• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.63-71
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• 2005

The police have a responsibility to exercise the police authority in the sphere of peril prevention. Such right may be decided at their discretion. So, as a management according to the police's discretion is based on order and compulsion, it can not help infringing the rights of the people. Therefore, the exercise of the police authority has to be accompanied by a legal management policy according to the principle of legal reservation based on the principle of constitutionalism. This study is to find proper directions of the police function through preparing reasonable plans to guarantee freedom and rights of the people at its maximum while maintaining the public peace and order.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.3
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• pp.306-335
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• 2000

The desires for safety of body and life can be said to be fundamental and natural in human beings. But the rapid industrialization and urbanization phenomena in our modern society is accelerating the treand for increasing diverse social pathology. Rise of serious crimes such as robbery and rape has already become an especially serious social problem and is at the point of threatening our welfare and social order. But the police, which is primarily responsible for the maintenance of welfare and social order of the public, is unable to respond actively to the increasing demand for policing due to the lack of available manpower and overwork. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to look for a plan to actively respond to the daily increasing outcry for law and order so that the public may maintain safe and happy lifestyles without the threat of crime. One concrete and practical strategy is to resolutely separate and transfer some of the many functions of the police that can be handled by citizen organizations to those groups so that the police can be relied upon to become functionally efficient. This will decrease the work of the police, thereby allowing the police to concentrate on its inherent responsibilities. As its primary example, 'transferring the function of security' of the police to the private security industry is suggested in this thesis.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.1
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• pp.175-208
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• 1997

I study the actual condition and the problem of the crime prevention system of two seoul police station. that is operated on the unit of police box, and present the new improvement. Stragic and active is the new crime prevention system that introduces a concept of community oriented policing, the tendency of a developed country police. I present a medium - sized police station where 250${\sim}$300 policemen work. It consist of a patrol division, a community division and a administration support division. The chief of police bears the responsibility only for crime prevention service by concentrating on pure Patrol - centered crime prevention activity and community relation activity. Next I present a police inspector system. The most important on this paper is the community policing officer system that a policeman bears responsibility on district apart from a patrol division and support a police service related community. To be operated these systems effectively, these need to be regulated according to a police distinct, a police purpose and it's demand. Also a scale, function, authority of a existing. Police station must be regulated and the police training must be carried out.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.560-569
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• 2003

Background : A large number of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone influence on the body. These pollutants put a burden on the lung and the sequelae resulting from the oxidative stress are thought to contribute to the development of fibrotic lung disease, emphysema, chronic bronchitis and lung cancer. Also, carbon monoxide generated from the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing compounds is an important component of air pollution caused by traffic exhaust fumes and has the toxic effect of tissue hypoxia and produce various systemic and neurologic complications. The objective of this study is to compare the difference of pulmonary function and serum carboxyhemoglobin(CO-Hb) level between the traffic policemen and clerk policemen. Method : Three hundred and twenty-nine of traffic policemen, and one hundred and thirty clerk policemen were included between 2001 May and 2002 August. The policemen who took part in this study were asked to fill out a questionnaire which included questions on age, smoking, drinking, years of working, work-related symptoms and past medical history. The serum CO-Hb level was measured by using carboxyoximeter. Pulmonary function test was done by using automated spirometer. Additional tests, such as elecrocardiogram, urinalysis, chest radiography, blood chemistry, and CBC, were also done. Results : $FEV_1(%)$ was $97.1{\pm}0.85%$, and $105.7{\pm}1.21%$(p<0.05). FVC(%) was $94.6{\pm}0.67%$, and $102.1{\pm}1.09%$, respectively(p<0.05). Serum CO-Hb level was $2.4{\pm}0.06%$, and $1.8{\pm}0.08%$(p<0.05). After correction of confounding factors (age, smoking), significant variables were FVC(%), $FEV_1(%)$ and serum CO-Hb level(%)(p<0.05). Conclusion : Long exposure to air pollution may influence the pulmonary function and serum CO-Hb level. But, further prospective cohort study will be needed to elucidate detailed influences of specific pollutants on pulmonary function and serum carboxyhemoglobin level.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.10
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• pp.355-385
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• 2005

As the system of autonomous police that has been debated for long time is fixed to be introduced by the program of participatory government, this treatise intends to analyze main contents and review controversial items in order to present supplementary measures. The program of participatory government to introduce autonomous police in Korea focuses on converting the autonomous police of Korea from centralized police administration in order to provide 'customized security service' that is appropriate to the regional environment. Thus, if relevant city, county or district considers that it is required to introduce the system autonomous police, the assembly may enforce the decision by enacting ordinance. For enforcement, organization in the unit of section will be established in the line of mayor, county headman and district office. The main role will be security service that is closely related to the life of inhabitants such as crime prevention, patrol, traffic crackdown, etc. as well as public health, sanitation and environmental control which are being performed by autonomous organization at present. However some expected controversial items may be summarized in the following 3 points on the premise of accepting the program of government. First, the point at issue related to the basic function of police. The basic function of police is generally understood as order keeping function such as anterior and preventive job and law enforcing function such as posterior and suppressing job. By the way, the program of government does not endow the autonomous police with investigation right for general crime, thereby raising the controversy that our autonomous police is nothing but the assistant of police. Furthermore, the present national police also expresses its dissatisfaction to the transfer of authority. Second, the issue of balance of security service between self-governing bodies may be raised. The security environment is different between self-governing bodies and thus demand of security is different. Therefore, the security service of autonomous police will reveal difference in qualitative aspect for each self-governing body. Moreover, it can be easily anticipated that the quality of security service may be different as per the financial independence degree. Third, the point at issue anticipated with the operation funded by the budget of self-governing body. As autonomous police is operated by the budget of self-governing body, the following problems may be raised; (1) since police administration is subordinated to general administration, the concentration may be weakened (2) the cooperation between policy agencies may be impeded (3) owing to the difficult in possessing spare police, the mobility of police may be somewhat reduced.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.263-271
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• 2008

In the outwardly changing environment of public security these days, police administration faces the nation's request for qualitative improvement of police service and the new request of police reformation for changing function of police in Korea. The nation wishes police to provide service fairly. The issue most seriously mentioned in the reliability of police service is very large gap in the recognition of service quality between supplier and consumer. To get the trust of nation in delivering police service, the police must have justness, consistency, punctuality of delivery, propriety and efficiency. However, the recognition of citizen, the consumer of police service is more important. How to correspond to the nation's request to police needs to be decided by evaluating the quality of present police service. It is necessary to be interested in what customer wants so as to evaluate the quality of police activity.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.105-111
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• 2016

Circulating various pieces of unlawful information that violate the law by leaking personal information or circulating violent/sexual materials or malignant programs in the cyberspace is unlawful, and blocking this beforehand is an important duty of the state. Preceding discussions on the legal restriction of unlawful information in the cyberspace have mostly been focused on the criminal responsibilities and civil responsibilities of information communications service providers, but this study has approached it with emphasis on the issue of police responsibility for the exercise of police authority to block unlawful information. It is because the principles of police responsibility to determine the target of police authority to block unlawful information provide the standards for the interpretation of existing laws and regulations and function as legislative principles for the enactment of new laws and regulations to prevent risks in the cyberspace.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2002

This landscape design proposal was presented to a design competition for the KangWon Province Police Agency(KPA). The site, about 27,711 $m^2$, is located at 293-4 Udu-dong, Chunchun, KangWon-Do. Design objectives of the KPA were to build a symbolic place which fall community members with pride, to elevate an identity and status of the KPA by creating a landscape correspondent to the concept of the building design, to provide community residents with a space to enjoy cultural and social activities, and to make environment friendly space. The main concept was developed by one of characteristics of the traditional spatial structure of Korea known as an, 'Open and Closed spatial structure.'By re-interpreting the traditional spatial structure and applying it to the site, the design met the various desires of the KPA. The site is primarily segmented into 6 sub spaces; entrance space Podori plaza, symbolic court, police billeting area, sports area, and rear rest area. The entrance space, Podori plaza, and symbolic court on the south-west part of the site represent the publicity of the site as the concept of ″open space.″ On the contrary, considering the specialty of police affairs, the north-east part of the site, which contains the police billeting area and rest area, were designed to maintain security by using the concept of ″closed space.″ To express an identity of the KPA, 'Podori', a police mascot, the plaza was designed and is suppose to function as the hub of the community. In the front section of the plaza, a symmetrical planting pattern, centering the strong axis, was introduced to strengthen its symbolic meaning. Traditional window frames such as the pattern of 'Pisal-jige'and 'Umulsal-jige' were used for the paving system which is applied as the environment friendly design. Site facilities and furnitrue were placed at every important spot in order to connect various spaces organically. As these well-tied spaces properly shared their function, spatial sequence and management would be promoted. The entire space was designed to allow free access of handicapped people. This proposal is meant to create a new image of KangWon province and to enhance the way of inhabitants' think about their community.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 1993

Functional cerebral impairments have been verified objectively by brain SPECT and q-EEG (quantitative electroencephalography). Microcerebral circulatory defects without anatomical changes can-not be detected by the brain CT or MRI. Brain SPECT using $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO (Hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime) as a key radioisotope may be accepted as the useful method for identifying functional cerebral impairments. We studied 25 patients with mild head trauma to define whether the SPECT was helpful in detecting cerebral impairment. Results were as follows: The SPECT was positive in 23 patients out of 25, q-EEG positive in 16 patients and brain CT was positive in 3 cases. SPECT and q-EEG were more sensitive than CT, SPECT would be more useful method than brain CT to investigate cerebral function after head injury.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.89-108
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• 2007

Since Korea Police Agency had established in 1948, our police have developed with many difficulty. And now, our police have diversity in policing through decentralization and democratization of police organization. But, new policing methods has introduced without our social control system which have based on national police system, without considering basic principles of our police systems. new policing methods are as follows.; enlargement private policeing, introducing community policing, introducing police service, introducing privatization of policing. Therefore, this study examined development process of police conception and policing which is based on many police studies. And this study suggested how we can understand Multilateralization of Policing in Korea. Because basic police conception, public safety and order maintenance function is never changable in spite of various changes in policing.