• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.2 s.109
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• pp.83-91
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze the arrangement of parks, in whole city level by using park's effective distance and to find the accessibility obstacles in case of using parks, in boundary of each parks' effective distance, so that to show how to improve communities' usage of city parks. The 8 cities in Gyeonggi-do and analysed the effective distance of parks. To find the accessibility obstacles in the boundary of parks' effective distance, 1) we choose 18 sample parks and extract obstacles - wide road, rail road, river- in interior and verify it by field survey and asking the park user's residents directly. The main findings of this study can be summarized as follows: First, Ansan city and Goyang city are only satisfied with the minimal city parks size standard, so that the rest 6 cities are lack of quantities which residents can use. The result of analyzing effective distance in whole city level, parks are mainly designated in new-town, so that most cities which have old-towns have very poor park systems to use. Because Ansan city is new-planned city, it is very effective arrangement in park systems exceptionally. Second, $96.2\%$ of park users' are living in the area which was easy to gain access not intercepted by wide road, rail road or river. Third, therefore at the stage of planning park, effective distance and resident's accessibility as well as park's supply quantitatively are needed to be considered. In addition, selection of location and elevation of resident's safety and accessibility through making a plan must be reflected. In the low accessibility area, the program to improve park's accessibility and amenity - like making small park or pocket park, linking parks with resident-friendly road etc.- has to be investigated.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.35 no.4 s.111
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• pp.286-294
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an electric toothbrush, with a specially designed orthodontic brush head, compared to a manual toothbrush on the periodontal health of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances Forty patients were randomly divided into two groups. the electric and the manual toothbrush groups, 1 month after attachment of fixed orthodontic appliances. Periodontal status was measured using a plaque index, a gingival index. a bleeding index, a pocket depth and a relative attachment loss, at baseline and after 3 months. 6 months, 9 mouths. and 12 mouths. The Braun Oral-B Plak Control with Ortho OD 15-1 brush head was used as the electric toothbrush while the Butler G.U.M 124 was given as the manual toothbrush. In the manual toothbrush group, the giugival and bleeding indices showed no statistically significant differences, but the plaque index was significantly decreased (P<0.001) and pocket depth as well as relative attachment loss were significantly increased (p<0.01). In the electric toothbrush group. the bleeding index, pocket depth and relative attachment loss showed no statistically significant differences. but the plaque and gingival indices were significantly decreased (p<0.001). In the case of the plaque. giugival and bleeding indices, there were no statistically significant differences between the electric and the manual toothbrush groups. On the contrary, in the case of pocket depth and relative attachment loss, there were statistically significant differences between the electric and the manual toothbrush groups: an increase in the manual toothbrush groups unlike the electric toothbrush group which kept the same state (P<0.05) These findings suggest that an electric toothbrush is useful for orthodontic patients with fixed appliances.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10b
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• pp.123-124
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• 2002

A press shoe is an element of a machine for squeezing water from wood pulp in the field of manufacturing paper. This is used to compress the pulp enveloped by felt sheet with a large roller. The squeezing force is made by hydraulic pressure. The press shoe has a mechanism similar to a partial hydrostatic bearing. The pressure profile between press shoe and roller affects their squeezing ability, and partial peak pressure can tear the wet pulp. The curvature of the surface of press shoe varies to reduce the peak pressure and increase the mean pressure simultaneously. Therefore, the prediction of pressure distribution considering partially changed curvature of hydrostatic bearing is very important for designing the press shoe. In this study, the difference formulation of Reynolds' equation for partial hydrostatic bearing is by direct numerical method and a computer program to calculate the pressure distribution is developed. We investigate the effect of partially changed curvature of bearing surface on the pressure distribution. Other design parameter for hydrostatic bearing such as depth of pocket and relative velocity are also studied.

• KSTLE International Journal
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.90-94
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• 2002

A press shoe is an element of a machine for squeezing water from wood pulp in the field of manufacturing paper. This is used to compress the pulp enveloped by felt sheet with a large roller. The squeezing farce is made by hydraulic pressure. The press shoe has a mechanism similar to a partial hydrostatic bearing. The pressure profile between press shoe and roller affects their squeezing ability, and partial peak pressure can tear the wet pulp. The curvature of the surface of press shoe varies to reduce the peak pressure and increase the mean pressure simultaneously, Therefore, the prediction of pressure distribution considering partially changed curvature of hydrostatic bearing is very important far designing the press shoe. In this study, the difference formulation of Reynolds equation far partial hydrostatic bearing is derived by direct numerical method and a computer program to calculate the pressure distribution is developed. We investigate the effect of partially changed curvature of bearing surface on the pressure distribution. Other design parameter far hydrostatic bearing such as depth of pocket and relative velocity are also studied.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2004

In this paper, keeping pace with light weight, pocket-size, lower-price, we design VCO(Voltage Controlled Oscillator) X/Ku band for using at public RD(Radar Detector) to apply to controlled voltage on base in transistor which used as a oscillator, without using varactor diode in part of VCO tuner. As a result of simulation, we conclude VCO could be have 110 MHz by controlled voltage 4.25 V to 4.80 V and show its output 9.63 dBm at operating frequency, 11.46 GHz, and its phase noise -107.2 dBc at 1 MHz offset frequency. So it turned out suitable performance for commercial use.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.139-146
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• 2002

This study deals with the characterizing and the application like as insulation materials in the joint part in concrete surface layer and waterproofing sheet especially for roof slabs. Using steel materials and butil-rubber tape to band waterproofing sheet and concrete surface together before this waterproofing system will be applied. It can be expected to both the curability and the watertightness by coating poly-urethane 2 or 3 times with sheet surface. Therefore this waterproofing system can be possible to protect water without the damage when vapor is going out from concrete and without air pockets because of the difference temperature inside and out. This system particularly consists of air bents and elastic waterproofing sheet considering the physical damage while water can cause purely physical damage. This system is one of the most efficient ways of waterproofing system without air pocket.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.131-145
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• 1994

The leisure demands and the interests for the quality of urban residents have been increased, but the leisure space is absolutely deficient. In the leisure site planning, the concrete understanding about people's leisure site choice is the most important thing, not only for the aspect of the leisure demands reception and the improvement of the life quality but also the aspect of the efficiency of land use. The purposes of this study are firstly, to find out prefered leisure sites, secondly, to establish the choice models of the each prefered leisure site to be substituted for existing indiscriminating leisure space planning. And for the choice model establishment, we used Logit Model, which has been used in the Traffic, the Toursim, the Economics fields. We extract people's perfered leisure sites in Seoul through 1st and 2nd survey, those are a park, a pocket park, a play hall, a recreation center(sport center), a hobby facility, a library. The established choice model for each prefered site can predict people's choice about 70 percents correctly. It indicates that the Logit model is useful for the explanation about the choice of residents in the urban area. Specially, the main affect factors to the choice of each prefered leisure site are different. It means that different consideration factors or different standards are needed for each leisure site planning.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.79-83
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• 2019

Robotic surgery facilitates surgical procedures by employing flexible arms with multiple degrees of freedom and providing high-quality 3-dimensional imaging. Robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate reconstruction is currently performed to avoid breast scars. Four patients with invasive ductal carcinoma underwent robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate robot-assisted expander insertion. Through a 6-cm incision along the anterior axillary line, sentinel lymph node biopsy and nipple-sparing mastectomy were performed by oncologic surgeons. The pectoralis major muscle was elevated, an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) sling was created with robotic assistance, and an expander was inserted into the subpectoral, sub-ADM pocket. No patients had major complications such as hematoma, seroma, infection, capsular contracture, or nipple-areolar necrosis. The mean operation time for expander insertion was 1 hour and 20 minutes, and it became shorter with more experience. The first patient completed 2-stage prosthetic reconstruction and was highly satisfied with the unnoticeable scar and symmetric reconstruction. We describe several cases of immediate robot-assisted prosthetic breast reconstruction. This procedure is a feasible surgical option for patients who want to conceal surgical scars.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.7
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• pp.137-152
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to research on concept, consisting factors, and specialties of theme park' character costumes to understand better about character costumes as well as to establish fundamental research data. The characteristics of character costumes in the theme park are as follows. First, theme park' character costumes are personified so that visitors may feel friendly and have emotional communication with them. Specially, costume that anthropomorphize an animal(85.3%) and silhouette of lozenge style(86.8%) dominated the highest weight. Animal figures are walking upright and wearing human's clothes. They communicate with visitors using mime actions. Second, various types of body proportion is applied to highlight the characteristics of character costume. Most character costumes are applied with unrealistic body proportion. This unrealistic body proportion give abnormal image and looks funny. The important factor is size of their head. Especially, 3.5 body proportion(78.9%) is general. Third, simplification, exaggeration, shrinkage, and modification are other factors. Simplification is applied differently by parts. Pocket, collar details are simplified to clarify the character's image. More simplification can lead to ommission. For their head, peculiar parts look stand out but other parts are simplified to stress their characteristics. Exaggeration is used with shrinkage to give strong impression to visitors. Forms are broken intentionally and they are modified. They look impressive because they are not harmonized. It is unexpected image and induces humor and familiar feelings. Matter of stylization includes exaggeration, shrinkage, modification and movement of actors that have tangible factor of character costume.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.691-703
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• 1998

The 16S rRNA analyzing method is a bacterial identification method that is useful in identifying bacteria which is difficult to do by other means. The following 7 types of bacteria which are Treponema, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, Fusobacterium, B. forsythus, P. intermedia, P. micros were evaluated in order to study their distribution among patients with adult periodontitis. The 16S rRNA analyzing method was used to compare bacterial distribution among 3 groups. Subgingival plaque acquired from the affected sites(pocket depth ${\geq}6mm$) of 29 patients with adult periodontitis were grouped as the experimental group while plaque from the non-affected sites(pocket depth ${\leq}3mm$) were grouped as control 2 and finally plaque acquired from students with healthy periodontal tissues were grouped as control 1. The results are as follows ; 1. The distribution of Treponema was 12.5% for control 1, 21.4% for control 2 and 75.4% for the experimental group. For A. actinomycetemcomitans the distribution was 0.5%, 19.0%, 44.4% in respect to the order of groups mentioned above. P.gingivalis showed 10.5%, 43.1%, 94.0% distribution, Fusobacterium 33.0%, 48.3%, 81.0% distribution, B. forsythus 9.5%, 17.2%, 65.9% distribution, P. intermedia 1.0%, 12.1%, 26.3% distribution and finally P. micros 5.0%, 19.0%, 48.7% respectively. In all 7 types of bacteria, the experimental group showed higher bacterial distribution compared to the other two groups with statistically significant difference. 2. In the case of Treponema, A. actinomycetemcomitans, gingivalis,Fusobacterium, B. forsythus, P. intermedia, P. micros showed significant difference between control 1 and 2. These results suggest that the 16S rRNA analyzing method which was applied on Koreans for the first time could be utilized and useful in finding potential pathogens of periodontal disease.