• KCID journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.54-65
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• 2011

This study was performed to analyze the influence of pollutant loads characteristics on the point and non-point sources in Saemangeum watershed area using Hydrological Simulation Program, Fortran (HSPF). The simulation items were flow, BOD, T-N, and T-P(2007~2010). The pollutant loads trend reflects the precipitation. Specifically, the point source loads were almost constant, but the non-point source loads were influenced in the precipitation. It was found that the effect of non-point source is larger than point source. The water quality had a clear trend by the season. However, pollutant loads did not show distinct seasonal changes. The reason is that the pollutant concentration is diluted by the increased flow at summer season. Therefore, it is important to control the non-point source in order to manage water quality in the region. For the management of Saemangeum lake, it is need to control of supplied pollutant loads from Saemangeum watershed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2004

NPS pollutant loads from sandy clayey and clayey loam runoff plots were measured. Runoff plots were 2$\times$10 m in size and 8~10% in slope and paddy area was 4,620 $m^2$. Soybean, corn, tobacco and control (natural weed) were cultured. Precipitation during the growing season of June to October, 2002 was 869.5 mm. Runoff and water quality were measured more than 10 times during the measurements depending on the growing stage. Pollutants loads were estimated by using respective concentration and runoff volume. Runoff occurred when daily rainfall exceeded about 30 mm. The largest runoff was observed from the paddy but pollutant loads were larger from upland crops than those from paddy. SS loads from paddy and upland were 1.4 ton/ha/yr and 3.1~4.3 ton/ha/yr, respectively. COD loads 30 kg/ha/yr and 66~90 kg/ha/yr, T-N loads 13 kg/ha/yr and 14~23 kg/ha/yr, T-P loads 1 kg/ha/yr와 4 kg/ha/yr, nitrate nitrogen loads 1 kg/ha/yr and 4~8 kg/ha/yr, and phosphate phosphorus loads 0 kg/ha/yr and 4~6 kg/ha/yr, respectively. It was concluded that NPS pollutant loads from upland crop culture have greater impact on the quality of the receiving water body than those from paddy culture.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.124-136
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• 2002

A freshwater lake water quality management system(FLAQUM) was developed to help regional manager for the water quality of a rural basin. The integrated user interface system FLAQUM written in Visual Basic, includes three subsystems such as a database management system, basin pollutant loads simulation model using SWMM model and freshwater lake water quality simulation model using WASP5 model. Pollutant load simulation model was applied to simulate the discharge and pollutant loading from the watershed, and freshwater lake water quality model was applied to analyze the changes in water quality with respect to watershed pollutant loads, and this model could be used in planning to control watershed pollutant source for water quality management. Database management system was constructed fur all input and output data processing, and it can be used to analyze statistical characteristics using constructed data. Results are displayed both graph and text for convenience of user. The results of FLAQUM application to Boryeong freshwater lake showed that the lake was in eutrophic condition. The major contribution of pollution comes from tributary No.1 and No.4, which have a large number of livestock farms. Therefore, water quality management must be focused on appropriate management of the livestock farming in the two breanchs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.11 no.1 s.22
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• pp.71-76
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• 2005

The purpose if the study is to apply GIS technique to sample area, Choensoo-Bay basin for an efficient and practical coastal zone management if pollution control. The basins, Unit if pollution control, are selected with qualitative analysis using DEM after considered river length, degree and area of basin through channel network analysis. Choensoo-Bay basin is divided with 6 zones to 33 subordinate zones. It is found to be a big difference of pollutant loads in each zone. The pollutant loads use to review for efficient zoning. And also the result apply to measurement of water quality and building for environmental infrastructure.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.244-249
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• 2006

Natural environment of Weolgokri watershed has been well preserved as a traditional agricultural watershed. A year record of streamflow, $NO_3-N$, T-N and T-P concentrations data (April 2004 - Mar. 2005) were examined to estimate annual and seasonal patterns of pollutant loads in streamflow and baseflow from the agricultural watershed. To estimate pollutant loads from baseflow, baseflow component was separated from streamflow using the digital filter method in the Web-based Hydrograph Analysis Tool system and loads of $NO_3-N$, T-N and T-P from streamflow and baseflow were evaluated. The $NO_3-N$, T-N, and T-P loads from streamflow were 13.85 kg/ha, 45.92 kg/ha and 1.887 kg/ha, respectively, while corresponding loads from baseflow were 7.43 kg/ha, 24.70 kg/ha, 0.582 kg/ha, respectively. It was found that $NO_3-N$ and T-N loads were contributed slightly more by the baseflow (53% and 53% of Total-loads) than by the direct runoff (47% and 47% of Total loads). However, only 30% of total T-P load was contributed by the baseflow. It is recommended that one needs to assess pollutant load contribution by the baseflow to identify appropriate pollution control strategies for an effective watershed management.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.580-585
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• 2005

Natural environment of Weolgok-ri watershed has been well preserved as a traditional agricultural watershed. A year record of streamflow, $NO_3-N$, T-N and T-P concentrations data(Apr, 2004-Mar. 2005) was examined to estimate annual and seasonal patterns of pollutnat loads in streamflow and baseflow from the agriculture watershed. To estimate pollutant loads from baseflow, baseflow component from total stream flow was seperated using digital filter method in the Web-based Hydrograph Analysis Tool system. Loads of $NO_3-N$, T-N and T-P from streamflow and baseflow were evaluated to investigate pollutant loads contribution by baseflow. The $NO_3-N$, T-N, and T-P loads from streamflow were 13.85 kg/ha, 45.92 kg/ha and 1.887 kg/ha, respectively. $NO_3-N$, T-N and T-P loads from baseflow were 7.43 kg/ha, 24.70 kg/ha, 0.582 kg/ha, respectively. It was found that $NO_3-N$ and T-N loads were contributed by the baseflow(53% and 53% of Total-loads) than the direct runoff(47% and 47% of Total loads). However, only 30% of total T-P was contributed by the baseflow. It is recommended that one needs to assess pollutant load contribution by the baseflow to identify appropriate control strategies for effective watershed management.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.28-39
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• 2001

The eco-hydrodynamic model was used to simulation water quality of Kwangyang Bay according to the environmental variation for appropriate water quality management. The mean concentration of COD was 3.3㎎/L, this exceeded the third class of water quality criteria. Waste water discharging loads showed approximately 90% of total pollutant loads. For satisfaction to below 10㎍/L of Chl. a and 2㎎/L of COD, above 35% reduction of present pollutant loads of point sources are needed.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.148-160
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• 2002

Lake water quality assessment information is useful to anyone involved in lake management, from lakeshore owners to lake associations. 11 provides lake water quality, which can improve how to manage lake resources and how to measure current conditions. It also provides a knowledge base that can be used to protect and restore lakes. SWMM was applied to simulate the discharge and pollutant loads from Boryeong watershed, and WASP5 was applied to analyze the changes of water quality in Boryeong freshwater lake. In each model, the most suitable parameters were calculated through sensitive analysis and some parameters used default data. Simulated in SWMM and measured discharge showed the accuracy of 88.6%. T-N and T-P exceeds the criteria in the simulation of water quality in Boryeong freshwater lake, and control of pollutant loads in the main stream showed the most effective way. Integrated water quality management system was developed to give convenience in the operation of SWMM and WASP5 and data acquisition.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.97-106
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• 2017

In this study, the characteristics of nonpoint source pollutant loads from separate sewer overflow (SSO) and combined sewer overflow (CSO) were evaluated during 2016 in Namyangju city, Korea. Five rainfall events were monitored during 2016 with ranging from 14.5 mm to 121.5 mm. The runoff ratio of CSO was higher than that of SSO because only design volume of maximum sanitary sewer ($1Q_h$) was transported and treated and $2Q_h$ was overflowed to waterbody during rainy day although combined sewer system was designed to transport $3Q_h$ to treatment system. The event mean concentrations (EMCs) and pollutant loads from CSO were higher than those from SSO. BOD and COD of CSO, and TOC and TN of SSO represented distinct first flush phenomena. The inadequate management in combined sewer system from which the untreated $2Q_h$ from CSO was overflowed to waterbody during rainy day could influence on high pollutant loads and first flushing. Treating $2Q_h$ from CSO, source control such as low impact development, and treating outflow from SSO were strongly recommended to control non-point source pollution in urban area.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.58-68
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• 2009

Low impact development (LID) technique is relatively new concept to reduce surface runoff and pollutant loading from land cover by attempting to match predevelopment condition with various integrated management practices (IMPs). In this study, computational model for designing and evaluating LID, named LIDMOD, was developed based on SCS-CN method and applied at Andong bus terminal to evaluate LID applicapability and design retention/detention area for volume or peak flow control. LIDMOD simulated with 21 years simulation period that yearly surface runoff by post-development without LID was significantly higher than that with LID showing about 2.8 times and LID could reduce efficiently yearly surface runoff with 75% reduction of increased runoff by conventional post development. LIDMOD designed detention area for volume/peak flow control with 20.2% of total area by hybrid design. LID can also efficiently reduce pollutant load from land cover. Pollutant loads from post-development without LID was much higher than those from pre-development with showing 37 times for BOD, 2 times for TN, and 9 times for TP. Pollutant loads from post-development with LID represented about 57% of those without LID. Increasing groundwater recharge reducing cooling and heating fee, creating green refuge at building area can be considered as additional benefits of LID. At the point of reducing runoff and pollutant load, LID might be important technique for Korean TMDL and LIDMOD can be useful tool to calculate unit load for the case of LID application.