• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.39 no.5
• /
• pp.502-511
• /
• 1994

Investigated were the relationships between plumule elongation characteristics and seedling emergence of 98 varieties including native, improved and red rice varieties of Korea, and varieties from U.S.A., Italy, Japan, etc. under proper and excess soil moisture regimes. Under excess soil moisture condition the seedling emergence and establishment rates were much lower in most of the varieties and the seedling emergence rates were delayed substantially in all varieties employed. The seedling emergence rates were lowest in dwarf and some semi-dwarf varieties showing poor plumule elongation under proper soil moisture condition. The seedling emergence and establishment rates were significantly correlated with the length of mesocotyl, coleoptile and incomplete leaf under both soil moisture regimes, and with the lower first and second internode length under excess soil moisture condition. Average emergence duration showed significant negative correlation with the length of mesocotyl, coleoptile and incomplete leaf under both soil moisture regimes and significant positive correlations with the first and third lower internode length. Based on the standardized partial regression analysis only the variations of mesocotyl and coleoptile length contributed significantly to the varietal difference in seedling establishment rate, and so did the variations of mesocotyl and incomplete leaf length to the varietal differences in emergence speed. In conclusion varieties with greater elongation characteristics of mesocotyl, coleoptile and incomplete leaf are desirable for higher and speedy seedling establishment in dry-direct seeding.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.175-180
• /
• 2000

Cotyledonary somatic embryos after being cultured in a liquid MS medium for 1 week were subcultured on a solid MS medium and then the embryos germinated at a rate of 92%, but the rate was lowered by extending the culture period of the embryos on a liquid medium: 26% germination on a liquid medium culture for 4 weeks. Somatic embryos subcultured on the liquid medium showed the normal elongation of hypocotyl and radicle but in part showed secondary embryogenesis on hypocotyl and callus formation on and around the root-hypocotyl juncture. Through observation of scanning electron microscope, apical meristem in plumule showed the loose arrangement of cells, and abnormal leaf primordium formation and growth arrest of the primordium or no leaf primordium formation. Therefore, it is suggested that the germination arrest of carrot somatic embryos on liquid medium culture is due to the structural abnormality of the apical meristem in plumule.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 1995

Investigated were the relationships between plumule elongation characteristics and seedling emergence of 46 varieties including native, improved and red rice varieties of Korea, and varieties from U.S.A., Italy, India, Japan under 1, 3, and 5cm deep sowing with irrigated and non-irrigated condition. Experiments were carried out in paddy field of sandy loam. There was heavy shower of 19.2mm on the next day of seeding and thereafter, clear and dry weather continued during the experiment period. Soil temperature averaged over 30 days after seeding was $16.4^{\circ}C$ at 3cm depth. Soil hardness increased linearly up to 2.5kg /$cm^2$ on the 14th day after seeding, on which date irrigated plot was irrigated through furrow, and up to 4kg / $cm^2$ on the 28th day in non-irrigated plot. Soil hardness dropped near to 0kg /$cm^2$ after irrigation and developed up to 2.5kg /$cm^2$ again by 28 days after seeding. Seedling emergence was higher in irrigated plots than non-irrigated plots at all seeding depths. Korean improved varieties were substantially lower in seedling emergence under non-irrigated condition of 1 cm deep sowing than those under irrigated condition. This poor seedling emergence resulted mainly from delayed emergence by exposing them to greater soil strength. Percent seedling emergence under irrigated and non-irrigated condition showed signifi-cant correlations at 3 and 5 cm deep sowing. Korean improved varieties belonged to the group of poor seedling emergence, and I taliconaverneco, Chinsura Boro and Weld Pally to best group under both irrigation conditions at 3 and 5cm deep sowing. Seedling emergence showed highly signifi-cant positive correlation with the plumule length of mesocotyl ＋ 1st internode ＋ incomplete leaf and of mesocotyl＋coleoptile. Among the characters constituting plumule length, incomplete leaf length showed greatest positive correlation followed by coleoptile and mesocotyl under irrigated condition at 3 and 5 cm deep sowing, and highest correlation with mesocotyllength followed by first internode and incomplete leaf under non-irrigated condition. Days to 50% seedling emergence at 1 cm deep sowing with irrigation showed great varietal variation of 10 to 30 days, and showed high significant negative correlations with percent seedling emergence under both irrigation conditions except for 1 cm deep sowing with irrigation, Days to seedling emergence revealed sig-nificant negative correlations with plumule characters except 2nd internode, showing highest cor-relation with incomplete leaf length.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 1992

Structural changes of the endosperm of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer from fertilization to germination were investigated by light microscope. The endosperm of the ginseng seed is cellular type. Since endosperm cells adjacent embryo continuously breakdown and disappear with the elongation of embryo, the real of endosperm is gradually decreased. As the anatropous ovules of immature seed with green seed coat developes more and more, ovary cells adjacent ovary cavity become abundant by the periclinal division, their size is decreased, hypotrophy of cell wall discern, and they are gradually differentiated in seed coat. Though embryo responds strongly to basic dye at the stage of completion of endosperm formation, tissue of endosperm responds to acidic dye positively Cell wall of embryo and endosperm are composed of primary cell wall not lignified. Endosperm cells adjacent embryo begin to breakdown in the endosperm tissue of indehiscent seed before the beginning of the after-ripening. Dehiscent seed of which seed coat is opened through after-ripening represent the form as a seedling in the result of embryo developments with the formation of organs; radicle, cotyledon, plumule. Umbilifom layer represents strong positive response to the toluidine blue and the basic function. Umbiliform layer that endosperm cells breakdown and disappear is observed clearly at the periphery of the embryo cotylemon, while slightly at the periphery of the radicle.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.28-33
• /
• 1989

This study was examined for the effect of tuber size, bud and tuber removal, and tuber cutting on growth of Eleockaris kuroguwai Ohwi. Elongation of plumule and radicle, and the weights of tuber, rhizome and shoot were increased as tuber size is large. The weights of shoot and tuber reduced by bud planting without tuber at 15 days after budding, however number of tubers were increased compared with normal tuber. When cross-cutting tubers were seeded, the weights of shoot, rhizome and tuber were produced as 84%, 85%, 71%, respectively compared with normal tuber, and the number of tubers was not influenced. The weights of tuber, rhizome and shoot were lowed as the bud removal, and there were a great number of tubers at bud removal of 15 days after budding. Tuber of E. k, contained as nonfibrous 78.9gr, phosphorous 77mg, iron 16.8mg, niacin 1.3mg per 100gr edble portion. The positive correlations were observed between shoot weight and tuber weight, and number of tubers.