• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.3-22
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• 2010

The objective of this paper is to analyze why China's policy toward North Korea after the second North Korean nuclear crisis have plunged into the dilemma between pressure and inducement. This paper stress that dilemma between China's two aims toward North, that is, stability in Korean peninsula and North East Asia, and the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula that can explain China's inconsistent policies on North Korea. As North Korea publicly revealed the intention of nuclear development and China has played the mediator role for protecting its security, China's two aims toward North have faced the situation of a dilemma. Because China's two aims are directly related with stability in the neighbor that pursuit to perform 'economic development' since 1978, China's two aims toward North would not be changed easily. Therefore, as long as North Korea would not make an effort on denuclearization and China continually would maintain two aims on North, it will be continued a dilemma between China's policies toward North.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 2013

This paper reviews the characteristics of dilemma zone by analysing the influence exerted by actual location of intersection traffic signal on behaviour of drivers approaching signalized intersection in urban area. The analysis of approach speed was based upon a 'before and after' comparison, measured at three sites where the locations of traffic signals were changed. The study demonstrated that, when traffic signal changed to yellow, the scales of dilemma zone were narrowed in case of stopping cars by moving up the starting point of the dilemma zone due to lowered spot speed. On the other hand, in case of passing cars, the end points of dilemma zone were moved further out to the rear due to increased spot speed. Therefore, changing traffic signal locations could make an impact to increase intersection safety through reducing the scales of dilemma zone. This study also found that, in cases involving vehicles with similar approach speeds, spot speeds could be differentiated following the change of signal locations due to the fact that there can be greater differences in both braking point and deceleration rate. Thus, when considering the appropriate measuring of dilemma zone, 'spot speed' rather than 'approach speed' appeared to be more appropriate criterion.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.215-244
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• 2015

The 1993 U.S. Supreme Court decision on Daubert v. Merrel Dow Chemical, Inc. has changed the ways in which scientific evidence is evaluated for legal purposes. A new set of guidelines, called thereafter the Daubert Standard, that was intended to increase the judge's authority in determining the admissibility of scientific evidence in the court, turns out to have increased the burden of proof on the part of plaintiffs and have also considerably influenced the outcome of policy decisions in the regulatory areas. This paper analyzes the changes made in the relationship between science and law after the introduction of the Daubert Standard, examining the epistemological differences between its proponents and opponents. The judge's dilemma as a gatekeeper, this paper argues, is not simply that of an 'amateur scientist' seeking to learn and practice scientific knowledge per se. Rather, the dilemma ought to be that of an 'legal expert,' faithful to ethos of social justice without succumbing to the practical convenience of the Daubert Standard. This paper also suggests that there is much room for STS scholars to make contributions to the use of science in legal settings by conducting in-depth studies on court cases in the broad social and political context.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.39-47
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• 2018

This paper aim to propose and suggest for government to reinvent and re-steering the policy on the 4th industrial revolution in Korea. To do it, this paper annalize the advanced country's policies and hard-data sets from many international research institutes. So this paper emphasized the concept and frame of socio-technical system approach by Geels. According to this approach, this paper can get a conclusion that Korea government has to focus on the roles to solve the big social dilemma with high-tech tools from the 4th industrial revolution. And this paper point out the necessary of increasing the diversity and multidisciplinary in 4th industrial revolution policy of Korean government. These findings of this paper recommend for Korea to redesigns the governance mechanism and legislation platform and to design the future readiness.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.37
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• pp.109-130
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• 2014

In 1920s, Russian society was unstable and tremendous. After the 1917 Revolution, Russian government had initiated "New Economic Policy" embedded in a partial market system in these times. Also, Russian culture had been exposed to a new trend of culture, for instance, Russian Modernism. In the field of Russian literature, satirical comedy became very popular. One of famous satirical comedy writers was V. Mayakovsky who was trying to express his ideal society which consisted of both tensions and harmonies between the old and the new periods. In this context, V. Mayakovsky was recognized as a poet with futurism who loved to write a comedy expressing social suburbanity and governmental bureaucracy. His two comedies, "Bug" and "Bath" were his famous comedies, dealing with Russian modernistic historics and theatricality in 1920s. In this article, authors try to look into their artistic characteristics of 1920s Russian literature involving a new trend of social change, for instance, Grotesque and Tragicomic features. In the same context, this article focused on its inner dilemma of satirical comedy which had been existed in 1920s Russian literature.

• Journal of East Asia Management
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.43-64
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• 2022

Exploring innovations for latecomers to catch up has been a popular concern in industry and academia. Over the last decade, more and more East Asian latecomer firms have moved beyond imitation and are delivering innovative products and services to the market. However, the semiconductor latecomers from China have limited success in catching up with more mature semiconductor firms. Our study examines how semiconductor latecomers to break through the latecomer's dilemma by innovation and achieve catch-up. We use a single-case approach for the Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC) vertical development process to analysis its innovation path of catching up. The study's results showed that SMIC relied on the government's policy and funding support, and based on the strategic endurance of entrepreneurs, it persisted in technology R&D investment and independent innovation for 20 years. SMIC finally smashed the dilemma of latecomers and successfully achieved catch-up. With these findings, we believe that the path of catching up innovation for semiconductor latecomers should be equipped with independent innovation of technology, strategic leadership of entrepreneurs and support of government policies. As these factors are combined, latecomer firms' position is expected to rise and catch-up will become visible. Our study contributes to some enlightenment on the innovation path for latecomers in China and global semiconductors to achieve their catch-up.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.36
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• pp.149-173
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• 2014

This paper examines language policies of Ghana and Tanzania (former British Colonies) since independence. The view that language use in education is a problem for African countries is evident in the ever changing language in education policies in many African countries. Because of the inevitable multilingual situation in many African countries, there are unavoidable challenges in their quest to adopt a language policy that works for the entire country since it is not practical to adopt all the languages spoken in the country as Media of Instruction. Ghana is not immune to this challenge and has fallen victim to this tendency to change the language in education policy from time to time in an attempt to adopt a satisfactory policy which would yield the intended results. Tanzania, however, is one of the few African countries that have found a sustainable language in education policy since independence. Nonetheless, it has its fair share of challenges as a consequence of the perceived competition between Kiswahili and English as official languages. The paper discusses the challenges that both Ghana and Tanzania face against the background of colonization. The paper also offers a discussion on possible future perspectives for the two countries.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.17-32
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• 2020

This study analyzes the regulatory issues of stakeholders, the firm, the government, and the individual, in the data industry using the principal-agent theory. While the importance of data driven economy is increasing rapidly, policy regulations and restrictions to use data impede the growth of data industry. We applied descriptive case analysis methodology using principal-agent theory. From our analysis, we found several meaningful results. First, key policy actors in data industry are data firms and the government among stakeholders. Second, two major concerns are that firms frequently invade personal privacy and the global companies obtain monopolistic power in data industry. This paper finally suggests policy and strategy in response to regulatory issues. The government should activate the domestic agent system for the supervision of global companies and increase data protection. Companies need to address discriminatory regulatory environments and expand legal data usage standards. Finally, individuals must embody an active behavior of consent.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.56-84
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• 2014

ICT development has led the government to provide more personalized services which means that the government has to collect more private information to satisfy the information demand from citizen. It is a dilemma because the more tailored information services may arise conflict against the right of private information protection which is one of the side effect by ICT. In this study, we analyzed the case of NEIS which still represents the issue of privacy conflict among each stakeholder's perspectives. To analyze the case, we used the frame analysis which is used as a tool for analyzing the case of public conflict. Through the analyses and discussions, we found the policy implication for the future ICT policies which can mediate the conflict between a data opening and the protection of privacy. Finally, we suggest a new governance approach for the better ICT policy contrary to top-down approach.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.71-88
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• 2013

Probability of technology risk is expected to increase as the post catch-up innovation, characterized by high uncertainty and high risk, would dominate in the coming era of post catchup. Social controversy on online game as a post catch-up innovation is still ongoing, though the shutdown law was enacted by the government. Socio-technical vulnerability causing technology risk paradoxically arose from the world top-level ICT infrastructures and has been reinforced by developmentalism. While both the pros and cons of the regulation fail to recognize dilemma objectively, social cost is brought about and accumulated. With recognizing dilemma between technology innovation and risks, we can tackle technology risks and ensure responsible innovation in post catch-up era.