• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.534-538
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• 2006

The effects of Rhizobium inoculant, compost, and nitrogen on nodulation, growth, dry matter production, yield attributes, and yield of pea (Pisum sativum) var, IPSA Motorshuti-3 were assessed by a field experiment. Among the treatments Rhizobium inoculant alone performed best in recording number and dry weight of nodules/plant. The highest green seed yield of 8.38 ton/ha (36.9% increase over control) and mature seed yield of 2.97 ton/ha (73.7% increase over control) were obtained by the application of 90 kg N/ha. The effects of 60 kg N/ha, Rhizobium inoculant alone and Rhizobium inoculant along with 5 ton compost/ha were same as the effect of 90 kg N/ha in recording plant height, root length, dry weight of shoot, and root both at preflowering and pod filling stages, number of mature pods/plant, number of mature seeds/pod, 1000-seed weight, green, and mature seed yields of pea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.321-329
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• 1999

The effect of water deficits on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] could appear on seed quality through changes of morphological plant characteristics. Two Korean genotypes, Hwangkeum (determinate growth habit) and Muhan (indeterminate growth habit), were used to examine the influences of treatment stage and method of water deficit during reproductive growth period on yield and seed quality of soybean. Water deficit at R5 or R6 stages was as damaging to seed quality as double water-deficit treatments at R2+R5 or R2+R6. However, seed from double water-deficit treatment tended to have lower oxidation-reduction potential compare to the corresponding single water-deficit treatment. In comparison with Muhan, Hwangkeum had significantly greater oxidation-reduction potential value. Seed yield per plant in both genotypes depended greatly on seed yield of branches. However, the proportion of number of branch seed to total seed umber in Hwangkeum was increased as the water deficit was applied during later reproductive stage, whereas, in Muhan the proportion was lower. Water-deficit treatments including the single and double water-deficit treatments and non-stressed treatment were able to be classified into five groups for Hwangkeum and four groups for Muhan based on the influences on yield components, number of pod, number of seed, and single seed weight, using principal component analysis. In both genotypes, R2+R5 water-deficit treatment decreased number of pod and seed, but increased single seed weight. On the contrary, R6 or R2+R6 stress increased the pod and seed number, but decreased single seed weight.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.285-290
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• 1984

The effects of retardants B995 and CCC on the growth and yield of soybean cultivar, kwanggyo, were investigated. The 3 application times(4th, 5th and 6th trifoliate leaf stage) combined with 4 concentrations (500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm) were treated, and the retardant solutions were sprayed on the foliage. Only stem length in retardants, rate of podding in application times, and, in concentrations, stem length, number of branch, number of pod per plant and grain yield, were significant. In the inhibition of stem elongation, B995 was more effective than CCC, and rate of podding was the highest in the 4th leaf-spraying. The highest concentration, 3000 ppm, was the most effective in the inhibition of stem elongation and in the increase of number of branch and pod, rate of podding, and in yield. The number of node of mainstem, dry stem weight, chlorophyll and 100 grain weight were not significant with any treat. Yield had positively correlated with number of branch and pod, and rate of podding but negatively with stem length. The retardants was thought to be considerably conducive to the increase of yield.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.504-510
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• 2007

GE interaction is the expression of differential genotypic adaptation across environments. GE interactions through different stability parameters and performance of the traits of genotypes were studied. The traits were days to maturity, pod length, number of pods/ plant, 100-seed weight and seed yield/plant in ten soybean genotypes across five environments. Significant differences were observed for genotypes, environments and GE interactions. Stability analysis after Eberhart and Russell's model suggested that the genotypes used in this study were all more or less responsive to environmental changes. Most of the genotypes perform better in Env.3. Based on phenotypic indices(Pi), regression ($S^2di$) genotype Garurab was found fairly stable for days to maturity. BS-23 and G-2120 may be considered as stable genotype for pod length. All the genotypes except G-2120 showed that the genotypes were relatively unstable under environmental fluctuation for the number of pod/plant. Genotype BS-23 was found most stable among all the genotypes for 100-seed weight. BS-3 and Gaurab was the most stable and desirable genotypes for seed yield in soybean.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2024

In order to effectively simulate nonstationary stochastic turbulent wind fields, four separation hybrid (SEP-H) models are proposed in the present study. Based on the assumption that the lateral turbulence component at one single-point is uncorrelated with the longitudinal and vertical turbulence components, the fluctuating wind is separated into 2nV-1D and nV1D nonstationary stochastic vector processes. The first process can be expressed as double proper orthogonal decomposition (DPOD) or proper orthogonal decomposition and spectral representation method (POD-SRM), and the second process can be expressed as POD or SRM. On this basis, four SEP-H models of nonstationary stochastic turbulent wind fields are developed. In addition, the orthogonal random variables in the SEP-H models are presented as random orthogonal functions of elementary random variables. Meanwhile, the number theoretical method (NTM) is conveniently adopted to select representative points set of the elementary random variables. The POD-FFT (Fast Fourier transform) technique is introduced in frequency to give full play to the computational efficiency of the SEP-H models. Finally, taking a long-span bridge as the engineering background, the SEP-H models are compared with the dimension-reduction DPOD (DR-DPOD) model to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed models.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.16-25
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• 1995

The effects of leaf removal time on variation of nodal sink components in determinated soybean ［Glycine max （L.） Merr.］ cultivar 'Danyeobkong' were measured at the experiment field of Chonbuk Provincial Rural Development Administration in 1991. Node order in this experiment was calculated from terminal node to bottom node to clarify the photosynthetic ability of canopy leaves. The upper 5 leaves from terminal node of main stem were removed at 5, 15, 25, 35 and 45 days after flowering(DAF) respectively. In spite of light-receiving increment in lower part of main stem and in branch by removing the upper part leaves of main stem, seed weight of that part was not increased in leaf removal treatment compared with control block. The node position reducing pod went down from terminal to bottom by delaying leaf removal time, and the influence of pod number reduction was bigger in DAF 25 than in DAF 15. But the seed number reduction per pod was the biggest in DAF 35. Cracked seed coat ratio ranged from 25% to 35% in control block, while that of leaf removal block had mostly 10% gap compared with the control block.rol block.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2017

The guideline of selecting the number of snapshot dataset, $N_s$ in proper orthogonal decomposition(POD) was presented via the analysis of Eigen values based on the singular value decomposition(SVD). In POD, snapshot datasets from the solutions of Euler or Navier-Stokes equations are utilized to SVD and a reduced order model(ROM) is constructed as the combination of Eigen vectors. The ROM is subsequently applied to reconstruct the flowfield data with new set of flow conditions, thereby enhancing the computational efficiency. The overall computational efficiency and accuracy of POD is dependent on the number of snapshot dataset; however, there is no reliable guideline of determining $N_s$. In order to resolve this problem, the order of maximum to minimum Eigen value ratio, O(R) from SVD was analyzed and presented for the decision of $N_s$; in case of steady flow, $N_s$ should be determined to make O(R) be $10^9$. For unsteady flow, $N_s$ should be increased to make O(R) be $10^{11\sim12}$. This strategy of selecting the snapshot dataset was applied to two dimensional NACA0012 airfoil and vortex flow problems including steady and unsteady cases and the numerical accuracies according to $N_s$ and O(R) were discussed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.25 no.1 s.66
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• pp.53-61
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• 1986

The races of soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines were investigated at 13 localities in Kyungpook, Chungpook and Cheonnam provinces for the resistant soybean variety selection to soybean cyst nematode. Race C, 1, and 5 were distributed and among them race 5 was dominant in Korea. Native soybean 203 lines and 25 introduced soybean varieties were investigated in field where soybean cyst nematode race 5 infested. As the result, the reproduction of soybean cyst nematode in native soybean lines decreased on entry number 18, 21, 36, 38, 41, 42, 43, 45, 55, 59, 68, 72, 75, 93, 94, 95, 98, 123, 131, 136, 146, 170, 174, 187, 190, 191 than others. And then, in pot experiment, entry number 170 showed moderately resistant with 10 cysts per root, while entry number 55 was decreased reproduction a little and the other 25 line appeared susceptibility. In introduced soybean varieties, Peking, Illsoy and PI90763 showed resistance and not reproduction in field and pot experiment. But Custer, Delmar, Dyer and Jackson represented moderately resistant under 10 cysts, while the other 18 varieties were susceptible. In yield analysis, native soybean line 170 showed the same tendency as Peking and PI90763 known for resistant varieties in decreased rate of branch number, pod number, pod weight per plant and weight of 100 grains. Peking and PI90763 decreased at the rate of under 1.6% in branch number, pod number, pod weight per plant and weight of 100 grains, while Illsoy showed a little higher decreased rate of 3.8% in pod number and 3.4% in pod weight per plant. Custer, Delmar, Dyer and Jackson represented a little higher decreased rate in yield.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.86-94
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to investigate the differences of the growth and yield characteristics at different planting dates in two soybean ecotypes from 1993 to 1994. Two summer types of soybean varieties, Suwon 163 and CNS 342, and two autumn types, Hwangkumkong and Keomcheongkong ＃1 were planted 7 times from 22 April to 21 June with 10 days interval in 1993 and 4 times from 22 April to 21 June with 20 days interval in 1994 at experimental field, Dankook University, Cheonan. Emergence rate was shown to difference between the summer types and the autumn types, as planting date delayed and between 1993 and 1994. The average emergence period was more shortened in 1994 than 1993. This was reduced as planting date delayed. Days to flowering, pod formation and maturity were shortened as planting date delayed, and observed that shortening of days to flowering and maturity were smaller in the summer types than the autumn types. Stem height, stem diameter, number of mainstem nodes, number of branches and number of branch nodes were different between the summer types and the autumn types and between 1993 and 1994. These were reduced as planting date delayed. The number of pods per plant was also different between 1993 and 1994, and reduced as planting date delayed. The number of seeds per pod was not different between 1993 and 1994, and shown to similar tendency as planting date delayed. It was observed that one hundred seed weight of the summer types were reduced, but the autumn types were not as planted date delayed in 1993. In 1994, one hundred seed weight was not measured because almost all pods were unfilled or shriveled probably due to high temperature during pod formation period. The rate of unfilled pods per plant was higher the autumn types than in the summer type of soybeans in 1994.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.134-134
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• 2022

Mungbean is used for not only seed but sprout, so, consumption of mungbean has been on the rise in Korea. Life cycle of mungbean tends to be short among Legume. For that reason, Mungbean can be harvested for various cropping system and season per regions and farmers regardless of sowing date and harvesting date. So, Prior research is needed about growth characters and life cycle of mungbean per sowing period. Mungebean cultivar 'Dahyun' and 'Sanpo' supplied by Korea Agriculture Technology Promotion Agency(KOAT) is cultivated in wagner pot. Sowing period is proper time of seeding in Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do that is major cultivation region of mungbean in korea from early May to mid July every 2 weeks. Length at maturity stage tends to increase from early May(sowing date: 4^th May) to early July(sowing date: 5^th July), but after that, It tends to decrease from mid July(sowing date: 19^th July). Number of branches and nods shows a similar trend. Length of pod has no tendency and no difference per sowing date. Number of pod per plants has also no tendency per sowing date. Test plots sowing in late May has the most number of pods.(Sanpo 22.9pods, Dahyun 16.8) Number of seeds per pod tends to increase to late May and Test plots sowing in mid July has the most number of seed per pod. In case of sowing at early May, Days of emergence is 7d. its summation of temperature is 132.2℃. After that, it tends to decrease to mid June. After mid June, Days of emergence is fixed to 3d. Average temperature growing up in this season, Summation of temperature from sowing to emergence takes the lowest point in test plots sowing in mid June.(Sanpo 88.6℃, Dahyun 88.6) Days of flowering tends to fasten from early May to mid July. Two cultivar shows same level. Days of maturity tends to fasten to mid June, after that tends to slow. In case that many research results about growth characters and life cycle mungbean per sowing period are drawn, it is expected that it result in increase of cultivation area and income of farmer.