• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.525-533
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• 2004

The object ofthis study was to test for STORMSYS process that composed Catch Basin and Stormsys(three units: vortex solids separator, filter media bed and vegetated filter strips). It could be applied to treat the first-flush non-point pollution materials on the road(especially, motorway). This study investigated that the runoff characteristics of non-point pollutions containing the heavy metal(Fe, Zn and Cu) by rainfall showed relatively high pollution concentration in the early-stage storm runoff on the road, which seems to be caused by the vehicular traffic, and showed the rapid reduction of pollution concentration on the basis of about 5mm rainfall volume. As the number of the non-rainy days were increased, the pollution concentration by storm runoff was increased, also. As a test result of this process, the average removal efficiency of BOD, $COD_{mn}$, SS, T-N and T-P over the testing period were 92.7%,88.6%,97.4%,93.0% and 93.3%, respectively. Also, the average removal efficiency of n-Hexane, Fe, Zn and Cu were 86.7%, 96.1%, 84.4% and 78.4%, respectively. As shown in the characteristics of storm runoff, the non-point pollution materials have high pollution concentration in the early-stage storm runoff on the road, the installation of STORMSYS process is expected to reduce considerable amount of non-point pollutions.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2020

The Doam Lake watershed has a significant impact on the downstream water system due to nutrients and sediment outflow during rainfall caused by steep slopes, soil losses, and fertilization. These non-point sources are unclear in the discharge area and are affected by land use patterns, soil characteristics, and topographical features of the watershed. Therefore, this study conducted rainfall monitoring from July to October 2019 in Songcheon upstream of the Doam Lake watershed, one of the non-point pollution source management areas. Then, after analyzing rainfall runoff, Event Mean Concentration (EMC) and Mass First Flush ratio (MFFn) were calculated to compare and analyze the characteristics of rainfall and the non-point pollutant discharge. As a result of the analysis, it showed various non-point pollutant emission characteristics for each rainfall event. In addition, the concentration of EMC and the MFFn were affected by the average rainfall intensity and the maximum rainfall intensity, and were not significantly affected by the number of antecedent drying days. In the future, it is expected that effective non-point source reduction measures and management measures according to rainfall intensity through continuous monitoring and analysis will be needed.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.792-799
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• 2022

Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology is a key component of modern construction engineering and project management workflows. As-is BIM models that represent the spatial reality of a project site can offer crucial information to stakeholders for construction progress monitoring, error checking, and building maintenance purposes. Geometric methods for automatically converting raw scan data into BIM models (Scan-to-BIM) often fail to make use of higher-level semantic information in the data. Whereas, semantic segmentation methods only output labels at the point level without creating object level models that is necessary for BIM. To address these issues, this research proposes a hybrid semantic-geometric approach for clutter-resistant floorplan generation from laser-scanned building point clouds. The input point clouds are first pre-processed by normalizing the coordinate system and removing outliers. Then, a semantic segmentation network based on PointNet++ is used to label each point as ceiling, floor, wall, door, stair, and clutter. The clutter points are removed whereas the wall, door, and stair points are used for 2D floorplan generation. A region-growing segmentation algorithm paired with geometric reasoning rules is applied to group the points together into individual building elements. Finally, a 2-fold Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm is applied to parameterize the building elements into 2D lines which are used to create the output floorplan. The proposed method is evaluated using the metrics of precision, recall, Intersection-over-Union (IOU), Betti error, and warping error.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.513-526
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the guideline's contents for dietitians' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) for the sustainability management at school foodservice. The contents for the guideline were determined by the Delphi technique of two rounds. The Delphi panels of experts were consisted of sixteen school dietitians and fourteen professors of food and nutrition with more than 10 years of experiences by convenience sampling method. Based on the literature, knowledge, attitudes, and practices required for dieticians were classified into menu management, procurement, food production, facility and energy management, waste management, personnel management, and nutrition education. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 24 and EXCEL to calculate descriptive statistics, content validity ratio, degree of agreement, and degree of convergence. As a result of the second round, the validity scores of 'knows eco-friendly certification standards and labeling systems (4.53 point)' in the knowledge category, and 'tries to purchase local agricultural products (4.87 point)' in the attitude category were the highest. From that round in the practice category, the validity scores of 'plan menus for students' health', 'purchases eco-friendly food', and 'conserves energy in pre-processing and cooking process' were the highest with 4.73 point. Applying the criteria for securing the validity of the contents, the contents of 25 knowledge items, 20 attitude items and 30 practice items were confirmed. The findings of the study can be used to develop the guideline for dietitians required for the sustainability management.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.228-234
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• 2011

The goal of water quality management on stream and watershed is to focus not on discharged loads management but on a water quality management. Discharged loads management is not goal of water quality management but way for perform with total maximum daily loads management. It is necessary to estimate the relation between non-point source with stromwater runoff (NPSSR) and water quality to select a watershed where it is required to manage NPSSR for water quality improvement. To evaluate the effects of NPSSR on stream's water quality, we compare the aspects of water quality in dry and wet seasons using flow duration curve analysis based on flow rate variation data by actual surveying. In this study we attempt to quantify the variation characteristic of water quality and estimate the Inflow characteristic of pollution source with water quality and flow rate monitoring on 10 watersheds. We try to estimate water quality and flow rate by regression analysis and try again regression analysis with each high and low water quality data more than estimations. An analysis of relation between water quality and flow rate of 10 watersheds shows that the water quality of the Nonsan and the Ganggyeong streams had been polluted by NPSSR pollutants. Other eight streams were important point source more than NPSSR. It is wide variation range of $BOD_5$ also high average concentration of $BOD_5$. We have to quantify water quality variation by cv1 in wet season and cv365 in dry season with comparing the estimate of high water quality and low water quality. This method can be used to indicator for water quality variation according to flow rate.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.36-39
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• 1998

It is very difficult for the large-scale retailers, who deal with tens of thousands of items, to price all the items dynamically reflecting all the constraints and policies. In spite of its importance, the prices are determined by human experts because the process of setting the prices of all the items is not established yet. To solve this problem, we adopt a mixed model that combines three typical pricing models: cost-plus model, competition-oriented model, and demand-oriented model. Since each model an be converted to a set of constraints in point and interval forms, solving the pricing problem with the three groups of models requires an algorithm which can solve the problem with weighted constraints of intervals and points. So we have devised an algorithm named “Point Determination Algorithm”. From the rules that represents tile models, the constraints are extracted to be solvable by tile Point Determination Algorithm. A prototype KAPA (Knowledge Assisted pricing Advisor) is developed with this idea using the expert system environment UNIK - a tool developed by KAIST. According to the experiment with 76 items in comparison with 53 human pricing experts we confirmed that the KAPA can perform highly consistent with human experts. This implies KAPA system is applicable to pricing millions of items dynamically.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2010

Romania aims to adopt and implement the European Union's legislation, also including that for the field of water management. Like other countries, groundwater in Romania is locally polluted from point sources, such as leaking landfills, as well as from diffuse pollution sources, include fertilizers, pesticides and leakages from sewers, in urbanized areas. Diffuse pollution can also occur indirectly, by over-exploitation of groundwater wells, resulting in salt water intrusion, as well as from mining and exploitation of mineral aggregates. Romania has quite an intensive monitoring scheme to measure groundwater quality in phreatic and confined aquifers. The purpose of the work resumed in this paper was to derive natural background levels (NBL) for groundwater in order to distinguish the natural elevated concentrations of some substances (natural phenomena) from point and diffuse pollution (anthropogenic phenomena). Based on these NBLs, threshold values (TV) for groundwater will be set according to the requirements of the European Water Framework Directive and the related Groundwater Directive. This paper describes the results of a study for the derivation of NBL and TV in a pilot Groundwater Body. Also, the process and draft results for extrapolating this work for all Romanian groundwater bodies is explained, as well as points for future consideration with respect to monitoring and management.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제49권11호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 RED 파라미터를 조정하여 차등화 서비스의 서비스 품질 관리의 성능을 고찰한다. 차등화 서비스는 CIR 혹은 PIR 같은 QoS 파라미터를 이용하여 특정 트래픽의 패킷들을 구분한다. 구분된 패킷을 표시하기 위해 코드 포인트가 사용되며 각각의 가상 큐에 입력된다. 코드 포인트에 따라서 각 가상 큐에는 다른 RED 파라미터 값들이 적용된다. 코드 포인트 값이 커질수록 엄격한 RED 파라미터 값들이 할당된다. RED 파라미터를 조정하여 서비스 품질을 관리 할 수 있음을 보이기 위해 본 논문은 간단한 2 색 표식을 갖는 타임 슬라이딩 윈도우의 정책 모델을 사용하였다. NS-2를 이용한 실험 결과, RED 파라미터를 조정하여 차등화 서비스의 서비스 품질이 효과적으로 관리됨을 확인하였다.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 웹기반의 공간데이터 구축공정 관리시스템을 개발하는데 있다. 이를 위하여 기본측량 공종을 표준화하고, 품질관리 요소를 정립하였다. 기본측량인 GPS에 의한 기준점 측량, 수준측량, 창공사진촬영, 수치지도제작, 지형도 제작, 수차표고자료 제작, 항공사진 DB 구축, 정사영상지도 제작 공정 및 공종분류체계를 표준화하였다. 또한 기본측량 사업별 성과품 및 품질검사 업무 현황과 성과품 유형별 품질검사 요소 및 데이터 포맷을 분석하였으며, 이를 기반으로 데이터베이스 및 프로세스 설계 단계를 거쳐 공정관리, 품질관리, 메타데이터 관리, 시스템관리로 구성된 웹 기반의 공정관리 시스템을 개발하였다.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 1991년도 춘계공동학술대회 발표논문 및 초록집; 전북대학교, 전주; 26-27 Apr. 1991
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• pp.199-199
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• 1991