• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1459-1463
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• 2014

Background: Urological cancers represent a major public problem associated with high mortality and morbidity. The pattern of these cancers varies markedly according to era, region and ethnic groups, but increasing incidence trends overall makes focused epidemiological studies important. The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence of most prevalent urological cancers in Iran from 2003 to 2009. Materials and Methods: The data for this study were obtained from the population-based Cancer Registry Center of the Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Differences of mean age and age distributions of each cancer were compared between 2003 and 2009 in men and women. Results: Bladder cancer was the most common urologic cancer in both genders. The rate difference of age standardized ratio (ASR) of bladder and renal cell carcinoma in women were 1.54 and 2.01 percent per 100,000 population from 2003 to the 2009, respectively. In men, the rate difference of age standardized ratio of prostate, testis, kidney and bladder cancer was also 2.23, 1.2, 1.8 and 1.5 percent per 100,000 population from 2003 to 2009, respectively. The mean ages of patients in all cancers in both genders did not differ significantly through time (p value>0.05) but the distribution of ages of patients with bladder and prostate cancer changed significantly from 2003 to 2009 (p value<0.001). Conclusions: The results of present study suggest the general pattern and incidence of urological cancers in Iran are changing, the observed increase pointing to a need for urological cancer screening programs.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2014

As the prediction of geomagnetic storms is becoming an important and practical problem, conditions in the Earth's magnetosphere have been studied rigorously in terms of those in the interplanetary space. Another approach to space weather forecast is to deal with it as a probabilistic geomagnetic storm forecasting problem. In this study, we carry out detailed statistical analysis of solar wind parameters and geomagnetic indices examining the dependence of the distribution on the solar cycle and annual variations. Our main findings are as follows: (1) The distribution of parameters obtained via the superimposed epoch method follows the Gaussian distribution. (2) When solar activity is at its maximum the mean value of the distribution is shifted to the direction indicating the intense environment. Furthermore, the width of the distribution becomes wider at its maximum than at its minimum so that more extreme case can be expected. (3) The distribution of some certain heliospheric parameters is less sensitive to the phase of the solar cycle and annual variations. (4) The distribution of the eastward component of the interplanetary electric field BV and the solar wind driving function BV2, however, appears to be all dependent on the solar maximum/minimum, the descending/ascending phases of the solar cycle and the equinoxes/solstices. (5) The distribution of the AE index and the Dst index shares statistical features closely with BV and $BV^2$ compared with other heliospheric parameters. In this sense, BV and $BV^2$ are more robust proxies of the geomagnetic storm. We conclude by pointing out that our results allow us to step forward in providing the occurrence probability of geomagnetic storms for space weather and physical modeling.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.373-384
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• 2014

인간의 시각경험과 그 재현의 열망은 문명사의 시원에서 그 흔적을 남겨왔다. 당연히 이미지의 역사는 그러한 시간의 깊이에로 소급해야 한다. 그 기원에서 드러나는 이미지의 존재론적 위치는 시각경험의 리얼리티를 핍진적으로 재현하는 데 있었다. 이 열망이 결국 원본과 복제의 차이를 좁히려는 다양한 시도들로 장르화되었다. 핵심은 복제 즉 미메시스의 존재 자격을 원본성에로까지 고양시키는 것이었다. 이것은 눈에 의한 시각경험의 산물인 인상에 어떤 방식으로 리얼리티를 부여하는가라는 기술적 과제로 남겨진다. 고대 그리스에서 테크네에 대한 성찰은 이러한 문제의식과 겹쳐진다. 본 연구가 플라톤의 원본 이데아와 그 복제 미메시스에 대한 논의를 출발의 단초로 삼는 것은 이런 이유에서이다. 결론적으로 말하자면 플라톤이 분류한 '미메시스'가 원본 이데아로부터의 원근에 의해 여러 층위가 나눠지듯이 미메시스를 구현하는 테크네 또한 다양한 위상을 갖춘다는 것이다. 결국 이미지, 혹은 미메시스의 역사는 플라톤 패러다임의 맥락에서 볼 때, '사상(似像)'과 '환상'을 향한 진보의 과정으로 해석할 수 있다. 후대에 구현된 기술적 재현의 다양한 메커니즘은 이러한 성찰을 토대로 하여 이뤄진 결과물이라 할 수 있다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2012

Since the development of surface magnetic features should reflect the evolution of the solar magnetic field in the deep interior of the Sun, it is crucial to study properties of sunspots and sunspot groups to understand the physical processes working below the solar surface. Here, using the data set of sunspot groups observed at the ButterStar observatory for 3,364 days from 2002 October 16 to 2011 December 31, we investigate temporal change of sunspot groups depending on their Z$\ddot{u}$rich classification type. Our main findings are as follows: (1) There are more sunspot groups in the southern hemisphere in solar cycle 23, while more sunspot groups appear in the northern hemisphere in solar cycle 24. We also note that in the declining phase of solar cycle 23 the decreasing tendency is apparently steeper in the solar northern hemisphere than in the solar southern hemisphere. (2) Some of sunspot group types make a secondary peak in the distribution between the solar maximum and the solar minimum. More importantly, in this particular data set, sunspot groups which have appeared in the solar southern hemisphere make a secondary peak 1 year after a secondary peak occurs in the solar northern hemisphere. (3) The temporal variations of small and large sunspot group numbers are disparate. That is, the number of large sunspot group declines earlier and faster and that the number of small sunspot group begins to rise earlier and faster. (4) The total number of observed sunspot is found to behave more likewise as the small sunspot group does. Hence, according to our findings, behaviors and evolution of small magnetic flux tubes and large magnetic flux tubes seem to be different over solar cycles. Finally, we conclude by briefly pointing out its implication on the space weather forecast.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
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• pp.150-152
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• 2006

The DISCOVER Project (${\underline{D}}istributed$ ${\underline{I}}nformation$ ${\underline{S}}ervices$ for ${\underline{C}}limate$ and ${\underline{O}}cean$ products and ${\underline{V}}isualizations$ for ${\underline{E}}arth$ ${\underline{R}}esearch$) is a NASA funded Earth Science REASoN project that strives to provide highly accurate, carefully calibrated, long-term climate data records and near-real-time ocean products suitable for the most demanding Earth research applications via easy-to-use display and data access tools. A key element of DISCOVER is the merging of data from the multiple sensors on multiple platforms into geophysical data sets consistent in both time and space. The project is a follow-on to the SSM/I Pathfinder and Passive Microwave ESIP projects which pioneered the simultaneous retrieval of sea surface temperature, surface wind speed, columnar water vapor, cloud liquid water content, and rain rate from SSM/I and TMI observations. The ocean products available through DISCOVER are derived from multi-sensor observations combined into daily products and a consistent multi-decadal climate time series. The DISCOVER team has a strong track record in identifying and removing unexpected sources of systematic error in radiometric measurements, including misspecification of SSM/I pointing geometry, the slightly emissive TMI antenna, and problems with the hot calibration source on AMSR-E. This in-depth experience with inter-calibration is absolutely essential for achieving our objective of merging multi-sensor observations into consistent data sets. Extreme care in satellite inter-calibration and commonality of geophysical algorithms is applied to all sensors. This presentation will introduce the DISCOVER products currently available from the web site, http://www.discover-earth.org and provide examples of the scientific application of both the diurnally corrected optimally interpolated global sea surface temperature product and the 4x-daily global microwave water vapor product.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.30-41
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• 2006

The goal of this work is to develop and test a robot-assisted surgery system for spinal fusion. The system is composed of a robot, a surgical planning system, and a navigation system. It plays the role of assisting surgeons for inserting a pedicle screw in the spinal fusion procedure. Compared to conventional methods for spinal fusion, the proposed surgical procedure ensures minimum invasion and better accuracy by using robot and image information. The robot plays the role of positioning and guiding needles, drills, and other surgical instruments or conducts automatic boring and screwing. Pre-operative CT images intra-operative fluoroscopic images are integrated to provide the surgeon with information for surgical planning. Some experiments employing the developed robotic surgery system are conducted. The experimental results confirm that the system is not only able to guide the surgical tools by accurately pointing and orienting the specified location, but also successfully compensate the movement of the patient due to respiration.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.239-253
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• 2013

본고는 부산항의 수출이 전국 항만의 수출에서 차지하는 비중이 계속 감소하는 원인을 밝힌다. 이러한 원인과 해결책을 제시하는 많은 기존의 연구와 달리 불변시장점유율(CMS)을 적용하여 부산항 수출의 제품의 특성과 지리적 특성을 중심으로 부산항 침체의 원인을 찾는다. 불변시장점유율을 도출하여 부산항의 비중 하락이 제품의 특성을 나타내는 제품구조효과와 지리적 특성을 반영한 지리적 구조효과가 함께 작용한 결합구조효과에 원인이 있다는 것과 최근 3년은 지리적 구조에 더 큰 문제가 있다는 것을 보인다. 또한 불변시장점유율의 지표들이 부산항의 주요 수출국가들에게 미치는 영향을 보기 위해 패널공적분벡터를 추정하여 제품구조효과와 지리적 구조효과가 부산항의 경쟁력 하락 요인으로 작용한다는 것과 제품구조효과는 중국과 미국의 시장점유율에, 지리적 구조효과는 일본의 시장점유율에 감소효과를 갖는다는 것을 밝힌다.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.213-235
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• 2013

본 연구는 기업의 보안관리의 중요성이 커지고 있는 반면 이에 대한 이해와 관심이 부족한 현실을 지적하고 보안관리를 유연하게 실행할 수 있는 적절한 해결안을 조사하고자 한다. 따라서 본 연구는 보안관리의 강화의지 및 실행에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 조직몰입, 보안위험 경험, 인지된 혜택, 파트너 의존성, 총 4가지의 외생변수를 제안하고 강화의지와 실행의 사이를 강화시켜줄 조절변수로 IT불안정성을 제안하였다. 제안된 연구모형 검증하기 위해 AMOS 19.0을 사용하여 209개 설문을 구조방정식 접근을 통해 분석하였다. 연구결과 파트너 의존성을 제외한 나머지 변수들, 즉 조직몰입, 보안위험 경험, 인지된 혜택, 파트너 의존성은 보안관리 강화의지에 통계적으로 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 기업단위의 보안관리에 대한 새로운 학문적 근거를 제안하고 실무적 관리 지침에 중요한 역할을 할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2006

최근 많은 착용형 컴퓨터가 개발되었지만, 아직도 입력 및 출력 관점에서 보면 사용자 인터페이스에 많은 문제를 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 EOG 감지 회로와 마커 인식에 기반한 착용형 사용자 인터페이스를 제안한다. 제안된 사용자 인터페이스에서 EOG 감지 회로는 지시 장치로 사용되는데, 눈 주위의 전위차를 감지함으로써 눈동자의 움직임을 추적한다. 사용자가 다루고자 하는 객체는 사람이 인지 가능한 마커로 표시되며 마커 인식 시스템은 카메라 영상으로부터 마커를 검출하고 인식한다. 마커가 인식되면 해당하는 객체에 대한 속성창과 마커 창이 HMD에 디스플레이되고 사용자는 원하는 속성이나 메소드를 선택함으로써 객체를 다루게 된다. EOG 감지 회로와 마커 인식 시스템을 이용함으로써 사용자는 착용형 컴퓨팅 환경에서 눈동자의 움직임만으로 객체의 조작을 손쉽게 수행할 수 있다.

• 천문학논총
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 1999

We have constructed a synthetic spectrum of the 2.5 micron $C_2H$ bands and compared them with diminutive structures in the near-infrared spectra of Comets P/Halley and West (1976 VI). We found that the Q branches of the $C_2H$ bands coincide with two small emission peaks in the spectra of the comets. We undertook Monte Carlo simulations using observed emission intensities of $C_2$ and possibly $C_2H$ in Comet P/Halley in order to derive a lifetime range of $C_2H$ and a production rate at the time of observations of P/Halley. We obtained a $C_2H$ production rate of $1\times10^{27}\;sec^{-1}$ for P/Halley on December 20, 1985, assuming the 2.5 micron features are due to $C_2H$. We derived a very short lifetime (<100 seconds) of $C_2H$ at 1AU heliocentric distance, assuming that the only parent molecule for $C_2H$ and $C_2$ is $C_2H$. Using this short lifetime we were unable to fit our $C_2$ distribution model to $C_2$ distribution curves observed by O'Dell et al.(1988), because our curve shows a steep slope compared with the observed one. We conclude that there must be significant additional source(s) for $C_2H$ and $C_2$ other than $C_2H_2$.