• Title/Summary/Keyword: Policy Materials

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High-quality ZnO nanowire arrays directly synthesized from Zn vapor deposition without catalyst

  • Khai, Tran Van;Prachuporn, Maneeratanasarn;Choi, Bong-Geun;Kim, Hyoun-Woo;So, Dae-Sup;Lee, Joon-Woo;Park, No-Hyung;Huh, Hoon;Tung, Ngo Trinh;Ham, Heon;Shim, Kwang-Bo
    • Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.137-146
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    • 2011
  • Vertically well-aligned ZnO nanowire (NW) arrays were synthesized directly on GaN/sapphire and Si substrate from Zn vapor deposition without catalysts. Experimental results showed that the number density, diameter, crystallinity and degree of the alignment of ZnO NWs depended strongly on both the substrate position and kind of the substrates used for the growth. The photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of the grown ZnO NW arrays exhibit a strong and sharp ultraviolet (UV) emission at 379 nm and a broad weak emission in the visible range, indicating that the obtained ZnO NWs have a high crystal quality with excellent optical properties. The as-grown ZnO NWs were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electronic microscopy (HR-TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

A Study on the Amount of Carbon Emission of Organic Materials through Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) (전과정평과를 통한 유기농자재의 탄소배출량 산정연구 -유기질비료를 중심으로-)

  • Yoon, Sung-Yee;Kwon, Hyuk-Jun
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.23-38
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    • 2011
  • ● The current world is suffering abnormal climate caused by global warming. The main cause of global warming is greenhouse gas such as carbon dioxide. The carbon labeling system and carbon traceability system being pushed ahead in the agricultural sector is the policy for responding to climate change to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. To make this policy more effective and enhanced, the amount of carbon emissions should be calculated based on the kind of crops or the various businesses in the agricultural sector. Therefore, in order to estimate the accurate amount of carbon emissions, it is necessary to establish carbon dioxide emission intensity of various agricultural materials added onto the agriculture, and to calculate the amount of carbon dioxide emission for each crop according to agricultural production. The purpose of this study is to establish the amount of emission, emission per agricultural materials, of agricultural materials being added for crop production as a basic step, and emission intensity which can be used in the future market in order to estimate accurate amount of carbon emission in all the policies being promoted in the agricultural sector. Therefore, in this study, in order to build LCI D/B about organic fertilizers among many organic materials added onto the organic agriculture sector, one leading company in organic fertilizer production was selected and LCA was conducted for this leading company. We had to build the intensity and integrated average concept of intensity upon the two cases once production farmers for their own consumption and farms besides organic fertilizer company were categorized even if it's little amount. But in this study, individually produced organic fertilizers were excluded. Calculated results are following. Carbon emission of mixed expeller cake fertilizer in organic fertilizer was 1,106,966.89kg-$CO^2$ and emission intensity was 0.01606kg-$CO^2$, respectively. Total emission of mixed organic fertilizers was 241,523.2kg-$CO^2$ and emission intensity was 0.01705kg-$CO^2$. And total emission of organic compound fertilizers was 94,592.66kg-$CO^2$ and emission intensity was 0.01769kg-$CO^2$, respectively.

A Method to Measure Damage Areas on Railway Accidents by the HAZMATs types using GIS Spatial Analysis (GIS 공간 분석기법을 활용한 위험물질별 철도사고 피해규모 자동추출방안에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Min-Kyu;Kim, Si-Gon;Lee, Won-Tae
    • Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.35-42
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    • 2010
  • Due to the industrialization and urbanization, the transport of hazardous materials increases, which rises possibilities in occurring prospective accidents in terms of hazardous material transport as well. This study applied the model developed from the previous research to analyze the scale of damage areas from the accidents related to hazardous material accidents, as well as suggested a method to measure automatically the scale of accident including casualties and environmental damage based on the guideline which suggests the quantities of hazardous materials exposed from an accident and was defined in the study of standardization for hazardous material classification. A buffering analysis technique of Geographic Information System (GIS) was applied for that. To apply the model which evaluates the scale of population and exposure to environment on each link, rail network, zones, rail accident data, rail freight trips, and locations of rivers etc were complied as a database for GIS analysis. In conclusion, a method to measure damage areas by the types of hazardous materials was introduced using a Clip and a Special Join technique for overlay analysis.

A Journal-Article-Based Study on the Dynamic Characteristics of Innovation Sources of Advanced Metals Technology (논문정보를 활용한 첨단 금속재료기술 혁신원천의 동태적 특성 분석)

  • Chae Jae-Woo;Cho Kyu-Kab;Kim Jeong-Hum;Lee Yong-Tai
    • Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.1027-1059
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this paper is to analyze the dynamic characteristics of innovation sources such as scientific knowledges, processing technologies and user's needs in advanced metals technology. The journal articles data of four advanced materials are analyzed; amorphous metals, superplastic materials, shape memory alloys and aluminum-lithium alloy. Some regularities are found from the analysis of the four materials. The innovation proceeds through close interactions among the innovation sources. As the innovation proceeds, the relative importance of each source changes: scientific knowledge initiates the innovation and becomes the most important source in the first phase, then the processing technologies increase importance in the second phase, and then scientific knowledge, again, becomes the leading factor of innovation. Scientific knowledge and processing technology take turns leading the innovation. The impacts of users' needs to the innovation increase more and more as innovation proceeds. The results of analysis imply to the policy makers that emphasis of policy, and therefore the allocation of sources for innovation, should vary along the phases in the life cycle of advanced metals technology.

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A Study on Separated Collection and Recycling in Apartment Housing Areas in Taegu Metropolitan City (대구시 아파트지역의 분리수거 및 재활용에 관한 연구)

  • 우형택;곽형숙
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.153-167
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    • 1995
  • Recycling is receiving increasing social attention today as our nation begins to grapple with the significant problems caused by huge amount of municipal solid waste. The topic of recycling is not simple but extremely complicated. This study attempts to provide basic data and policy options for expanding and improving separated collection and recycling in public residential areas, through three case study of apartment housing areas in Taegu Metropolitan City. The main results of this study are summarized as follows. For the significant period of time, all three case areas had in common the extreme difficulty in establishing and operating the system of connecting public participation, collection and storage, transportation, and actual recycling of materials because of a variety of problems involved in this process. Both amounts of and prices for collected materials fluctuated considerably over time mainly due to monthly changes in recyclable home materials and the dynamic nature of recycling markets. Public questionnaire survey revealed the very high level of participation in separated collection, not only because almost all respondents well understood the necessity and importance of recycling, but because they also knew how to do separated collection. But overall activities were rated low and most respondents suggested the enlargement of public participation, the improvement of collection and storage facilities, and collection transportation networks. In particular, most respondents had little experience of using recycled Products and used mainly reproduced soap and bathroom tissue. Furthermore, they were considerably unsatisfied with low variety and quality of recycled products, their high prices and low availability in the market. Finally potential policy options and activities for improving separated collection and recycling are suggested.

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Policy Issues for Integrated Approach to Rural Regional Development (농어촌지역개발의 종합적 접근을 위한 정책 과제)

  • 임상봉
    • Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.90-101
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    • 1997
  • The objectives of the study are to identify the issues and problems encountered in Korea's current integrated rural regional development(IRRD) program and to suggest policy remedies to cope with them. Secondary data and materials ate mainly used for the study. Since the mid-1980s, rural settlement planning has been carried out in the Republic of Korea, In the planning process,'scale of economy'perspectives and settlement policy have been emphasized for increasing the efficiency of investment. During the 1990s, rural settlement and major village development projects have been implemented under the rural structure transformation programs. Agricultural structure adjustment projects for land consolidation and sizable farming have been separated from the rural settlement and mojor village development projects. Based on the evaluative analysis for the rural structure transformation policy and program, some problematic issues were raised as follows: (a) lack of integrative control function in the program'(b) weak linkage between living environment improvement and agricultural development projects: and (c) lack of comprehensive village development planning and implementation system. The policy issues to solve the problems were suggested as follows: (a) adoption of bottom-up approach in new IRRD planning and project system : (b) projection of comprehensive development planning and project at the village level; and (c) introduction of new regional agriculture development projects such as direct payment system for farming in less favorable areas and organic farming.

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A Study on Requirements for Facilities' Changes with the changes in Legislations and Education Curriculum of Infants (영유아 관련 법령 및 교육과정 변천 비교에 따른 시설 변화 요구사항 연구)

  • Jung, Eu-Gene;Oh, Byeong-Uk;Jung, Jin-Ju
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.3-11
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    • 2014
  • The policies is always changes according to the changing times, and changes take place in educational facilities welfare policy. Early childhood facilities, is no exception. Recent, increase in the number of kindergarten and kindergarten children according to policy changes of government's active welfare. This change in pattern, policy changes and increased support to know the impact on the community, and this is not just a simply agenda that they need to be recognized social change. In addition, it can be seen changes in relevant laws and educational process according to childhood policy change flow and depending on social change. In this study, comparative study infants and installation of the facility based on criteria, ensuring standards of early childhood facility site, facilities of evolution of infants care act, act infants, infants of activities safety management. And Standards and facilities that are required to change the direction of the revision is for the purpose of research through changes in kindergarten curriculum to respond the policies flow. Research methods are literature on the various laws and research analysts, leading comparison of different child care and child care policy changes in laws and regulations to review materials are analyzed.

An integral based fuzzy approach to evaluate waste materials for concrete

  • Onat, Onur;Celik, Erkan
    • Smart Structures and Systems
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.323-333
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    • 2017
  • Waste materials in concrete have been considered as one of the most important issues by the authorities, policy makers and researchers to maintain engineering serviceability in terms of economy, durability and sustainability. Therefore, evaluation and selection of waste materials with respect to multi criteria decision making (MCDM) for the construction industry has been gained importance for recovery and reuse. In this paper, Choquet integral based fuzzy approach is proposed for evaluating the most suitable waste materials with respect to compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, compactness, toughness (resistivity for dynamic loads), water absorption and accessibility. On conclusion, waste tyre and silica fume were determined as the most suitable waste materials for concrete production. The obtained results are recommended to assist the authorities on configuring well designed strategies for construction industry with disposal materials.

Characteristics of Advanced Materials Innovation and R&D Strategies for Korea (첨단재료의 기술혁신 특성과 한국의 연구개발전략)

  • 채재우;조규갑;김정흠
    • Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.492-507
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    • 2003
  • Material is enabling technology that creates the product performance and the service of most industrial sectors and fields of technology. However, compared to the other fields such as IT, BT, and NT etc., relatively little attention has been paid to the research on strategy and innovation of materials technology. This bias should have resulted in the misfit of policy and less than enough investment in materials innovation. This paper discusses the characteristics, process, and future of the materials innovation. The process and status of materials technology in Korea are analyzed based on the discussions above. Finally, some suggestions for R&D strategies of Korea are presented on the basis of the nature, trend and barriers of materials innovation.

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The study on the policy of systematical management of the records collected from abroad (해외소재 한국학관련 역사기록의 정보화 방안 연구)

  • Chung, Hye-Kyung;Kim, Sung-Sik
    • The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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    • no.1
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    • pp.137-188
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    • 2000
  • Korea was highly successful in maintaining a strong tradition of record preservation. However, Japanese imperialism and the Korean war over this century has seen a huge quantity of these once plentiful records either destroyed or relocated overseas. Many of Korea records remain in the custody of foreign archival institutions. Additionally, many records of foreign states concerned with korean affairs, for example, records of the Department of state, in the U.S.A., are of great relevance to Korean modern history. These records which exist in foreign countries are a necessary and invaluable resource in the advancement of Korea studies. After the 1980s, as research interest in Korean modern history increased gradually, much historical material related to Korea was extensively introduced, removed, collected from the U.S.A., Japan, Russia and China etc. by the efforts of pioneering scholars and institutions. Several attempts at collating and publishing this material have been made. Despite this encouraging result, individual scholars and institutions's efforts face problems in relation to removal of records. Firstly, it is repeated nonproductively to remove and collect the same records, for we didn't establish a comprehensive information system, through which the condition of foreign record removal and management is able to be administrated. Secondly, there is no system for arrangement, preservation, use of removed records. For example, finding aids, such as inventory, register, description, isn't prepared for user. A user may usually not understand an accurate context of their creation, preservation removal. Thirdly, almost institution has arranged the removed records among other materials and books. Each institution has a different classification criteria, too. These conditions seem to make a difficulty in national management. This study investigated how the materials for Korea history which has been removed from foreign countries should be managed for effective preservation and use. For these purpose, we investigated the present conditions of removal and management of these materials. Also, we investigated examples of the foreign state, U.S.A. and Japan to have a idea for removal and management policy. Then, This study propose a establishment of information network system as management policy. To administrate removing and managing records effectively, an idea that records belong to the public should be accepted commonly. The policy for management of the record is followings. Firstly, unification of classification is necessary. The records which were removed from foreign countries had better to be classified according to their origins of states and institutions. Secondly, Finding aids should be prepared for user. There are many accession aids such as catalog, register, inventory for user in archives. This will be a efficient method for management. When a record is removed, a card for description of contents must be composed. Thirdly, a digital input and network system establishment is necessary. It will help to manage a condition of removed records. A digital input and management system establishment is not just a project of digitalizing records. At present, various finding aids need to be introduced to make a database for records and archives. An search using only 'search engine' may make a difficulty in finding materials because such method is apt to have too much or little result. So, classification, arrangement, description, response-service should be integrated in these system. The recent technical advancement give a opportunity to realize this idea. Above all, these procedure should be archival process.