• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.539-553
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• 2004

Up to the present time, many methods to estimate emissions from a particular diesel engines have wholly depended on the quantity of diesel fuel consumed. Then, the recommended emission factors were normalized by fuel consumption, and further total activity was estimated by the total fuel consumed. One of main purposes in the study is newly to develop emission factors for the railroad diesel rolling stock (RDRS) and to estimate a total amount of major gaseous pollutants from the RDRS in Korea. Prior to develop a Korean mode emission factor. the emission factor from the USEPA was simply applied for comparative studies. When applying the USEPA emission factors, total exhaust emissions from the RDRS in Korea were estimated by 28,117tons of NOx, 2,832.3tons of CO, and 1,237.5tons of HC, etc in 2001. In this study, a emission factor for the RDRS, so called the KoRail mode (the Korean Railroad mode) has been developed on the basis of analyzing the driving pattern of the Gyeongbu-Line especially for the line-haul mode. Explicitly to make the site specific emission factors, many uncertainty problems concerning weighting factors for each power mode, limited emission test, incomplete data for RDRS, and other important input parameters were extensively examined. Total exhaust emissions by KoRail mode in Korea were estimated by 10,960tons of NOx, and 4,622tons of CO, and so on in the year of 2001. The emissions estimated by the USEPA mode were 2.6 times higher for NOx, and 1.6 times lower for CO than those by the KoRail mode. As a conclusion, based on the emission calculated from both the USEPA mode and the KoRail mode, the RDRS is considered as one of the significant mobile sources for major gaseous pollutants and thus management plans an(1 control strategies for the RDRS must be established to improve air quality near future in Korea.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 2010

Amended at the Law of indoor air quality management open a court according to the test method and excess standard of the fluid building material were changed. It used the paint and the putty in the fluid building material from this research and comparison of amended and original method it led and in about change direction of amended standard with change of the emission rate who is caused by in the amended test method and excess standard it examined. The reduction emission rate about 45% decreases in the change of test period of the paint, there was not an effect of the emission rate whom it follows in change of dry time. Also change of the emission rate whom it follows in change of application quantity the product which above $5\;mg/m^2h$ has the high emission rate the change of the emission rate is big but there was not change of the emission rate from the products of that others. The putty the emission rate about 61% decreases in case in the change of test period, there was not an effect of the emission rate whom it follows at dry time. The emission rate about 164% increased with increase of application quantity. It tried to compare two test methods, it compared in the paint and putty all current test method it was relaxed the possibility of knowing the thing there was a standard.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2009

Since the seventies and the oil crisis, energy-saving measures have led to a reduction in the ventilation of room. The use of synthetic materials which emit various chemical substances had led to an increase in the concentration of indoor pollutants. "Sick building syndrome (SBS)" and "Sick house syndrome (SHS)" are worldwide problems. Also, the number of complaints about indoor air pollution caused by VOCs (Volatile organic compound) and HCHO (Formaldehyde) has increased. It is important that evaluating and understanding emission of indoor air pollutant from building materials. The object of this study was to evaluate emission test method for flooring such as wood based flooring, carpet tile, rubber tile, PVC sheet and tile, and to determine emission of TVOC and form-aldehyde. The quantity of TVOC and carbonyl compounds emission were sampled and measured by Tenax TA and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MSD), 2,4-DNPH cartrige with ozone scrubber and high performance liquid from flooring. The TVOC concentration emitted from carpet tile was ($7.419\;mg/m^2 h$) the highest among 5 groups of test materials. In wood based flooring and PVC tile, the emitted concentration of toluene was high. And the dodecane emission was highest in carpet. The concentration of TVOC decreased by an increase in emission test period. After 7 days, the concentration of TVOC from floorings were about 50% below of the concentration at the first day. TVOC emission from wood based flooring, carpet tile, rubber tile, PVC sheet and tile were decreased in 28 days and remained steady after about 15 days. The concentration of formaldehyde emission from floorings showed extremely low.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.215-233
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to compare traditional productivity and environmental productivity of Chinese 28 provinces for 1997-2005. The Eastern, the Central and the Western regions show higher M productivity indices than ML productivity indices before 2000 year, but two productivity indices of three regions report almost similar levels after 2000 year. The M productivity indices were higher than the ML productivity indices in the most provinces for 1997-2005. It implies that the Chinese regional economies have difficulties in the production activity reducing pollutants and increasing desirable outputs simultaneously. In the future, the Chinese 28 provinces need to change the direction of economic growth in the way that pursuits economic growth restraining pollution emission quantities thoroughly and should improve the concrete investment for clean technology of pollutant treatment, reinforcement of environmental regulation, and effectiveness of enforcement law.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.2690-2698
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• 1995

Fuel atomization and mixture formation in an gasoline engine has influence on the engine performance and pollutant emission. The throttle valve installed in an intake system plays a greater role in control of mixture quantity in accordance with engine drive condition. In this study, the characteristics of secondary atomization developed at the downstream of the valves were observed using an image processing method. Two major kinds of valves, solid and perforated ones, are chosen in order to compare the valve performance with the experimental parameters of air flow rate, valve opening angle, and valve shapes. For the perforated valve, we can obtain the relatively small sized droplets, and nearly uniformed and dense distributed sprays with low loss coefficient than for the solid valve.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.807-814
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• 2006

Sapkyo Lake Watershed occupies about 19.3% of total area of Chungnam Province, and it is necessary to make a plan of counter-measure for the maintenance of public waterbody sound as well as to ensure water resources due to urbanization and industrialization in this area so densely populated and excessively developed. Conventionally water quality management has been enforced by concentration-based system which is not considered the carrying capacity of receptors, hence there are no proper measures for the prevention of an excessive pollutant load over a waterbody. So even though emission sources abide by the conventional permission regulation, then the quantity of wastewater is increased continuously and encountered water shortage to use finally. Therefore this research focused on the review of introduction of total water quality management system in Sapkyo Lake watershed to maintain public waterbody sound and to ensure water resources. By doing this research in introduction of the system in advance, it can contribute to establish the methodology on systematic water quality management. Also the application of this system in Sapkyo Lake watershed can promote the sustainable development of the area by harmonizing the environment and regional economy ultimately.

• Carbon letters
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• v.18
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• pp.49-55
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• 2016

Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) produced using municipal solid waste was pyrolyzed to produce RDF char. For the first time, the RDF char was used to remove aqueous copper, a representative heavy metal water pollutant. Activation of the RDF char using steam and KOH treatments was performed to change the specific surface area, pore volume, and the metal cation quantity of the char. N₂ sorption, Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the char. The optimum pH for copper removal was shown to be 5.5, and the steam-treated char displayed the best copper removal capability. Ion exchange between copper ions and alkali/alkaline metal cations was the most important mechanism of copper removal by RDF char, followed by adsorption on functional groups existing on the char surface. The copper adsorption behavior was represented well by a pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum copper removal capacity was determined to be 38.17 mg/g, which is larger than those of other low-cost char adsorbents reported previously.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.3740-3747
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• 2009

To protect the citizens' health of Gyeongju and to secure basic data for the assessment of health and environmental risk, distribution characteristics of meteorological elements were investigated and numerical simulation of wind field using RAMS model was carried out. In addition, measurement and analysis of air pollutants, forecasting the behavior air pollutants using ISC-AEROMOD view, and health and environmental risk-influenced zones were defined through managing air polluting materials to prevent health damage and property damage. According to the survey results of air pollution in Gyeongju and surroundings, average annual concentration of air pollutants in Gyeongju was slightly lower than that in Pohang and Ulsan areas, but concentration of particulate matters and nitrogen dioxide at Gyeongju Station Square and Yonggang Crossing were sometimes higher than that in Pohang and Ulsan areas. Results of the modeling of moving and diffusion of air pollutants that affect citizens' health showed that parts of the 1st through 4th industrial complexes together with POSCO were included in particulate matters and sulfur dioxide influenced areas in Pohang Steel Complex area, and that Haedo-dong, Sangdae-dong, Jecheol-dong and Jangheung-dong in Pohangnam-gu represented locally worsened air quality due to a quantity of air pollutant emission from dense steel industries and large scale industrial facilities.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.3C
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• pp.159-165
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• 2010

The problems such as natural resource exhaustion, pollutant emission and waste generation are increasing worldwide with the industrial development. The quantity of the industrial by-product in Korea is 6 million tons a year, and even its basic treatment processes including landfill, incineration and storage have reached their limits. In this study, fly ash and silica fume were applied to shotcrete to develop a method for the reuse of resources and to increase the use of fly ash, which is an industrial waste. An environmental hazard evaluation is a must to actively address the worldwide environmental problems, though. Therefore, an environmental impact assessment was conducted using the chemical content analysis test and heavy metal exudation test, for ten mixtures that were obtained through the pre-mixing and compressive strength tests. The results of the compressive strength test showed that all mixtures satisfied national and international standards. Cr, Cd and Hg were not detected, and Pb was detected only in some cases with fly ash. Cu and As were detected in all mixtures, but all of them satisfied national and international standards.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.283-294
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• 2004

Air quality in the livestock waste compost pilot plant at the Colligate Livestock Station was assessed to quantity the emissions of aerial contaminants and evaluate the degree of correlation between them for different operation strategies; with the ventilation types and agitation of compost pile, in this study. The parameters analyzed to reflect the level of air quality in the livestock waste compost pilot plant were the gaseous contaminants; ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and odor concentration, the particulate contaminants; inhalable dust and respirable dust, and the biological contaminants; total airborne bacteria and fungi. The mean concentrations of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and odor concentration in the compost pilot plant without agitation were 2.45ppm, 19.96ppb, and 15.8 when it was naturally ventilated, and 7.61ppm, 31.36ppb, and 30.2 when mechanically ventilated. Those with agitation were 5.50ppm, 14.69ppb, and 46.4 when naturally ventilated, and 30.12ppm, 39.91ppb, and 205.5 when mechanically ventilated. The mean concentrations of inhalable and respirable dust in the compost pilot plant without agitation were 368.6${\mu}g$/$m^3$ and 96.0${\mu}g$/$m^3$ with natural ventilation, and 283.9${\mu}g$/$m^3$ and 119.5${\mu}g$/$m^3$ with mechanical ventilation. They were also observed with agitation to 208.7${\mu}g$/$m^3$ and 139.8${\mu}g$/$m^3$ with natural ventilation, and 209.2${\mu}g$/$m^3$ and 131.7${\mu}g$/$m^3$ with mechanical ventilation. Averaged concentrations of total airborne bacteria and fungi in the compost pilot plant without agitation were observed to 28,673cfu/$m^3$ and 22,507cfu/$m^3$ with natural ventilation, and 7,462cfu/$m^3$ and 3,228cfu/$m^3$ with mechanical ventilation. They were also observed with agitation to 19,592cfu/$m^3$ and 26,376cfu/$m^3$ with the natural ventilation, and 18,645cfu/$m^3$ and 24,581cfu/$m^3$ with the mechanical ventilation. It showed that the emission rates of gaseous pollutants, such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and odor concentration, in the compost pilot plant operated with the mechanical ventilation and with the agitation of compost pile were higher than those with the natural ventilation and without the agitation. While the concentrations of inhalable dust and total airborne bacteria in the compost pilot plant with the natural ventilation and with the agitation, the concentrations of respirable dust and total airborne fungi in the compost pilot plant with the mechanical ventilation and agitation were higher than those with the natural ventilation and without the agitation of compost pile. It was statistically proved that indoor temperature and relative humidity affected the release of particulates and biological pollutants, and ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were believed primary malodorous compounds emitted from the compost pilot plant.