• Health Policy and Management
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 2023

Background: To improve the support low-income individuals' medical expenses, it is necessary to think about ways to enhance the Catastrophic Health Expenditure Support Program. This study proposes expanding support criteria and changing the income standard. Methods: This study conducted simulations using national data from the National Health Insurance Service. Simulations performed for people who have used health services (n=172,764) in 2022 to confirm the Catastrophic Health Expenditure Support Program's size based on changes to the subject selection criteria. Results: As a result of the simulation with expanded criteria, the expected budget was estimated to increase between Korean won (KRW) 13.2 (11.5%) and 138.6 billion (37.4%), and the number of recipients increased between 41,979 (48.9%) and 150,317 (76.1%). The results of the simulation for the change in income criteria (applied to health insurance levels below the 50th percentile) estimated the expected budget to increase between KRW -8.9 (-7.8%) and 55.6 billion (15.0%) and the number of recipients to increase between -8,704 (-10.1%) and 41,693 (21.1%) compared to the current standard. Conclusion: The 2023 Catastrophic Health Expenditure Support Program's criteria were expanded as per the 20th Presidential Office's national agenda to alleviate the burden of medical expenses on the low-income class. In addition, The Catastrophic Health Expenditure Support Program needs to be integrated with other medical expense support policies in the mid- to long-term, and a foundation must be prepared to ensure the consistency of each system.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.621-632
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• 2021

This study is about development and application of a curriculum to implement physical computing education in an online environment for pre-service teachers. First, a 15-week software and physical computing curriculum was designed according to the ADDIE instructional design model. As a tool that can be used online, education was conducted on a program using various sensors using Pocket Code, an EPL based on a smartphone. As a result of the application of the program, Personal efficacy, Pedagogical knowledge, Technology teaching content knowledge, Result expectation, and Student belief were all significantly improved. In the software attitude part, Software interest and Software value part increased significantly, and the Perception of software engineers did not change. In general, in the case of physical computing, it is difficult to execute in an online environment because it involves a lot of manipulation activity. Through various studies that can continue education in a non-face-to-face environment or a blended environment in the post-corona era, it is hoped that it will be possible to provide a high-quality curriculum to pre-service teachers in charge of future education.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.161-168
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• 2006

Wibro(Wibro - Wireless Broadband Internet ) is a system that can accept effectively the IP-based Wireless data traffic with upward / downward asymmetric transfer characteristic by using a Wirelss broadband transfer technology in OFDMA/TDD (Orthogonal frequency Division Multiple Access/Time Division Duplex). Wibro service should support handover to maintain connection continuously in movement because the service is based on If system which is different from cellular system. Current Micro Mobility system and general Mobile If system has got a problem of delayed speed and lost packets during handover. IETF protocol has been proposed for minimizing this problem and its standardization is under process, mainly focused on Mip4, Mip6 and Mipshop WG. This article studies and analyzes an effective method of minimizing handover delay to improve the problem of WiBro system and its revitalization & outlook.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.252-265
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• 2017

This study aims to analyze the landscape ecological characteristics of green spaces within built up area of high density and evaluate the potential applicability of green patches, thereby introducing urban garden for generating green networks in residence areas. To this end, Yeoksam-Dong was selected as the site area since it is classified as both green initiative zone and alienated area of park service in Seoul. First, the current condition of green spaces in Yeoksam-Dong was identified by five categories: Street trees, private garden, public pocket garden, rooftop garden, and park. Then, the landscape index analysis through FRAGSTATS and connectivity assessment via multi-buffer zone analysis were carried out for analyzing the green networks and evaluating the potential value of green space. The results showed that the degree to which green areas in the site were distributed is arranged in the order of street tree, private garden, public pocket garden, park, and rooftop garden. In case of the street trees whose total core area (TCA, $1,618m^2$) is as high as the park's ($1,128m^2$). Private garden has potential for green network in built up area of high density by gardening since the shape of the patches are irregular (ED = 78.1m/ha) and the average distance among the patches is close (ENN=33.9m). Public pocket garden has also potential for gardening according to the result that it was found to be distributed evenly (LPI=5.7%, SHEI=0.9) with exposing external disturbance ($TCA=66m^2$). For the green network, 84% of all the study site is covered by small green network in 50m butter range of connected green area. The effect of green network was expected through gardening in public pocket garden (27%) and street tree (26%). Accordingly, it is encouraged to actively utilize street tree, private gardens, and rooftop gardens and to establish the urban gardens like local-based community gardens in public pocket garden where a variety of activities can be carried out near residential areas. By doing so, green networks can effectively be established in built up area with high density. The results of this study can contribute positively to fostering the creation of various types of urban gardens.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.547-558
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• 2004

The purposes of this study were to classify shopper types based on clothing shopping orientations and to identify the differences in store selection criteria and demographic characteristics by shopper types. The questionnaire was administered to female and male undergraduate and graduate students living in Seoul. Of 330 returned questionnaires, 319 were used in the statistical analysis which were factor analysis, cluster analysis, $\chi$$^2$-test, and One-way ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Clothing shopping orientations had six factors: recreational shopping, name conscious shopping, economic shopping, fashion oriented shopping, convenience shopping. and individualistic shopping. Cluster analysis identified that clothing shopping orientations had four groups: recreational cluster, individualistic cluster, demanding shopper cluster, and convenient brand conscious shopper cluster. 2) Clothing shopping orientations were significantly different in relation to the demographic characteristics such as gender, major field of study, expenditure on clothing, pocket money, and family income level. 3) Store selection criteria had five factors: service quality, physical store environment, sales personnel, shopping convenience, and other attractions. 4) There were significant differences in physical store environment, shopping convenience, and other attractions according to the shopper clusters.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.51-59
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• 2013

The smart device is a personal device and has the ability to use built-in sensors. Therefore, it is possible to provide individually customized services through recognizing the user's context from the sensor information. For these customized services, the user's moving status is the important information that can be utilized in many areas. Because the existing researches on determining the user's moving status assume that the user has a smart device in his/her pocket or bag, if the user is using his/her smart device it is not suitable for exactly distinguishing the user's moving status. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes an algorithm to determine the user's using and moving status. Our proposed algorithm utilizes smart device's events to distinguish the smart device usage and the accelerometer sensor data to determine the user's movement. As an analyzing result through the real experiment, the accuracy of our algorithm is about 75 percent on average.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.61-74
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• 2002

In late 1980s, many suburban cities in Tokyo metropolitan area have tried to construct office parks, such as Makuhari New Town, Minato Mirai 21 to promote knowledge based economy. As the most important player of this mesa project, the local government mobilized local resources from various private sectors. The local government adopted place marketing strategy to attract companies and consumers with thick pocket. The composition of this strategy embraces publicity, uniqueness, centrality of function and information and comfortability for formation of the office park. Headquarters and producer service offices were relocated in the suburban office parks for the first time in the history of modem Tokyo since 1920s. Although it is the ongoing project that encounters some financial difficulties, the office park Project will be a sound foundation for future growth of knowledge-based economy.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.182-199
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• 2023

Since 2021, government departments have been promoting Automated Driving Technology Development and Innovation Project as national research and development(R&D) project. The automated vehicles and service technologies developed as part of these projects are planned to be subsequently provided to the public at the selected Living Lab City. Therefore, it is important to determine a spatial area and operation section that enables safe and stable automated driving, depending on the purpose and characteristics of the target service. In this study, the static Operational Design Domain(ODD) elements for Level 4 automated driving services were reclassified by reviewing previously published papers and related literature surveys and investigating field data. Spatial analysis techniques were used to consider the reclassified ODD elements for level 4 in the real area of level 3 automated driving services because it is important to reflect the spatial factors affecting safety related to real automated driving technologies and services. Consequently, a total of six driving mode changes(disengagement) were derived through spatial information analysis techniques, and the factors affecting the safety of automated driving were crosswalk, traffic light, intersection, bicycle road, pocket lane, caution sign, and median strip. This spatial factor analysis method is expected to be useful for determining special areas for the automated driving service.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.3-18
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• 2023

Background: A chronic disease management program including patient education, recall and remind service, and reduction of out-of-pocket payment was implemented in Korea through a chronic care model. This study aimed to assess the effect of a community-based intervention program for improving medication adherence of patients with diabetes mellitus in rural areas of Korea. Methods: We applied a non-equivalent control group design using Korean National Health Insurance Big Data. Hongcheon County has been continuously adopting this program since 2012 as an intervention region. Hoengseong County did not adopt such program. It was used as a control region. Subjects were a cohort of patients with diabetes mellitus aged more than 65 years but less than 85 years among residents for 11 years from 2010 to 2020. After 1:1 matching, there were 368 subjects in the intervention region and 368 in the control region. Indirect indicators were analyzed using the difference-in-difference regression according to Andersen's medical use model. Results: The increasing percent point of diabetic patients who continuously received insurance benefits for more than 240 days from 2010 to 2014 and from 2010 to 2020 were 2.6%p and 2.7%p in the intervention region and 3.0%p and 3.9%p in the control region, respectively. The number of dispensations per prescription of diabetic patient in the intervention region increased by approximately 4.61% by month compared to that in the control region. Conclusion: The intervention program encouraged older people with diabetes mellitus to receive continuous care for overcoming the rule of halves in the community. More research is needed to determine whether further improvement in the continuity of comprehensive care can prevent the progression of cardiovascular diseases.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.66-77
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• 2009

This study aims to examine the effect of socioeconomic status (hereafter, SES) on healthcare utilization of the patients with rare and incurable diseases. Information of 2,973 patients who were self-employed insured and utilized healthcare service in 2007 was drawn from the National Health Insurance (hereafter, NHI) claim data. SES was set as four groups based on the monthly contribution. Outcome variable was the expense for outpatient and in-hospital services, which was log-transformed and square-rooted in oder to obtain normal distribution. Covariates included age, gender, residence and diagnosis. To examine the effects after controlling for covariates, we employed generalized estimating equation model, since patients with the same diagnosis are likely to have similar characteristics of demographics and healthcare utilization. Univariate statistics showed that lower SES was associated with less utilization of healthcare services. After controlling for covariates, a significantly smaller amount of money was expended for the lowest SES group compared to the highest one. Rural residence was associated with less utilization, except that residents in Seoul significantly more utilized outpatient services in tertiary hospitals. Considering that there is a subsidy program for the low income patients, such differences in healthcare utilization according to SES seems to result from the burden of out-of-pocket payments for uncovered services of the NHI.