• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.31-43
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• 2000

This paper presents a novel algorithm lot extraction of the eye and mouth fields (facial features) from 2D gray level face images. First of all, it has been found that Eigenfeatures, derived from the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of the binary edge data set constructed from the eye and mouth fields are very good features to locate these fields. The Eigenfeatures, extracted from the positive and negative training samples for the facial features, ate used to train a MultiLayer Perceptron(MLP) whose output indicates the degree to which a particular image window contains the eye or the mouth within itself. Second, to ensure robustness, the ensemble network consisting of multiple MLPs is used instead of a single MLP. The output of the ensemble network becomes the average of the multiple locations of the field each found by the constituent MLPs. Finally, in order to reduce the computation time, we extracted the coarse search region lot eyes and mouth by using prior information on face images. The advantages of the proposed approach includes that only a small number of frontal faces are sufficient to train the nets and furthermore, lends themselves to good generalization to non-frontal poses and even to other people's faces. It was also experimentally verified that the proposed algorithm is robust against slight variations of facial size and pose due to the generalization characteristics of neural networks.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.86-93
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• 1999

Artificial fertilization of flounder, Limanda herzensteini caught at Pohang brook was performed in April 13, 1995 and hatched larvae were reared for 25 days to describe the development of eggs and the morphogenesis of larvae. The fertilized egg was buoyant, colorless and spherical in shape, measuring 0.86~0.96 mm in diameter (mean: 0.90 mm), The egg has no oil globule, and its perivitelline space was narrow. Hatching in the indoor tank with $16.0^{\circ}C$ in mean water temperature started from the 64 hours after fertilization. The newly hatched larva, measuring about 2.80 mm in total length, had 10~11+25~27=35~38 myomeres. The anus is open at about the anterior point of the body. The 3 to 4 days old larva was 3.90 mm in total length. In this larva the eyes were black and the mouth was open. The yolk was consumed in 8 to 9 days. In 20 to 22 days after hatching, the larvae grew 6.1 mm in total length. The eyes were located symmetry on both sides of head.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.42-51
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze the actual conditions of school forests using a field survey and to establish the construction methods considering satisfactions of students using a satisfaction inquiry. The results of the this study are as follows: many trees had the highest score whereas reduction of noise had the lowest score in the satisfaction analysis of 15 items. According to the result of the factor analysis, 3 factors were determined to be most important from 15 items of satisfaction, and they were Environmental Function, Educational and Recreational Function, and Ecological Function. Next, students were classified into 4 groups using factor scores by cluster analysis. Group I had very high effectiveness in the Environmental Function and group II had low effectiveness in all factors. Also, group III had very high effectiveness in the Educational and Recreational Function, and group IV had very high effectiveness in the Ecological Function. According to the analysis results of the character of the school on students' group, the satisfaction of school forests was high when students of group II were few and other group's students were similar. As these schools use a lot of parts of the playground for green space, there was more school forest than at other schools. Also, students of these schools were experiencing the school forest through educational programs. Therefore, school forests should be constructed by increasing the green area and considering the satisfaction factors of students through various experience and education programs and by the way utilizing wide space than adding the tree in the garden.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.190-193
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• 2012

Transparent diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were synthesized on glass using radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method from the gas mixture of $CH_4$, $SiH_4$ and Ar. The pressure, the rf-power, $CH_4/SiH_4/Ar$ ratio, and the deposition time were 0.1Torr, 100W, 20 : 1 : 1, and 20 min, respectively. The optical transmittances of DLC-deposited glass and uncoated glass were compared with each other in the visible light regions. The DLC-deposited glass showed transmittance of approximately 83 % and 95 % as compared to the uncoated glass for the wavelength of 380 nm and 500 nm, respectively. The hardness and roughness of DLC-coated glass have been measured by nanoindentation and AFM, respectively. The DLC-coated glass showed a little less or similar optical transmittance compared to the uncoated glass, while the hardness of DLC-coated glass was 2.5 times higher than that of the uncoated glass. The deposited DLC film had the very smooth surface and was thicker than 150 nm after deposition for 20 min.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.902-908
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• 2010

In 2008, we monitored residual pesticides of 15 agricultural products such as rice, corn, pea, chestnut, mandarin, lemon, onion, pineapple, lettuce, chard, sweet potato stalk, burdock, squash, sweet pepper and mushroom. Agricultural commodities were collected from markets in 22 provinces (Seoul, Busan, Incheon, Daegu, Ulsan, Daejeon, Gwangju, Wonju, Pohang, Gumi, Changwon, Gimhae, Suwon, Seongnam, Bucheon, Goyang, Yongin, Cheongju, Cheonan, Jeonju, Yeosu, and Jeju). Total 48 pesticides were analysed by multi-residue method using GC/MS/MS. We analysed 1,064 samples and 34 samples (3.20%) were detected. Sweet potatostalk, burdock, chestnuts, peas, corn, chard, squash, mushroom and onions were found to be free from pesticide residues. 6 other agricultural products did not exceed MRLs (Maximum Residue Limits) by the Korean Food Code. Chloropyrifos and fenobucarb were particularly prevalent and also they were detected over 10 times in this monitoring. Nonetheless, the exposed quantity of the 7 residual pesticides is to be considered relatively safe, compared with the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of residual pesticides.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.730-735
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• 2012

Existing pharmaceutical studies show that Magnolia biondii is effective in treating rhinitis and in reducing cholesterol, given its endogenous, volatile ingredients. The study herein seeks to assess the cosmeceutical activities and anti-inflammatory activities of Magnolia biondii extracts for possible application as cosmetic ingredients. The cosmeceutical and anti-inflammatory activities were investigated using hydroxyl radical scavenging, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition, cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) inhibition, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression by Western blotting. Magnolia biondii extracts were identified to have antioxidant activities in hydroxyl free radical scavenging, SOD-like activity, and XO inhibition. In testing the anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts, NO production was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, in a dose-dependent manner, the Magnolia biondii extracts were able to suppress iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. From these results, Magnolia biondii showed adequate potential for application in cosmetic production and related industries as well as a functional material.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.10-21
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• 1985

The sound velocity (compressional wave) and attenuation coefficient in the marine surface sediments in the nearshore areas off the Pohang, Pusan, Yeosu and Kunsan were investigated in terms of the geotechnical properties of the marine surface sediments in the water depth range of 10-50 meters. The marine surface sediments in the study areas are variable, that is, sand to clay. Due to the various four different study area, the sound velocities and attenuation coefficients in the surface sediment facies vary 1,44m/sec to 1,510m/sec in velocity and 0.82dB/m to 3.70dB/m in coefficient respectively. In fact, the sound velocity increases with increasing of density and mean grain sizes of the sediments, and however, with decreasing of porosith. The correlation equations between the sound velocith and geotechnical properties of mean grain size, density, and porosity were expressed as the following: Vp=1512.28406-9.16083(Mz)＋0.20795(Mz)$\^$2/, Vp=1876.15527-597.50397(d)＋210.48375(d)$\^$2/, Vp=1559.47217-2.09266(n)$\^$2/. where Vp is sound velocity, Mz is mean grain size, d is density, and m is porosity, respectively. However, the relationship between the attenuation and geotechnical properties were different from that of sound velocity and geotchnical properties. Furthermore, the correlation equations between attenuation coefficient and geotechnical properties were expressed as the following: a=1.85217＋0.67197(Mz)-0.09035 (Mz)$\^$2/, a=48.87859＋58.21721(d)-16.3.143(d)$\^$2/, a=2.06765＋0.07215(n)-0.00111(n)$\^$2/, where a is attenuation coefficient. The high attenuation appeared in the silty sand through fine sand facies in sediment and k values in these facies were in the range of 0.86 to 0.89 dB/m/KHz.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.679-686
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• 1997

In order to investigate the distribution characteristics of polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) at the southern of Korean East Sea, vertical measurements of temperature, salinity, DO and PCBs were performed by each depth of 5 stations during August - October 1996. Thermocline and salinocline were generally existed at depth of 30 m and water mass current of midwater in the southern of Korean East Sea was distributed below 30 m depth. The distribution of surface water mass in this area was extended to Tsusima area from the southern offshore of the Korean last Sea. In August 1996, concentration range of PCBs had $0.22\~0.36\;ng/\ell$ at surface layer and their concentrations at near Tsusima offshore were relatively decreased. Total mean concentration of PCBs was $0.29\;ng/\ell$ in the sea surface and $0.31\;ng/\ell$ in the middle layer. PCBs seemed to correlate well with suspended particles. And vortical and horizontal distribution of their concentrations showed comparatively uniform pattern. Relatively high compositional ratio of Di- and Tri-PCBs could be found at the sea surface, while compositional ratio of Penta-PCBs dominates over other congener at deep layer.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.584-599
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• 2010

The variation of atmospheric conditions including subrefraction, normal refraction, superrefraction, and ducting is an important factor that affects the quality of radar data by controling the propagation of radar beams. The occurrence frequency of the conditions is statistically analyzed using the atmospheric soundings from seven radiosonde stations in South Korea over two years. The occurrence of superrefraction and ducting at Baengnyeongdo is significantly higher than the others. Osan and Kwangju show significant variation in time. Among the different duct conditions, the surface duct is dominant at most stations except for Gosan. The elevated duct is dominant at Heuksando and Gosan. Duct is more frequent in summer than in winter at all stations. Baengnyeongdo shows the most frequent duct in spring, fall, and winter while Pohang had the highest frequency in summer. Osan and Kwangju show least duct during all seasons. The difference of variation of monthly duct occurrence between 00 UTC and 12 UTC is insignificant at all stations except for Osan and Kwangju. Kwangju, Heuksando and Gosan show relatively low frequency of duct with the monthly maximum barely reaching 60%. The highest number of elevation angles that are affected by duct was four at Osungsan radar (KSN). The maximum elevation angle is around $1.0^{\circ}$ at all stations and Jindo radar (JNI) shows the maximum value of $1.2^{\circ}$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.160-168
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• 2003

In Korea, a large portion of aerial power-transmission cables is installed in the mountains. In the case of a fire in the mountains, steel wires coated with zinc and aluminum wires of those power cables exposed to the fire or near around will be deteriorated by the blaze and the high temperature. Deterioration proceeds by interactions of a variety of factors like quality, manufacturing process, the condition of installation and exposure environment of a wire, and so on. Generally, the characteristic of a conductor affect by a forest fire can not be analyzed without the effect through simulating a forest fire. However, there are little research accomplishments of that kind of simulation about it, and there's been no analysis of a sample exposed to an actual forest fire. This thesis shows the experimental results that apply to a new wire by an artificial flame-maker because it's difficult to directly analyze the characteristic of deterioration by a forest fire. Those results include the intensity of extension and wrench for a conductor. In addition, there's been an experiment and analysis about the mechanical characteristics of the wire of ACSR 480[$\textrm{mm}^2$] which was removed from Pohang area by a forest fire. Then, the database will be made to predict the state of deteriorated wires by a forest fire using those two data, and data necessary to diagnose the life state of an ACSR wire affected by a forest fire will be given.