins, DBPs, and radionuclides among the eight sub problems. On the contrary, the ranking of perceived risk was in the following order: HAPs, dioxins, radionuclides, PM10, DWPs, IAPs, Radon and then DBPs among the eight sub-problems.

Air Pollution Monitoring in Taiwan: An Application of Tethersonding in Coastal Central Taiwan

  • Cheng Wan-Li;Hsu C. H.;Huang J. D.;Shi J. L.
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제31권3호
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    • pp.215-220
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    • 2005
  • The atmospheric transportation and dispersion processes of air pollutants are important issues in dealing with air pollution problems. Air pollutants originated from biological and anthropogenic activities are not only limited to the local emission sources, but could also be transported and dispersed to other regions by synoptic weather systems. Besides, the complexity of topography of central Taiwan helps accumulating air pollutants to promote high-concentration episodes. The techniques of tethersonding were applied to monitor the vertical profiles of winds, air temperatures and humidity, as well as to collect air samples, to be analyzed for pollutants $(O_3,\;NO_2,\;NO\;and\; NMHC)$ from the ground up to 1000m. A time period of about one week, 19-26 October 2002, was chosen as the sampling period due to the high frequency of episode occurrence in autumn based on the past records. Associating with the analysis of weather patterns, the atmospheric characteristics over high-concentration areas can be resolved in more detail. The result of the tethersonding studies showed that weak northerly sea breeze (with thickness about 300m) with low wind speed (about 1 to 2 m/sec) could help develop high ozone concentrations in the down-wind areas. It is also important to have a built-up aloft of precursors and ozone to develop high concentration on the previous day.

APPLICATION OF A PILOT-SCALE FLUIDIZED-BED REACTOR FOR THE DECONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATER

  • ;이성택;;장용근
    • 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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    • pp.77-80
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    • 2001
  • Groundwater, contaminated predominantly with aromatic compounds and chlorinated ethylene, could be biologically treated in a fluidized-bed reactor with immobilized cells. The decomposition efficiency for the aromatics was over 90% at the retention time of 2.5 h. The chlorinated ethylenes, especially trichloroethylene (TCE) and cis-dichloroethylene (DCE), could be decomposed only insufficiently. No anaerobic methane formation was observed for this groundwater even at a very low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of 0.75 mg/L. The variation of DO concentration resulted in an optimal value of 1.5 mg/L. The recycle of air waste could increase the utilization of oxygen. The amount of low boiling pollutants stripped out remained constant with the recycle, while for the higher boiling pollutants the stripping slightly increased. Using air instead of oxygen increases the flow rate of air waste, which is connected to a higher stripping of pollutants. In this investigation, the pollutant concentration in the air waste remained constant. The stripping of main pollutants did not exceed 0.3 %.

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기존 공동주택의 실내 유해화학물질 오염발생원에 대한 특성 분석 (An Analysis on Characteristics of the Pollutants and the Real Condition State of the Indoor Air Pollution in Occupied Apartment Units)

  • 유복희
    • 한국주거학회논문집
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    • 제21권6호
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    • pp.11-18
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    • 2010
  • The aims of this study were to grasp the real condition state and clarify the characteristics and influence of pollutants on the indoor air pollution in occupied apartment units. The research method was to measure the pollution levels of indoor air pollution, and investigate characteristics of the pollutants such as the outdoor environment, elapsed time after construction, finished materials, temperature, relative humidity, space extension, purchase with furniture and electric appliances, built-in closets, and method for cleaning the air. And these were made a comparition between industrial and residential area. The VOCs and formaldehyde concentration in indoor air were measured the 6 household in residental area and 5 household in industrial area. In conclusion, the concentration such as benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylene, styrene showed the pollution state within permissible levels, however formaldehyde concentration has need a lot of attention as ever. And it turned out that the influence with reference to emission from building materials on indoor air pollution lessened under 18 months elapsed time after construction.

Electro-chemical Removal Properties of Water Pollutants by Ag-ACF from Piggery Waste

  • Oh, Won-Chun;Bae, Jang-Soon;Ko, Young-Shin
    • Carbon letters
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.105-113
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    • 2006
  • The electro-chemical removal (ECR) of water pollutants by metal-ACF electrodes from wastewater was investigated over wide range of ECR time. The ECR capacities of metallic ACF electrodes were related to physical properties such as adsorption isotherm, surface area and pore size and to reaction time. Surface morphologies and elemental analysis for the metal supported ACFs after electro-catalytic reaction were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy disperse X-ray (EDX) to explain the changes in adsorption properties. The IR spectra of metallic ACFs for the investigation of functional groups show that the electro-catalytic treatment is consequently associated with the removal of pollutants with the increasing surface reactivity of the activated carbon fibers. The metal-ACFs were electro-catalytically reacted to waste water to investigate the removal efficiency for the COD, T-N, $NH_4$-N, $NO_3$-N and $NO_2$-N. From these removal results of the piggery waste using metallic ACFs substrate, satisfactory removal performance was achieved. The removal efficiency of the metallic ACFs substrate was mainly determined by the properties of the material for adsorption and trapping of organics, and catalytic effects.

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Air Pollution Monitoring in Taiwan: An Application of Tethersonding in Coastal Central Taiwan

  • Cheng, Wan-Li
    • 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국환경보건학회 2005년도 국제학술대회
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    • pp.184-210
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    • 2005
  • The atmospheric transportation and dispersion processes of air pollutants are important issues in dealing with air pollution problems. Air pollutants originated from biological and anthropogenic activities are not only limited to the local emission sources, but could also be transported and dispersed to other regions by synoptic weather systems. Besides, the complexity of topography of central Taiwan helps accumulating air pollutants to promote high-concentration episodes. The techniques of tethersonding were applied to monitor the vertical profiles of winds, air temperatures and humidity, as well as to collect air samples, to be analyzed for pollutants ($O_3,\;NO_2$, NO and NMHC) from the ground up to 1000 m. A time period of about one week, 19 -26 October 2002, was chosen as the sampling period due to the high frequency of episode occurrence in autumn based on the past records. Associating with the analysis of weather patterns, the atmospheric characteristics over high-concentration areas can be resolved in more detail. The result of the tethersonding studies showed that weak northerly sea breeze (with thickness about 300 m) with now wind speed (about 1 to 2 m/sec) could help develop high ozone concentrations in the down-wind areas. It is also important to have a built-up aloft of precursors and ozone to develop high concentration on the previous day.

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석유정제산업 공정과 공정장비에 기인한 휘발성 유해 대기오염물질(HAPs)의 배출량 산정기법 (Estimation Technique of Volatile Hazardous Air Pollutants(HAPs) Emitted from Petroleum Industrial Process/Equipment)

  • 조완근;권기동;동종인;강경희
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제13권7호
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    • pp.703-710
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    • 2004
  • Petroleum refineries have been considered as an important emission source for atmospheric volatile hazardous air pollutants(HAPs). The emission source includes petroleum refinery processes and process equipment. The control strategy for volatile HAPs requires emission estimations of these pollutants. However, systematic methods of volatile HAPs emission from petroleum refineries have not yet been established. Accordingly, present study surveyed the estimation method of volatile HAPs emitted from the petroleum refinery processes and process equipment. The emission estimation methods for the petroleum refinery processes are applied for 11 petroleum refining facilities: fluidized catalytic cracking, thermal cracking, moving bed catalytic cracking, compressed engine, blowdown system, vacuum distilled column condensator, natural gas or distilled boiler, natural gas or distilled heater, oil boiler, oil heater and flare. Four emission estimation methods applied for the petroleum refinery process equipment are as follows: average emission factor approach, screening ranges approach, EPA correlation approach and unit-specific correlation approach. The process equipment for which emission factors are available are valves, pump seals, connectors, flanges and open-ended lines.