• Acta Via Serica
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.29-59
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• 2019

As 'a total social fact,' drinks and drinking may serve as a lens through which we can view a distant society. Although not frequently discussed, drinking vessels serve the same function for accessing a past world hidden or forgotten behind written records. The present article is an art history attempt to seek a cultural link between liquor vessels used in medieval Korea and the political and social change of the period. The Goryeo period (918-1392) saw an unprecedented abundance of drinking vessels in various forms and decorations. Goryeo artisans and craftsmen produced ewers, pitchers, flasks, bottles, and others in addition to the pre-existing shapes of vessels mainly consisting of jars and bowls. I argue that this sudden burst of creativity during the Goryeo period was closely related to Goryeo's constant and diverse contacts with foreign powers. Their zone of international connections was not confined to the Chinese world, as we have commonly presumed. Even before the Mongol intervention, Goryeo was in contact with regions beyond East Asia through the northern nomadic states. Khitan Liao was recorded as having worked as a kind of international intermediary to link the Chinese and Islamic worlds. This medieval global culture became a norm in Goryeo society when it became an important part of the Mongol Empire. These nomadic powers brought global trends to Goryeo, and foreign drinks were among them; kumis, araq, and grape wines are just three cases of them discussed in this article. The change of alcoholic drinks led to, or was accompanied by, a new range of drinking vessels. Three types of ewers, familiar to East Asian consumers but foreign in their origin, are discussed in the main text to highlight such social change. Three more cases of drinking cups are also presented. The article shows that medieval Korean society was far more open to international art and culture than our usual understanding, and in their drinking vessels, Goryeo culture embraced global trends reaching China, the Islamic world and Europe.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.45-69
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• 2009

본 연구는 다원화된 한국사회의 사회통합 및 갈등해소를 위한 방안을 사회적 자본에서 찾고자 하였다. 이를 위해 사회적 자본을 (1) 일반적 타자에 대한 신뢰, (2) 국가 공공영역에 대한 신임, (3) 연줄망과 연결망을 포괄하는 네트워크, (4) 공동체 의식으로 구분하였고, 사회적 자본이 잠재된 갈등의식을 나타내는 갈등잠재지수에 어떤 영향을 미치고 있는지를 실증적으로 분석하여 다음과 같은 사실을 발견하였다. 첫째, 일반적 타자에 대해 신뢰가 높은 사람은 사회통합 지향적 경향을 보여 주었다. 둘째, 국가 공공영역의 절차적 공정성 및 민주적 운영을 신뢰하고 있는 사람들 역시 사회통합 지향적 경향을 보여 주었다. 하지만 특정 정권에 대해 신뢰가 높은 사람은 오히려 갈등 지항적 경향을 보여주었다. 셋째, 폐쇄적 연줄망을 활용하는 사람들은 갈등지향적인 반면, 개방적 연결망을 활용하는 사람들은 사회통합 지향적이었다. 넷째, 공동체규범의 내면화 정도는 사람들의 사회 통합적 지향성과 아무런 관련이 없었다. 이러한 결과들이 갖는 함의는 다음과 같다. 다원화된 한국사회의 실질적 사회통합을 위한 사회적 자본은 학연, 혈연 지연과 같은 전통적인 폐쇄적 연결망에 기반한 것이 아니라, 익명의 일반적 타자들에 대한 신뢰와 느슨하게 연결된 개방적 연결망에 기반해야 한다. 또한 실질적 사회통합은 공정한 국정운영 시스템에 대한 신임에 기초해야 하는 것이지, 특정 기관 혹은 정파에 대한 맹목적 신뢰에 기초해서는 안 된다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.643-663
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• 2008

우리나라의 농촌지역은 급속한 산업화, 도시화과정 속에서 소외되어 왔을 뿐만 아니라 최근 세계화/지방화 과정에 따른 급격한 경제, 정치적 변화 속에서 더욱 심각한 위기 상황을 맞게 되었다. 이로 인해 농촌지역의 지역사회복지에 대한 보다 적극적 관심이 요청된다. 경북 고령군의 복지정책은 최근 크게 확충되었지만 여전히 그 수준은 낮은 편이고, 지역사회복지계획은 과거에 비해 체계화되었지만 급변하는 현실 여건을 제대로 반영하지 못하고 있다. 또한 적실한 복지서비스가 제대로 전달되지 못함에 따라, 복지수요 대상자수는 오히려 증가하고 있다. 이와 같이 전반적으로 낮은 지역사회복지를 향상시키기 위하여 지역사회복지를 위한 통합적 접근과 궁극적으로 지역공동체의 복원 등을 기본 방침으로 설정하고, 지역사회 내에 산재한 자원들의 동원체계 구축, 지역사회복지 수요자와 제공자간 연계 및 복지관련 기관 및 시설들 간의 네트워크체계의 구축, 그리고 지역사회복지를 개선하기 위한 재정확충 방안의 모색 등을 주요 과제로 설정할 필요가 있다.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.95-123
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• 2014

최근 과학기술의 사회적 역할이 증대되는 한편 창조경제의 실현 등 혁신주도형 과학기술정책으로의 패러다임 전환에 효율적으로 대응하기 위해서는 과학기술 관련 법제들의 체계적인 정비가 필요하다. 특히, 과학기술기본법은 국가과학기술정책 추진에 관한 기본규범이자 총괄규범으로서 이와 같은 시대 및 환경의 변화에 맞도록 그 체계와 내용을 발전적으로 재정비할 필요가 있다. 현행 과학기술기본법은 2001년 1월 제정된 이후 수차례에 걸쳐 개정되어 현재에 이르고 있다. 그러나 그동안의 개정은 정부조직개편 및 과학기술정책 심의조정기구의 운영체계변화 등에 따른 것이 중심이 되었으며, 변화된 환경 및 시대적 요구에 따른 정책사항들을 종합적으로 반영하는 데는 미흡하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현행 과학기술기본법이 시대와 환경의 변화에 적합한 정책총괄규범으로서 역할과 기능을 수행하도록 하기 위하여 필요한 개정 방안을 검토 제시하였다. 연구 결과 현행 과학기술기본법은 법체계적인 측면에서 기본법으로서의 위상에 걸맞도록 장 절 체계를 확대 재정비하고, 규율내용적인 측면에서는 규범내용의 포괄성, 규범집행의 실효성, 총괄규범으로서 개별법령과의 연계성 및 기본법으로서의 정합성이 확보되도록 관련 규정을 신설하거나 보강하는 것이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국기록관리학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.55-86
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• 2015

본고의 목적은 1894년부터 1910년까지 한국과 일본 공문서관리시스템의 중층적 종속적 구조를 밝히는 것으로, 기록사료학적 관점에서 분석하고자 한다. 연구대상 시기는 일제가 한국의 기록관리제도를 장악하여 조선을 침탈해가던 시기로서 그 내용은 일본내각과 군부가 대륙침략전쟁을 위하여 한국에 구축한 인프라 관련 기록과 통감부 설치와 관련하여 결재된 원본문서이다. 특히 일본제국이 청일전쟁 동학농민전쟁을 진압하기 위해 전주를 중심으로 한 전북지역에 전략적으로 구축한 인프라기록을 중심으로 검토하였다. 이를 위해 갑오개혁기와 통감부시기에 걸쳐 일본정부가 한국을 지배하기 위해 작성한 정책 예산 인사 결정 관련 상위레벨의 결재 원본 출처와 편성 실태를 밝히고, 한국 내각과 통감부가 작성한 하위레벨 공문서 실태를 분석하였다. 그 결과 본 논문에서는 이 시기 한국의 공문서관리제도는 일국사적 관점에서만 고찰해서는 안되며, 한 일간 수직적 연관구조 속에서 중층적이고 종속적인 시스템 속에서 파악해야 한다는 점을 제기하였다.

• 박물관과 연구
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• 제1권
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• pp.74-95
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• 2024

4세기 중반 황해도 봉산군에서 발견된 장무이묘에서는 많은 수의 명문전들이 발견되었다. 2023년에 국립중앙박물관에서 여러 차례 실견회를 가진 결과, 명문전은 총 10개의 유형으로 파악되었다. 본고에서는 장무이묘의 명문전에 기록된 내용과 그 작성 의도를 파악하기 위해 먼저 전체 문구들을 자세히 해석하였다. 그리고 이를 통해 명문전들의 각 문구가 갖는 상관관계와 전체 문장의 기재 순서도 대략적으로나마 파악할 수 있었다. 이 명문전들은 내용상 무덤의 조영에 대한 정보를 외부 관람자에게 보이려는 의도로 제작되었다고 생각된다. 특히 조주부(趙主簿)로 칭해진 화자가 장무이묘의 조영에 관여하였음을 전하고 있는데, 이는 서진·동진대에 묘주의 가족이 아닌, 정치·사회적 인연으로 고분 조영에 참여한 인물들이 제작한 명문전들과도 비교된다. 4세기 중반 당시 낙랑·대방군 고지 내에는 고구려의 허용 속에서 중국인 사회의 전통에 따른 장의(葬儀) 문화가 나타나고 있었다. 그리고 고분 내에 표현된 벽화·묵서, 명문전 등 외부에 공개된 다양한 전시물들은 묘주 일가가 이주민 집단과의 정서·지향을 공유하는 가운데, 서로 간의 결속을 강화하려는 목적과 관련 있다. 장무이묘에서 발견된 명문전들의 내용 역시 바로 그러한 맥락 속에서 기재된 것으로 볼 수 있다.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제9호
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• pp.171-193
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• 2010

This paper examines Fernand Khnopff's Symbolism, focusing on the I Lock My Door upon Myself as a manifesto of his artistic credo in style and theme. Its title was originally in English, originating from the poem "Who Shall Deliver Me?" by Dante Gabriel Rossetti's sister Christina Rossetti. I use the term "Social Symbolism" which combines a nationalist perspective with traditional French Symbolism, in order to explain how the image of Bruges is represented in his oeuvre. Symbolism calls for psychological introspection evoking death, love, silence, and solitude and recluse from realty in pursuit of the Unknown and the Ideal. Although Khnopff shared this idea, he departed from symbolist tradition by incorporating a political milieu in his paintings. First, I discuss Khnopff's early stage in the formation of his artistic concept, including his family background as well as his early opportunity to visit the Exposition Universelle in Paris where he formed his early interests in aesthetics, philosophy, literature, mythology and Egyptian art. His early works, La Painture, la Musique, la Poesie(1880-1881), Le Crise(1881), and En ecoutant Schuman(1883) reveal his favorite subjects which were quite prevalent in the symbolist traditions of both Belgium and France. By looking at Khnopff's paintings, I endeavor to situate his Symbolism in the context of the development of Belgian modernity and cultural nationalism. Second, my analysis of Khnopff creates a new overview of Symbolism in Europe, especially in Belgium. In the absence of socio-political integration, the Symbolist painter adds nostalgic meaning to the landscape of Bruges. The scene of Bruges illuminates the social atmosphere in Belgium at that time. Since Belgium became an independent country, it tried to differentiate its own cultural and national identity from France. There was a powerful social movement for Belgium to claim its own identity, language, and culture. Bruges was, for Symbolists, the epitome of Belgium's past glory. This encouraged the formation of Belgian nationalism centering on Brussels, as I demonstrate in Khnopff's Bruges-la-Morte(1892). The relationship between Symbolist artist and writers is crucial for understanding this development. Khnopff, for instance, illustrated or provided frontispieces for many Symbolist writers such as Rodenbach, Peladan, Spencer and Le Roy. Khnopff did not objectify the exact meaning, but rather provided his own subjective interpretation. In this respect, I Lock My Door, inspired by Rossetti, started from the same motif, but Khnopff seeked escape into silence and death while Rossetti searched for Christian salvation. Finally my paper deals with the social context in which Khnopff worked. He was a founding member of Les XX in 1883 and later La Libre Esthethetique he also participated in the exhibition of le Salon de la Rose + Croix. Les XX was not a particular school of art and did not have a uniform manifesto, but its exhibitions focused on decorative arts by encompassing art for all people via common, everyday objects. The Periodical, L'art moderne was founded to support this ideal by Edmond Picard and Maux. Les XX declared art as independent art, detached from all official connections. Khnopff designed the 1890 catalogue cover of Les XX and the 1891 cover. These designs show decorative element of Art Nouveau in an early example of "modern poster." Les XX pursued all art including graphic arts, prints, placard, posters and book illustrations and design. These forms of art were l'art social and this movement was formed by the social atmosphere in Belgium in terms of social reforms and strikes by working class. Khnopff designed the book cover for la Maison du Peuple. The artist, however, did not share the ideal egalitarianism of the working class to a certain degree, while he was working in his villa he designed under the ideal motto, "on n'a pas que," he expressed the nihilistic emotions toward society by the theme of interiority such as solitude, silence, narcissism, introspection, and introversion. In the middle of his Symbolism, we find the "cultural nostalgia" or longing that the artist develops in the I Lock My Door upon Myself. Khnopff's longing toward the lost city of "Bruges" form the crux of his "Social Symbolism."

• 국제지역연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.77-106
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• 2010

카자흐스탄 권력 엘리트와 씨족정치 논의의 핵심이 된 후견-수혜적 네트워크의 문제는 흔히 주즈라는 지역 및 혈통적 연결망이라는 틀을 기본으로 구성되거나 적어도 그의 상당한 영향을 받는다고 주장되어 왔다. 하지만 최근의 정치적 변화와 권력관계의 재편 과정에서 주즈 논쟁은 권력 엘리트의 부상을 설명하는데 한계가 적지 않다는 지적이 제기되고 있다. 본고는 씨족 정치 논의의 한계를 지적한 후, 핵심 권력으로 진출 면에서 상대적으로 밀려난 것으로 평가된 소주즈 출신의 엘리트에 대한 사회 배경을 중심으로 면밀한 관찰을 시도하였다. 그 결과 주즈 내부의 씨족 및 부족적 출신 배경을 권력 엘리트로 성장하는 결정적 요소라고 판단할 근거가 약함을 알 수 있었다. 카자흐스탄 엘리트 현상은 구체적인 역사 상황의 산물이다. 유목 전통 사회에서 엘리트 부상의 주요 고려점이었던 씨족적 배경은 독립 이후 현대 엘리트를 분석하는 불변의 틀이 되기 어렵다. 더욱이 2000년 이래 카자흐스탄은 신권위주의 체제의 기반이 된 대통령 영향력의 절대적 강화와 권력 내부 집단의 재편, 그리고 이들의 결정에 따라 사유화를 비롯한 경제적 변화를 경험하고 있다. 이러한 상황의 변화가 권력 엘리트의 성격에 심대한 영향을 미치고 있음은 재론할 필요가 없다. 특히 전통적으로 소주즈의 비중이 컸던 경제 분야에서 씨족적 연대가 다양한 요인들과 얽히며 자신의 모습을 드러내는 현상은 카자흐스탄의 엘리트 편제는 항상 카자흐스탄의 정치 경제적 변화의 산물임을 보여준다.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제17권
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• pp.197-225
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• 2004

The respective history of the Chinese Ancient Dynasties from the era of the ancient Emperors to the revolutionary era of Yin-Zhou殷周 was described in the Rongchengshi容成氏, one of the texts in Shanghai Bowuguan zang Zhanguo Chuzhushu(II)上海博物館藏戰國楚竹書(二) discovered in 1994 at an antique market in Hong Kong. Drawn from the historical explanations expressed in it, the anonymous author's own views on history could be observed as largely being composed of 'resignation'禪讓, 'usurpation'簒奪, and 'banishment/smite'放伐. Following the advent of the recently excavated bamboo slips of Rongchengshi, a careful reconsideration is urgently needed to the established interpretation on the origin of the ritual of resignation in the relevant academic circles. Because it shows us that the ritual of resignation as a way of the succession, judging from my analysis, was already realized by Nine Emperors('Rongchengshi', Zunlushi尊盧氏, Hexushi赫胥氏, Gaoxinshi高辛氏, Cangjieshi倉頡氏, Xuanyuanshi軒轅氏, Shennongshi神農氏, 渾沌氏, and Baoxishi包羲氏 and maybe the more) before the era of 'Yao-Shun'堯舜. Accordingly, the aforementioned fact, which has never been elaborated in the previous texts including the first Chinese historiography Shiji史記, is the only peculiar feature to the Rongchengshi itself. Thus, a simple but empirically important question could be raised here: Was this way of description an exceptional case, even as unaccepted in Warring States Period at that time? If then, the Rongchengshi could not but help being evaluated merely as a buried historical texts, without any influence on the ancient Chinese, along with its author. The Chu bamboo slips Tangyu zhi dao唐虞之道 from Guodian Chujian郭店 excavated in 1993, however, has a very similar content to the Rongchengshi in relevance to the historical existence of the ritual of resignation. From the sentence, expressed in Tangyu zhi dao, that "the sudden rise of 'Six Emperors'六帝 was due to the practice of resignation like the period of Yao-Shun", it could be easily presumed that the 'Six Emperors' was closely connected to the 'Nine Emperors' and maybe the more at that time. Comparing with the related extant literary texts and the excavated materials in a vigorous way, in this paper, I explore four significant questions from a more critical stand to the conventional studies. First of all, I explicate the distinctiveness of the Rongchengshi as an academically very precious materials. Secondly, and closely related to the above, I evaluate its status or significance in the history of the Chinese ancient thoughts. And thirdly, I make an endeavor to trace back to the date of its transcription. Finally, and the most crucially, I attempt to show what Schools it was originated from and what connections it had with the Schools in the acient China. In sum, some concluding remarks, having somewhat insightful and significant implications for the further studies in these issues, could be drawn from my exploration. Viewing from the historical perspective of thoughts, at first, the legend of Ancient Dynasty's Succession before Yao-Shun Era in the Rongchengshi had some interactions directly and closely with Zhangzi莊子, Muzi墨子, Guanzi管子, Xunzi荀子 and Tangyu zhi dao. Also in doing search for the unification in a transitional epoch from the late to the end of the Warring States period, the political stand of Shi士 and Ke客 was reflected in it as well as in the Tangyu zhi dao because they actively wanted to suggest the most appropriate model of the Emperor or the idealistic succession process and political realms.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.101-123
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• 2012

Currently, Social Media, it has widely a renown keyword and its related social trends and businesses have been fastly applied into various contexts. Social media has become an important research area for scholars interested in online technologies and cyber space and their social impacts. Social media is not only including web-based services but also mobile-based application services that allow people to share various style information and knowledge through online connection. Social media users have tendency to common identity- and bond-attachment through interactions such as 'thumbs up', 'reply note', 'forwarding', which may have driven from various factors and may result in delivering information, sharing knowledge, and specific experiences et al. Even further, almost of all social media sites provide and connect unknown strangers depending on shared interests, political views, or enjoyable activities, and other stuffs incorporating the creation of contents, which provides benefits to users. As fast developing digital devices including smartphone, tablet PC, internet based blogging, and photo and video clips, scholars desperately have began to study regarding diverse issues connecting human beings' motivations and the behavioral results which may be articulated by the format of antecedents as well as consequences related to contents that people create via social media. Social media such as Facebook, Twitter, or Cyworld users are more and more getting close each other and build up their relationships by a different style. In this sense, people use social media as tools for maintain pre-existing network, creating new people socially, and at the same time, explicitly find some business opportunities using personal and unlimited public networks. In terms of theory in explaining this phenomenon, social capital is a concept that describes the benefits one receives from one's relationship with others. Thereby, social media use is closely related to the form and connected of people, which is a bridge that can be able to achieve informational benefits of a heterogeneous network of people and common identity- and bonding-attachment which emphasizes emotional benefits from community members or friend group. Social capital would be resources accumulated through the relationships among people, which can be considered as an investment in social relations with expected returns and may achieve benefits from the greater access to and use of resources embedded in social networks. Social media using for their social capital has vastly been adopted in a cyber world, however, there has been little explaining the phenomenon theoretically how people may take advantages or opportunities through interaction among people, why people may interactively give willingness to help or their answers. The individual consciously express themselves in an online space, so called, common identity- or bonding-attachments. Common-identity attachment is the focus of the weak ties, which are loose connections between individuals who may provide useful information or new perspectives for one another but typically not emotional support, whereas common-bonding attachment is explained that between individuals in tightly-knit, emotionally close relationship such as family and close friends. The common identify- and bonding-attachment are mainly studying on-offline setting, which individual convey an impression to others that are expressed to own interest to others. Thus, individuals expect to meet other people and are trying to behave self-presentation engaging in opposite partners accordingly. As developing social media, individuals are motivated to disclose self-disclosures of open and honest using diverse cues such as verbal and nonverbal and pictorial and video files to their friends as well as passing strangers. Social media context, common identity- and bond-attachment for self-presentation seems different compared with face-to-face context. In the realm of social media, social users look for self-impression by posting text messages, pictures, video files. Under the digital environments, people interact to work, shop, learn, entertain, and be played. Social media provides increasingly the kinds of intention and behavior in online. Typically, identity and bond social capital through self-presentation is the intentional and tangible component of identity. At social media, people try to engage in others via a desired impression, which can maintain through performing coherent and complementary communications including displaying signs, symbols, brands made of digital stuffs(information, interest, pictures, etc,). In marketing area, consumers traditionally show common-identity as they select clothes, hairstyles, automobiles, logos, and so on, to impress others in any given context in a shopping mall or opera. To examine these social capital and attachment, we combined a social capital theory with an attachment theory into our research model. Our research model focuses on the common identity- and bond-attachment how they are formulated through social capitals: cognitive capital, structural capital, relational capital, and individual characteristics. Thus, we examined that individual online kindness, self-rated expertise, and social relation influence to build common identity- and bond-attachment, and the attachment effects make an impact on both the willingness to help, however, common bond seems not to show directly impact on information sharing. As a result, we discover that the social capital and attachment theories are mainly applicable to the context of social media and usage in the individual networks. We collected sample data of 256 who are using social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Cyworld and analyzed the suggested hypotheses through the Structural Equation Model by AMOS. This study analyzes the direct and indirect relationship between the social network service usage and outcomes. Antecedents of kindness, confidence of knowledge, social relations are significantly affected to the mediators common identity-and bond attachments, however, interestingly, network externality does not impact, which we assumed that a size of network was a negative because group members would not significantly contribute if the members do not intend to actively interact with each other. The mediating variables had a positive effect on toward willingness to help. Further, common identity attachment has stronger significant on shared information.