• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.285-290
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• 2011

Caenorhabditis elegans undergoes a developmental molting process that involves a coordinated interplay among diverse intracellular pathways. Here, we investigated the functions of two fatty acid biosynthesis genes; pod-2, encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and fasn-1, encoding fatty acid synthase, in the C. elegans molting process. Although both the pod-2 and fasn-1 genes were expressed at constant levels throughout C. elegans development, knockdown of the proteins encoded by these genes using RNA interference produced severe defects in triglyceride production, molting, and reproduction that were coupled to suppression of NAS-37, a metalloprotease. An assessment of the structure and integrity of the cuticle using a COL-19::GFP marker and Hoechst 33258 staining showed that downregulation of either pod-2 or fasn-1 impaired cuticle formation and disrupted the integrity of the cuticle and the hypodermal membrane.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.507-516
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• 2004

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a geriatric dementia that is widespread in old age. In the near future AD will be the commom disease in public health service. Although a variety of oriental presciptions in study POD(Polygala tenuifolia extracted from dichlorometan) have been traditionally utilized for the treatment of AD, their pharmacological effects and action mechanisms have not yet fully elucidated. It has been widely believed that AP peptide divided from APP causes apoptotic neurotoxicity in AD brain. However, recent evidence suggests that CT105, carboxy terminal 105 aminoacids peptide fragment of APP, may be an important factor causing neurotoxicity in AD. SK-N-SH cells expressed with CT105 exhibited remarkable apoptotic cell damage. Based on morphological observations by phase contrast microscope and NO formation in the culture media, the CT105-induced cell death was significantly inhibited by POD. In addition, AD is one of brain degeneration disease. So We studied on herbal medicine that have a relation of brain degeneration. From old times, In Oriental Medicine, PO water extract has been used for disease in relation to brain degeneration. We were examined by ROS formation, neurite outgrowth assay and DPPH scravage assay. Additionally, we investigated the association between the CT105 and neurite degeneration caused by CT105-induced apoptotic response in neurone cells. We studied on the regeneratory and inhibitory effects of anti-Alzheimer disease in pCT105-induced neuroblastoma cell lines by POD. Findings from our experiments have shown that POD inhibits the synthesis or activities of CT105, which has neurotoxityies and apoptotic activities in cell line. In addition, treatment of POD(>50 ㎍/㎖ for 12 hours) partially prevented CT(105)-induced cytotoxicity in SK-N-SH cell lines, and were inhibited by the treatment with its. POD(>50 ㎍/㎖ for 12 hours) repaired CT105-induced neurite outgrowth when SK-N-SH cell lines was transfected with CT105. As the result of this study, In POD group, the apoptosis in the nervous system is inhibited, the repair against the degerneration of Neuroblastoma cells by CT105 expression is promoted. Decrease of memory induced by injection of scopolamin into rat was also attenuted by POD, based on passive avoidance test. Taken together, POD exhibited inhibition of CT105-induced apoptotic cell death. POD was found to reduce the activity of AchE and induced about the CA1 in rat hippocampus. Base on these findings, POD may be beneficial for the treatment of AD.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.269-272
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• 1981

To know the characteristics of flowering in rape, flower numbers, flowering speed, flowering period, pod numbers, pod formation period, and oil content were examined by individual plant and by each of branches per plant. The results are; 1) plant had in average 1, 400 to 1, 500 flowers, 2) completion of flowering per plant took 30 days, 3) pod numbers per plant was ranged from 560 to 630, 4) plant had 18 to 20 primary branches, 5) five days were needed for pod formation, 6) no difference in flowering speed by the position of branches, 7) flowering period was shortened by 0.5 days per branch by going to upper part, 8) oil content of seeds was significantly higher on the upper and lower part than on the middle part branches.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.383-389
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• 2014

POD analysis has been done to investigate the internal flow characteristics using LES calculation results of hybrid rocket combustion chamber. The special emphasis was put on the change in the mode energy distribution caused by the installation of diaphragm compared to the baseline case. Also the comparison was made to investigate the effect of wall blowing on the changes in the mode energy between the regions near and far from the diaphragm. For baseline case, POD results clearly distinguish the primary mode containing most of flow energy from the rest of flow modes (2-9 mode) depicting small scale modes. Also, the increase in the energy of flow modes 2-5 is responsible for the formation of relatively large scale structures due to diaphragm. In addition, the comparison of mode energy distributions of flow fields with diaphragm shows similar patterns in both wall blowing and no blowing case. This implies that the local increase in regression rate just after the diaphragm is directly associated with the increase in energy distributions of 2-5 modes.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.243-252
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• 2018

In a satellite gravimetry mission similar to GRACE, the precision of inter-satellite ranging is one of the key factors affecting the quality of gravity field recovery. In this paper, the impact of ranging precision on the accuracy of recovered geopotential coefficients is analyzed. Simulated precise orbit determination (POD) data and inter-satellite range data of formation-flying satellites containing white noise were generated, and geopotential coefficients were recovered from these simulated data sets using the crude acceleration approach. The accuracy of the recovered coefficients was quantitatively compared between data sets encompassing different ranging precisions. From this analysis, a rough prediction of the accuracy of geopotential coefficients could be obtained from the hypothetical mission. For a given POD precision, a ranging measurement precision that matches the POD precision was determined. Since the purpose of adopting inter-satellite ranging in a gravimetry mission is to overcome the imprecision of determining orbits, ranging measurements should be more precise than POD. For that reason, it can be concluded that this critical ranging precision matching the POD precision can serve as the minimum precision requirement for an on-board ranging device. Although the result obtained herein is about a very particular case, this methodology can also be applied in cases where different parameters are used.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.285-290
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to investigate the propagation system by seed to check growth, flowering, and making seed of three-year-old cactus of potted Mammillaria goldii. M. theresae, and M. pseudopeclinata. Plant height and width of them was 2.5~2.8 cm, and 2.8~3.1 cm, and seed formation of Mammillaria goldii and M. theresae had internal body taking130 to 135 days to ripening seeds, however, M. pseudopectinata had externals taking just 26 days to ripening seeds. The mean seeded pod from April to June of M. goldii was 50.0% and the number of seeds in a pod was 25.3. In M. theresae, the mean seeded pod from April to June was 57.3% and the number of seeds in a pod was 35.0. However, the highest rate of seeded pod on May of M. pseudopectinata was 75.0% and the number of seed in a pod was 66.0. The sib crossing was much more ripening seed fertilization than that of self cross ing in the Mammillaria. The self crossing was formed from 12.0% to 20.0% of seeded pod, from 12.0 to 16.0 number of seed in a pod. However, sib crossing obtained 58.0% of seeded pod, 30 seeds in a pod of M. goldii, 65.0% seeded pods and 40 seeds in a pod of M. theresae, and 75.0% seeded pod, 68 seeds in a pod of M. pseudopectinala as the highest of them.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.184-189
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• 2000

Callus was induced from the petioles of scented-geranium (Pelargonium graveolense) in MS medium containing various concentrations of plant growth regulators. The highest frequency of more than 70% of callus was induced in 2 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l BAP or 2 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l BAP combined treatment, while not in 2,4-D, NAA or BAP alone. When the callus was transferred to the MS medium containing 0.05 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l BAP, were highest intensity of shoot formation, 14 shoots/callus, was induced after 5 weeks. The highest rooting was observed on hormone-free rooting media from the regenerated shoots after 3 weeks, indicating that the regeneration from geranium callus might be possible by changing the hormone ratios. Peroxidase (POD) specific activities in callus induced from 2 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l BAP were higher than those of 2 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l BAP callus during the entire culture periods. POD isozyme C3 was the main cathodic POD isozyme expressed in NAA and BAP callus, while C1 was the main in 2,4-D and BAP callus. However, anodic POD isozymes, A1, A2 and A3 were expressed with similar activities in both hormone combinations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.36-37
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• 2005

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.177-181
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate activity difference in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) of tomato callus transformed with Agrobacterium containing the GUS gene. Than those of other two tomato cultivars, the hypocotyl explant of JA101 was shown to have higher POD and SOD specific activity of 23 unit/mg protein and 2,156 unit/mg protein, respectively. Relatively high frequency of callus formation was obtained from the hypocotyl explant on MS medium containing 1 mg/L 2,4-D for 30 days and its POD(47 unit/mg protein) and SOD (95,786 unit/mg protein) specific activities were higher than other 2,4-D concentration. The hypocotyl explant and callus cocultivated with Agrobacterium for 72 hours were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-D, 30 mg/L kanamycin, 30 g/L sucrose and 4 g/L Gelrite. The hypocotyl explants transferred to the medium formed callus with 45.5% effeciency after 8 weeks. The transformation efficiency confirmed by GUS assay was 21.6%. POD specific activity of the transformed callus (54 unit/mg protein) were somewhat lower than the non-transformed callus (64 unit/mgg protein) and SOD specific activity of the transformed callus (30,300 unit/mg protein) were also lower than the non-transformed callus (37,077 unit/mg protein). However there was no significant difference in POD and SOD isozyme patterns between the transformed and the non-transformed calluses. From these results, it revealed that there was no difference of antioxidant enzyme activities between the transformed callus and the non-transformed callus in tomato.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.86-94
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to investigate the differences of the growth and yield characteristics at different planting dates in two soybean ecotypes from 1993 to 1994. Two summer types of soybean varieties, Suwon 163 and CNS 342, and two autumn types, Hwangkumkong and Keomcheongkong ＃1 were planted 7 times from 22 April to 21 June with 10 days interval in 1993 and 4 times from 22 April to 21 June with 20 days interval in 1994 at experimental field, Dankook University, Cheonan. Emergence rate was shown to difference between the summer types and the autumn types, as planting date delayed and between 1993 and 1994. The average emergence period was more shortened in 1994 than 1993. This was reduced as planting date delayed. Days to flowering, pod formation and maturity were shortened as planting date delayed, and observed that shortening of days to flowering and maturity were smaller in the summer types than the autumn types. Stem height, stem diameter, number of mainstem nodes, number of branches and number of branch nodes were different between the summer types and the autumn types and between 1993 and 1994. These were reduced as planting date delayed. The number of pods per plant was also different between 1993 and 1994, and reduced as planting date delayed. The number of seeds per pod was not different between 1993 and 1994, and shown to similar tendency as planting date delayed. It was observed that one hundred seed weight of the summer types were reduced, but the autumn types were not as planted date delayed in 1993. In 1994, one hundred seed weight was not measured because almost all pods were unfilled or shriveled probably due to high temperature during pod formation period. The rate of unfilled pods per plant was higher the autumn types than in the summer type of soybeans in 1994.