• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2003년도 제10차 국제학술회의 및 추계정기 학술발표회
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• pp.46-46
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• 2003

An important function of pollen aperture is believed to be regulating the water balance of the pollen when subjected to changes in humidity (Shukla, et al. 1998). It has been reported that mature barley pollen rapidly swells upon hydration and pollen tube emerges in a few minutes of germination (Anthony and Harlan, 1920). Although, there could be other factors responsible for rapid hydration of pollen. However, K is widely known for its rapid action as an osmotic regulator (Heslop-Harrison and Heslop-Harrison, 1996). In the present study, changes in K distrbution were traced during different stages of pollen maturation in barley. The existence of K at the aperture area of matured pollen may possibly play other import physiological roles. For example, K is reported to be an essential constituent of pollen germination and even required in higher concentration for pollen tube growth(Fan et al., 2001). These results suggest that there could be a possible relationship between K, located at the aperture area and rapid uptake of water by pollen.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.337-340
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• 1999

장기 저장한 사과 화분의 활력을 측정하기 위하여 기본배지와 fluorescein diacetate(FDA)를 첨가한 배지를 slide glass 위에 얇게 도포한 후 기내발아율을 조사한 결과, FDA를 첨가한 배지에서는 화분 발아가 저하되었다. 따라서 FDA 용액을 이용한 형광염색반응법으로 사과 화분의 활력을 측정할 수 있는지 구명하기 위하여 10%의 sucrose 용액을 slide glass 위에 한방울 떨어뜨린 후 0.002%의 FDA를 첨가한 곳에 화분을 치상한 결과, 형광반응이 일어나는 치상 후 30분 경에 활력이 있는 화분은 자외선하에서 명확히 형광을 나타냈다. 기내발아율과 형광반응률을 측정한 결과, 39개월 장기 저장한 사과의 화분도 활력이 감소하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 같은 방법으로 조사한 품종별 화분의 활력은 '후지' 와 '천추'가 가장 높게 나타났으며 '쓰가루'는 중간 정도, '조나골드'는 낮게 나타났다. 형광염색반응법에 의한 형광반응률은 대체로 기본배지에서의 발아율과 비슷하게 나타났으나 3개월간 저장한 '천추'의 화분은 형광반응률이 발아율보다 다소 높게 나타났다. 형광반응률과 발아율은 높은 정의 상관을 보여 형광염색 반응법에 의해 장기 저장 사과 화분의 활력을 편리하고 정확하게 측정할 수 있었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.443-448
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• 2001

본 연구는 황기의 생식과 관련하여 자.웅배우체의 발육과정과 화분의 발아 특성을 밝혀서 품종 육성의 기초 자료로 활용하고자 수행한 바, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 화분의 발육은 화뢰 길이가 3.5mm정도에서 화분모세포가 형성되어 4mm 정도 신장할 때까지 감수분열 및 동형분열하여 4분자기로 되었다. 2. 화뢰의 길이가 10mm정도 되면 성숙화분이 형성되고 12mm정도에서 개약하는 경향이었다. 3. 화분은 4$^{\circ}C$ 및 -4$^{\circ}C$ 저장시에는 저장후 30일 경에도 발아율이 양호 하였으나 상온(23~28$^{\circ}C$)에서는 저장후 3일부터는 발아력이 3%이하로 저하되었으며 발아속도도 저하되었다. 4.대포자의 형성시기는 소포자(화분)와 거의 비슷한 시기로 화뢰의 크기가 10~12mm에서 완전히 성숙하며, 꽃이 개화 되기전 화분의 미개약시에 자예는 수정 능력이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 1967

In the present experiment the amino acid composition in the pollen of Pinus taeda and Pinus rigida and methbolic changes of the composition occurring in germinating pollen were examined by the method of paper chromatography. The results obtained in this study are as follows. 1. The mature pollen of Pinus taeda and Pinus rigida contained 12.00%, 13.19% crude protein respectively and sixteen protein-constituting amino acids and three unknowns were detected on the chromatogram. 2. Main components of the protein-constituting amino acids were leucines, valine, alanine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid. 3. The free amino acids such as leucines, valine, tyrosine, alanine and glutamic acid increased evidently during germination of the pine pollen.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.633-639
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• 2013

딸기의 잿빛곰팡이병과 흰가루병을 방제하기 위해 개화기에 살균제 처리가 요구된다. 최근에 딸기에 등록된 살균제들이 딸기 화분 발아에 미치는 영향은 거의 알려지지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 in vitro 상에서 딸기 3품종의 화분에 대한 24종의 살균제와 6종의 친환경자재에 대해 발아에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 딸기의 화분은 18% sucrose agar 배지에서 $25^{\circ}C$로 처리되었을 때 쉽게 발아되었으며, '설향', '매향', '금향'의 평균 화분 발아율은 각각 15.3, 18.4, 30.7%을 보였다. Pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, dichlofluanid, iminoctadine tris, sulfur는 무처리구 대비 93.8% 이상의 화분 발아 억제가를 나타내었다. 반면, simeconazole과 procymidone 살균제의 화분 발아율은 영향이 가장 적었다. 이 in vitro 검정 결과는 딸기 재배농가의 개화기 살균제 선정에 대한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.231-235
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• 1996

작약(芍藥) 화분(花粉)의 형웅(形熊)와 화분발아능력(花粉發芽能力)에 관한 실험을 수행(遂行)한 결과를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 작약(芍藥)의 화분형태(花紛形態)는 주(主)로 장타원형(長楕圓形)이었으며 작약화분(芍藥花粉)의 화분(花粉) 발아률(發芽率)은 71% 정도로 타계통보다 낮은 편이었다. 2. 꽃봉오리 상태에서 화분은 개화 10일전까지는 관찰되지 않았으나 개화전(開花前) $7{\sim}9$일 부터 관찰되었고 개화기(開花期)가 가까울수록 정상화정비률(正常花精比率)과 화분(花粉) 발아률(發芽率)이 높았다. 3. 작약화분(芍藥花粉)은 화분발아배지(花粉發芽培地)에서 치상(置床) 30분 후(後)부터 발아하기 시작하여 화분관(花粉管)이 신장(伸長)하였으며 약 2시간부터 3시간 사이에서 발아가 거의 완료(完了)되었다. 4. 화분(花紛)의 수명(壽命)은 저장기간(貯藏期間)이 경과(經過)할수록 단축(短縮)되었는데 상온(常溫)저장시 저장 8일에 51%. 15일에 25% 31일에는 전혀 발아되지 않았고 $5^{\circ}C$와 -$15^{\circ}C$에 15일 저장시는 각각50%, 55%가 발아되었으며 95일 저장에서도 각각 48%와 43%로 높은 발아율을 나타내어 $5^{\circ}C$냉장(冷藏)과 $-15^{\circ}C$냉동(冷凍)에서는 작약화분(芍藥花粉)의 장기저장(長期貯藏)이 가능(可能)하였다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.172-172
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• 2017

Pollen germination and its' viability in bellflower hybrid system are of great importance. The present study was conducted to investigate the several factors underlying the pollen germination of Platycodon grandiflorum and obtain the basic data for effective artificial pollination for the production of sound specifies. The pollens of Platycodon grandiflorum started germination from one hour after planting, and the germination was actively progressed as time dependent manner. For lighting conditions, the germination of pollens under the light was faster by more than twice than that without the light. Furthermore, the germination was better in the high temperature rather than in the low temperature. The germination rate was higher in the $30^{\circ}C$. For the carbon source, the germination rate was better at the concentration of 15% regardless of the kinds. In particular, the highest value was observed with glucose. The germination rate was decreased substantially as the increasing with the higher pH. The dynamic germination of pollens was observed at the pH 5. With respect to the growth regulator, the higher concentration of NAA induced the higher the germination rate. $GA_3$ showed a good germination rate in $0.05mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Meanwhile, for kinetin, lower concentration increased the germination rate, unlike NAA. The higher concentrations of boric acid degraded the germination rate, and the addition of boric acid of $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ demonstrated higher germination rate than the addition of other growth regulators. Notably, the addition of asparaginic acid exhibited the similar results in all test sectors regardless of concentration, whereas a little higher result was observed in the high concentration sector. Taken together, the results concluded that the boric acid was considered as one of the essential minerals that played an important role on the germination of pollens.

• Plant Resources
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.87-90
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• 2005

In tobacco, in vitro pollination has been successfully applied to overcome interspecific incompatibility. The use of this technique will make it possible to introduce DNA into pollen tubes just before fertilization. In this study, we showed improvement of the efficiency of in vitro self-pollination and introduction of foreign genes into pollen tubes by the method of polycation. A plasmid harbouring the GUS gene was introduced into pollen grains and pollen tubes, which had incubated on pollen germination medium(PGM), by polyornithine method. Transient expression of the GUS in pollen grains and pollen tubes that were treated with 0, 2, 5 and $10{\mu}g/m\ell$ DNA was observed. In results, combination of the techniques of polyornithine and in vitro pollination was efficient new technique for genetic transformation through fertilization processes.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.170-170
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• 2017

The highly valued ornamental plant, Platycodon grandiflorum for. duplex was generated by petaloidy of a calyx of Platycodon grandiflorum. The present investigation was executed to explore the several factors having effects on the germination of pollens with a view to acquire the underlying data for the artificial crossing to cultivate the species of Platycodon grandiflorum for. duplex. Both low and high temperature impaired the germination of Platycodon grandiflorum for. duplex pollens. The good germination rate was observed at the temperature of $25^{\circ}C$. The types and concentrations of carbon sources induced the differences in germination rate. The germination rate increased with the increasing concentration of sucrose and glucose except for fructose. Sucrose and glucose showed the highest results at the concentration of 20%. While fructose demonstrated the similar tendency to sucrose and glucose, it reduced the germination rate at the concentration of 20%. The highest germination rate was observed at the concentration of 15%. The appropriate carbon course for germination of pollens of Platycodon grandiflorum for. duplex was glucose of which germination rate was twice as high as that of sucrose and fructose. The germination rate was reduced substantially when the pH was close to alkali, and the potential germination rate was obtained at pH 6. Boric acid enhanced the germination rate at a lower concentration than the higher concentration.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.151-154
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• 2002

Conditions for lily pollen growth in vitro and transformation were optimized. Active pollen tube development was achieved effectively in a medium containing 7% sucrose with pH adjusted to 5.7 at the temperature of 27$^{\circ}C$ for about 16-24 hours. Pollen growth was little impaired by the presence of kanamycin at concentration up to 100 mg/L. Pollen rains near the beginning of germination stage were more reliable for Agrobacterium-mediated GUS DNA transformation via vacuum infiltration lasted for 20-40 minutes. GUS DNA integration and its expression in fully developed pollen tubes could be confirmed by Southern blot hybridization, RT-PCR and histochemical staining.