• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.438-447
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• 2012

The objectives of this research are: to provide fundamental data for tourism policy and investigate medical tourism attributes by IPA(Importance-Performance Analysis) to attract Japanese medical tourists to Korea. Utilizing Japanese medical tourists as subjects of inquiry, this study evaluated the importance of medical tourism selection attributes and the rate at which these attributes were performed. Consequently, this study deduced 'convenience, service quality, differentiation, approximation' factors by factor analysis as well as the ranking among each selection attributes using T-test. The importance-performance analysis showed 'Concentrate Here' in quadrant I, 'Keep up the Good Work' in quadrant II, 'Low Priority' in quadrant III and 'Possible Overkill' in quadrant IV. The results show that "Concentrate Here" part in quadrant I is reservation procedure rapidity and information system simplicity. This means that these attributes are very important but they indicate low performance. Thus, concentration among tourism managers should be focused along these attributes. The study, then, suggests that employee who speaks Japanese fluently should be arranged during reservation procedure. Furthermore, Japanese class should become mandatory during basic employee training to improve reservation procedure rapidity. Moreover, clinic websites should concentrate on accessibility of Japanese users in such a way that they can consult their needs on line. Finally, managers should find diverse ways to bring about good service rapidly and conveniently.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.250-256
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• 2014

This study was carried out in order to seek social support direction by allowing them to recognize necessity of preparing for their stably old age life and by inquiring into the preparation for old age life targeting dental hygienists who work at dental clinics. It sent questionnaire by post to dental hygienists of 1,560 dental clinics, which were sampled with a stratified sampling method, and then conducted a cross-sectional study based on self-administration. As a result of a problem of being worried in old age life, the ratio with the response as saying of being 'economy' was indicated to be the highest. The ratio of financial preparation for old age was shown to be high with 84.3%. Its method was the highest in 'fixed deposit and installment savings' with 62.6%. The satisfaction with financial preparation for old age stood at averagely 2.60, thereby having shown to be dissatisfied. It was shown to be low with 2.97 in the mean score of physical preparation for old age life, 3.59 in emotional preparation, and 2.56 in preparation for leisure. In conclusion, the satisfaction with financial preparation for old age life in our country's dental hygienists was low. Even the physical, emotional, and leisure-based preparations were shown to be low. Hence, it is considered to be likely needed to be planned preparation for old age life from the 30s. Also, for this, Korean Dental Hygienists Association needs to positively develop several kinds of programs such as education, policy and system for old age life following these people's retirement.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2015

Purpose - This is a comparative study of the market development and characteristics of Ulsan in South Korea, Fukuoka in Japan, and Yanji in China, which are major East Sea Rim cities with adjacent areas of similar natural characteristics of the sea and the country. Particularly, it considers these aspects while focusing on the evolution of networks that appear in the distribution system and at the same time examining the institutions of market activation and regulations that are handled by the central and the local government and the changing logistics due to the development of transportation and the concern of food safety, using a meso-analysis approach. Research design, data, and methodology - The study used a historical and comparative approach with a focus on case studies. It made use of various materials such as local newspaper articles, reports, literature, interviews with experts, discussions with local merchants, discussions with customers, and so forth. Results - In the case of Fukuoka, from the 1960s, due to the entry of supermarkets, supermarkets expanded and they have now come to a dominant market position in the current market. They offer a convenient and comfortable environment while providing a large mall offering a variety of educational and cultural activities for customers to meet the customers' needs, such as the preferences of Korean tourists, who appear to prefer Japanese foods. The Fukuoka City Central Wholesale Market has been exporting fruits and vegetables as well as seafood products to Korea, China, and so forth. In the case of Ulsan, as in the early 2000s, due to the expansion of supermarkets, the traditional markets have been shrinking and further, the modernization of traditional markets was conducted under the auspices of the Small Business Administration. In addition to the large discount malls, the expansion of SSM is expected to further drive the small trader bay. Shopping malls, department stores, and traditional markets contend with each other in Yanji, China, but a large number of citizens appear to prefer traditional markets and imported milk in the supermarket after the melamine scandal in China. Recently, the WanYuan (萬源) wholesale market has been partially completed and made an attempt to become a logistics hub in Northeast Asia. Conclusions - For the development of Korea's retail industry, it is important to offer the government with proposals regarding desired regulation. On the other hand, in order to enable the business of traditional markets, it requires an association for cultural tourism. At present, it would be better to provide a venture fund for the youth rather than infrastructure support. This study emphasizes the importance of institutions and policy to develop networks in the East Sea Rim. Future studies should conduct a survey on customers, managers, and merchants more carefully and systematically to understand the market situation while considering the size of the city and its evolution of markets, as well as policies and institutions.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.35-44
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• 2003

Considering possible legal and policy problems with regard to the Cheju Strait, a central issue is whether the Cheju Strait should be treated as Korean territorial sea or an international strait The claim that the strait is territorial sea has been based on the use of a straight baseline method of dermarcation With the use of straight baseline, Korea claims that the breadth of the Cheju Strait is only 20.7 miles at its narrowest point and therefore the strait becomes the territorial sea of Korea. The consideration cf marine pollution has weighed heavily in claiming the Cheju Strait as territorial sea. Pollution resulting from the accidents cf tankers caused by fire, collision, or stranding in the Cheju Strait and the Korea Strait would be enormous, affecting the entire coastal waters of the south coasts cf Korea's mainland and Japan's Tsushima Islands areas. Catastrophic pollution in the Cheju Strait could also come from the accidents cf large-size oil tankers passing through the Korea Strait from the Malacca Strait Although the Korean government considers the geographic and socioeconomic conditions sufficient to justify Korea's claim of the Cheju Strait as territorial sea, it believes that declaring it so would raise considerable legal conflicts with maritime states. In view of the legal difficulties and the need to meet the problems arising from the growing vessel traffic in the Cheju Strait, the sea lanes and traffic separation schemes may be considered an alternative to the internationalization of the Cheju Strait Even if the Korean government dose not do so, the regime of innocent passage should be applied to vessels passing through the Strait and should not suspend innocent passage through the Strait. Therefore, the Korean government needs to have a more legal, pragmatic, functional and managerial approach than a purely sovereign and selfish approach to the solution of legal matters of the Cheju strait For this purpose, the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea would serve as a guide and also self-restraint and cooperative approaches would become norms governing the resolution of the law of the sea issues in the Cheju Strait.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.179-188
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• 2015

This study reviewed the type of the project and developmental plan related to ocean energy development in the coastal land boundaries and the ocean, and suggested the efficient scoping method through the diagnosis of the key items of environmental impact assessment (EIA) in the coastal area. The major projects are the construction of tidal power plant, tidal current power plant, and offshore wind power plant in the public water, and also those are the construction of solar power plants in the coastal land boundaries. While the project plans on a large scale such as the construction of tidal power plant, it is important to consider both property of usefulness of the designated areas and harmony analysis with marine space availability based on the adequacy of the site selection and relevance of plan with the master plan for reclamation and strategic environmental assessment (SEA). And also it needs to be considered the careful checkup on the EIA checklist referring to the type of project, effective post-monitoring, and suggestion of mitigating methods to minimize the environmental impacts during the stage of actual environmental impact assessment. Introduction of a system of integrated marine environmental impact assessment should be considered for reasonable and effective manage to developmental projects on the marine spatial area.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.152-161
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• 2014

This paper aims to analyze qualitative, quantitative and kinds's satisfaction of donated food of low-income users and to propose reasonable suggestions to food assistant policy. The results of analysis are as follows. First, satisfaction level of quantitative is the lowest. Second, the quantitative and kind's satisfaction level of donated foods in the demographic characteristics show generally higher satisfaction level in the case charter or lent and poor health condition. The satisfaction level of donated foods in the economic characteristics show generally higher satisfaction level in the case low cost of living and foods. In general, low-income users in harsh environments show higher satisfaction all areas. Third, the result by features and satisfaction of food donated by the impact factor analysis, food market user's satisfaction of food is high more than food bank. In order to meet needs of various users, operational bodies need to put more efforts such as diversifying promotional strategies and developing programs and local and central government should effectively formulate welfare budget to support such efforts.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.501-518
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Sodium intake is positively associated with blood pressure, which may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, we assessed the disease burden of CVD attributable to sodium intakes above 2,000 mg/day and prospectively investigated the association between dietary/urinary sodium levels and the risk of all-cause and CVD-mortality using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES). SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 68,578 and 33,113 participants were included for comparative risk assessment (CRA) analysis and mortality analysis, respectively, and mean follow-up time for mortality was 5.4 years. CRA analysis was used to quantify attributable incidences of stroke, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and deaths attributable to sodium intake between 1998 and 2016. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to determine the association between sodium intake and all-cause and CVD-mortality. RESULTS: Mean dietary sodium intake decreased over time, reaching 3,647 mg/day in 2016. Similarly, the population attributable fractions of stroke and IHD, and the number of CVD-associated deaths attributable to high sodium intake/excretion also decreased. In terms of association with mortality, when participants were grouped into quartiles (Q) by energy-adjusted sodium intake, those in Q2 had a lower risk of all-cause mortality than those in Q1 with lower intakes. The risk of CVD-associated mortality was higher only in females with high sodium intake in Q4 than those in Q1. CONCLUSIONS: This nationwide data indicates that, in line with previous studies of multiple cohorts, both low and high sodium intakes may be associated with an increased risk of mortality; therefore, the optimal sodium intake for Koreans needs to be revised.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.25-33
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• 2012

Purpose - The Garak agricultural wholesale market ('Garak Market') plays a central role in the distribution of agricultural products in Korea and is important in connecting consumers with producers. However, problems regarding inefficiencies and the high-cost structure of the wholesale market's distribution/logistical system are being raised in relation to severe competition among retailers. Furthermore, the service needs of retailers and market users are not being fulfilled due to the inconsistency of the wholesale market's functions and facilities, thus reducing the competitiveness of the market. In this regard, innovative changes are being requested of the agricultural wholesale market according to changes in the agricultural product distribution environment. In particular, the lack of unloading facilities and the outdated unloading system of the wholesale market must be improved to enhance system efficiency. Research design, data, and methodology - This study observed the problems of the unloading system of the agricultural wholesale market in order to present relevant measures for improvement. The need for unloading auctions was also researched in this study. The survey of 70 forwarders belonging to the producing district distributor association of the Garak market was conducted by post. Additionally, 20 auction dealers and 59 shippers and transporters were individually interviewed. The survey on the need for unloading auctions used five-point Likert Scales. The statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS WIN 12.0 software. Results - First, the wholesale market must employ members of the unloading labor union to allow these employees to directly manage the unloading process. Second, it is crucial to revise regulations to ensure that the principal agent pays the unloading cost according to the standard unloading cost system. Third, the vehicle auction carried out for certain vegetable products must be converted to the unloaded auction system. According to the related interviews with the wholesale market's distribution agents, whereas shippers and transporters recognized the need for unloaded auctions, auction dealers tend to have a negative view of this system. Furthermore, the stated reasons in favor of unloaded cabbage, radish, and other vegetable auctions were prevention of constraint, creation of transparent trade conditions, and reduction of corrected seller tickets. Many of the respondents answered that the transport cost reduction rate in unloaded auctions must be below 20%. Fourth, the unloading system must be mechanized and a detailed, reasonable plan must be provided to settle the existing conflict with the unloading labor union. Conclusions - The proposals in this study are expected to play an important role in improving the cargo handling system of the wholesale agricultural product market in the future. Improving the system is expected to help shore up the competitiveness of the industry. If all the related bodies closely cooperate with each other and work harder, taking advantage of the synergies created by the facility modernization project, the Garak market will play a pivotal role in the distribution of agricultural products.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2017

Purpose - This study focuses on long-term orientation that can lead long-term partnership. A long-term orientation needs a trust and relation commitment between company. So in this study, the researcher conducts a dependent variable as a justice recognition and brand asset value to research model to find out casual relationship among quoted factors. Research design, data, and methodology - The focus of this study was employees who work in a liquor distribution company to figure out factors that effect on long-term relationship in b2b transaction. The development of the research model is based on the literature of the preceding research analysis of justice recognition, brand asset value, trust, relation commitment and long-term orientation. This study have constructs that defined operationally by previous studies, research model design that to figuring casual relationships among the quoted factors. From 2016 Sep. 1st to Oct. 30th, a questionnaire survey was conducted targeting employees who work in liquor distribution company. 176 survey data were used for empirical analysis to prove the research hypotheses. Results - The main results of this study's empirical methodology were as follows. First, procedural justice and interactive justice has a positive significant effect on trust and relation commitment. Also brand image, brand awareness and perceived quality has a positive significant effect on trust and relation commitment. Second, trust and relation commitment has a positive significant effect on long-term orientation. Every hypothesis adopted as the researcher designed for empirical study. Conclusions - Based on empirical results, this study confirmed that trust and relation commitment has empirical relationship with long-term orientation. Based on the analysis, the researcher provided managerial implication by setting 2 way path for making long-term orientation with business company. First path is procedural justice to relation commitment. It contains that procedural justice recognised while business transaction execution, consideration intension and relation development will happen in b2b. Second path is perceived quality to trust. It contains that the perceived quality recognised while business transaction execution, trust will increase rapidly. So when a business company wants to make a partnership, they have to consider procedural justice and perceived quality to make a long-term relationship.

• Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

From 2004 to 2013, the annual investment for the ICT sector in Korea amounted to about 3.2 trillion won. Depending on whether the government policy allowed for budget increases and/or decreases, this impacted the investment in the ICT sector. In particular, the fixed costs of operation and maintenance lead to a reduced chance for a new potential demands in IT programs. Even though a situation may exist that there are insufficient funds available, there is a need for building a sustainable long-term IT investment management system. The purpose of this study is to conduct basic research for the arrangement of preparation to meet IT needs required in the public sector. For this, this paper introduces the concept of IT Investment Management based on prudent forecasting. After both foreign and domestic relevant cases are reviewed, implications will be derived from the aforementioned cases. Through this process, the direction of IT Investment Management based on forecasting for the IT projects decision making will be suggested. These research results could be used for helping to develop better policies and a more efficient management of the public sector IT budget.