• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1998.04a
• /
• pp.40.2-40.2
• /
• 1998

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.373-377
• /
• 2009

Poliovirus, coxsackievirus, and ecovirus isolates from environmental sources were compared with laboratory strains to determine their removal rate in the water treatment process. The recovery efficiencies of poliovirus, coxsackievirus and echovirus using positive strains ranged from $72{\sim}108%$. Regarding virus removal efficiency in water treatment of pilot-plants, about 99% of all of the viruses were removed in the sedimentation step and 100% of viruses were clearly removed through post-ozonation and BAC filteration. Using six cell lines tested viral sensitivity in cell line and showed different sensitivity as viruses. Polioviruses showed higher sensitivity in the BGMK cell line than other cells, and coxsackieviruses were detected in higher level in the BGMK and Vero cell lines. On the other hand, the RD cell line was useful in the isolation of ecoviruses.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.197-205
• /
• 2003

We detested waterborne enteric viruses from the raw water and tap water in Busan metropolitan city by the total culturable virus assay of EPA standard method. According to the results of survey from July 2001 to November 2002, thirteen out of twenty one in raw water samples were positive (61.9%) for enteric viruses and all of the treated water and tap water samples were negative. The enteric viruses in raw water were mainly distributed through the summer to the earl y winter, suggesting the seasonal characteristics of virus distribution in water The titer of enteric viruses per 100 liters of the raw water was ranged from 1.92 to 9.70 MPN by TCVA-MPN program. The isolated viruses were identified as either human poliovirus type 1 or enteroviruses by the immunofluorescent assay.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.1018-1023
• /
• 2005

Simplified procedure was developed for concentrating and detecting poliovirus and norovirus in oysters. Viruses were seeded into oyster tissue homogenates and concentrated through polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, chloroform or Freon extraction, with additional PEG precipitation. Amount of viruses was evaluated using poliovirus plaque assay. Virus recovery during concentration procedure was approximately 16.4-26.0%. For defection, viral RNAs in oysters were examined using one-step RT-PCR after extraction with Trizol. Dilution or capturing of viral RNA using silica gel membrane allowed viruses to be detected by RT-PCR, whereas viruses could not be removed using $QIAshredder^{TM}$ Homogenizer, which is effective in removing RT-PCR inhibitors in lettuce and hamburgers. Freon extraction, generally used to concentrate viruses found in food, could be substituted with chloroform extraction using this procedure; no difference could be observed between detection limits of whole oyster extracts and digestive organ extracts indicating that RT-PCR inhibitors were distributed evenly throughout whole tissues. Nested PCR greatly improved efficiency of this procedure. Overall, this procedure could remove sufficient amount of inhibitors to allow detection of norovirus in oysters.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.484-489
• /
• 2000

Enterovirues may cause gastrointestinal symptoms, cold, and fever, mainly in young children. They are also recognized as important agents in acute infections of the central nervous system such as meningitis and encephalitis, and in subacute and chronic infections of the cardiovascular system such as pericarditis, myocarditis and cardiomyopathy. They also can lead to postviral fatigue syndrome. For the detection of enteroviruses from the environmental samples, the combined cell culture-polymerase chain reaction (CC-PCR) technique was employed. In contrast to EPA standard method which mainly depends on the cell culture, it involved the use of cell culture, followed by PCR to improve the sensitivity and the accuracy of the test. According to the results of survey, from 1999 to 2000, for the presence of enteroviruses in the surface water samples from Nak-dong river, four out of twelve samples were positive for viruses. The titer of viruses in the surface water was ranged from 25 to 250 MPN. All of the viruses isolated were poliovirus type I with 98% nucleotide sequence homology. The result also clearly suggests the seasonal difference in the distribution of the waterborne enteroviruses in surface water because most of the viruses were mainly detected from the summer through the early autumn.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 2021

Eukaryotic translation is initiated by either cap-dependent or cap-independent way, and the cap-independent translation can be initiated by the internal ribosomal entry site (IRES). In this study, to know whether the 5'UTR leader sequence of marine birnavirus (MABV) segment A and segment B can act as IRES, bicistronic vectors harboring a CMV promoter-driven red fluorescent gene (mCherry) and poliovirus IRES- or MABV's leader sequence-driven green fluorescent gene (eGFP) were constructed, then, transfected into a mammalian cell line (BHK-21 cells) and a fish cell line (CHSE-214 cells). The results showed that the poliovirus IRES worked well in BHK-21 cells, but did not work in CHSE-214 cells. In the evaluation of MABV's leader sequences, the reporter eGFP gene under the 5'UTR leader sequence of MABV's segment A was well-translated in CHSE-214 cells, indicating 5'UTR of MABV's segment A initiates translation in the cap-independent way and can be used as a fish-specific IRES system. However, the 5'UTR leader sequence of MABV's segment B did not initiate translation in CHSE-214 cells. As the precise mechanism of birnavirid IRES-mediated translation is not known, more elaborate investigations are needed to uncover why the leader sequence of segment B could not initiate translation in the present study. In addition, further studies on the host species range of MABV's segment A IRES and on the screening of other fish-specific IRESs are needed.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.15 no.5 s.72
• /
• pp.696-702
• /
• 2005

Ozonation is a disinfection technique of harmful mi-crobes commonly used in the treatment of drinking water. And Biological Activated Carbon (BAC) treatment also provides numerous benefits for drinking water utilities, including removal of micro- pollutants, improved treatment processes. The multiful-stage ozonation and BAC play roles as effective methods for removing several materials in raw water. Water quality variation in Nak dong river and the removal efficiency of viruses by ozonation-BAC process were investigated on pilot scale. During the period of survey, most of water quality parameters including $NH_{4}^{+}-N$ were highly improved after passing through the BAC. The removal efficiency of poliovirus type III in water treatment process using pilot-plant,$ 99.6\% $ of viruses were removed by pre-ozonation, sedimentation and sand filteration process, $ 100\% $ were removed after in BAC filteration step. In the removal survey of viruses by ozonation, ap-proximately $ 61.1\% $ or polioviruses were inactivated by ozone of 0.4 mg/l within 5 min. and $ 100\% $ were inactivated by ozone of 0.8 mg/l over 10 min.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.289-293
• /
• 2001

Incidence of infectious viruses is ensuing throughout the world and threatening the health of children as well as adults. The outbreaks of viral diseases of alimentary tract in Pusan from 1998 to 2000 were detected. Viruses were isolated from stool specimens, cerebrospinal fluid and throat swabs from suspicious patients and confirmed by cell culture, latex agglutination test, indirect immunofluorescent test and electron microscopic observation. The average isolation rate was 12.5% from the suspected specimens. From this work, 2 cases of enteric adenoviruses, 23 cases of echovirus, 31 cases of coxsackivirus 36 cases of rotavirus, 45 cases of SRSV, and 7 cases of poliovirus were detected. The major serotypes of coxsackievirus were B2, B3, B4, B6 and echovirus of serotypes 6, 9, 11, 25, and 30 were examined. Two cases of enteric adenovirus type 41 were also confirmed. The incidence of SRSV was mostly concentrated between December through following March, April through October with echovirus and coxsackievirus, and January through April with rotavirus, respectively. Electron micrograph of negative-stained viruses showed typical appearance with 30-80 nm in diameter.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.64 no.12
• /
• pp.602-607
• /
• 2021

In April 2020, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety licensed a hexavalent combined diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis (DTaP), inactivated poliovirus (IPV), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugated to tetanus protein, and hepatitis B (HepB) (recombinant DNA) vaccine, DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB (Hexaxim, Sanofi Pasteur), for use as a 3-dose primary series in infants aged 2, 4, and 6 months. The DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB vaccine is highly immunogenic and safe and provides a long-term immune response based on studies performed in a variety of settings in many countries, including Korea. This report summarizes the Committee on Infectious Diseases of the Korean Pediatric Society guidelines for the use of this newly introduced hexavalent combination vaccine.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.125-130
• /
• 1993

The araC prodrugs (1~5) carrying a special acyl group at 5'-Ο-or $N^4$-position were evaluated for in vitro antiviral activity against various human viruses. When tested against HSV-1 and HSV-2 cultured in the verso cells, the prodrugs exhibited slightly higher $ED_{50}$ values compared with one of the parent araC but showed more increased $CC_{50}$ values in all cases. Consequently the overall selectivity indexes of prodrugs were higher than that of arab. The prodrugs, except compound 5, exhibited very potent activity similar to that of araC ($ED_{50}$ about $0.12{\mu}g/mι$) when evaluated against another human DNA virus, cytomegarovirus. However, theses araC prodrugs were completely inactive against RNA viruses i.e. poliovirus and coxackie B3 virus at the concentration of 4250{\mu}g/mι.$