• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.411-419
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• 2003

자동차에서 배출되어지는 NO$_2$(또는 TSP)에 대한 환경영향평가는 사람들의 건강과 환경보존의 관점에서 그 지역의 거주자를 위해서 필요한 것이다. 환경영향평가 수행을 위한 필드 조사에서, 수치모의를 위해서 정확한 농도가 계산되어지고 기상 데이터는 관측되어진다. 수치모의를 하기 위한 배경농도를 결정하기 위해서, NO$_2$(또는 TSP)의 연평균농도는 Puff-Plume 모델을 이용하여 계산되어진다. 만약 계산된 결과들이 환경에 영향을 미치게 되면, 이 결과는 환경보존활동에 고려되어야만 한다. 본 시스템은 이러한 환경영향평가를 예측과정을 손쉽게 할 수 있도록 개발되었다. 또한 이 시스템은 인터체인지와 터널 입구 등과 같은 특수한 도로를 제외한 일반도로에서 배출되는 대기오염의 농도를 예측하고자 하는 사용자를 위하여 제공되어진다. 또한, 이 시스템은 농도의 계산뿐만 아니라 결과를 그래프로 나타내는 기능도 포함되어 있다. 이 시스템을 이용함으로써 직업프로그래머가 아닌 초보자인 사용자일지라도 여러 가지 계산결과 및 결과 그래프를 간단하게 얻을 수 있다.

• International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Korean Journal of Geophysical Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.43-58
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• 1998

The Kwinana Shoreline Fumigation Experiment (KSFE) took place at Fremantle, WA, Australia between January 23 and February 8, 1995. The CSIRO DAR LIDAR measured plume sections from near the Kwinana Power Station (KPS) stacks to up to about 5 km downstream. It also measured boundary layer aerosols and the structure of the boundary layer on some occasions. Both stages A and C of KPS were used as tracers at different times. The heart of the LIDAR system is a Neodymium-doped Yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser operating at a fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm, with harmonics of 532 nm and 355 nm. For these experiments the third harmonic was used because the UV wavelength at 355 nm is eye safe beyond about 50 m. The laser fires a pulse of light 6 ns in duration (about 1.8 m long) and with an energy (at the third harmonic) of about 70 mJ. This pulse subsequently scattered and absorbed by both air molecules and particles in the atmosphere. A small fraction of the laser beam is scattered back to the LIDAR, collected by a telescope and detected by a photo-multiplier tube. The intensity of the signal as a function of time is a measure of the particle concentration as a function of distance along the line of the laser shot. The smoke plume was clearly identifiable in the scans both before and after fumigation in the thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL). Both power station plumes were detected. Over the 9 days of operation, 1,568 plumes scans (214 series) were performed. Essentially all of these will provide instantaneous plume heights and widths, and there are many periods of continuous operation over several hours when it should be possible to compile hourly average plume statistics as well. The results of four days LIDAR observations of the dispersion of smoke plume in the TIBL at a coastal site are presented for the case of stages A and C.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2009

Typhoon Rusa in 2002 was recorded as causing the biggest damage due to flood in our country. With the enormous damage to the land, the flood was totally discharged to the open sea. As a result, in the coastal area, the discharging of a river had a big influence in comparison to the scale of the coastal area, which suffered damaged due to the discharging of the river. As it cleared the land, the load was totally discharging into the sea, where it caused various problems due to its influence on the ecosystem. These included changes to the environment, like a difference in salinity and the inflow of a land load. Therefore, in this study, a Lagrangian particle tracking model was constructed using a flow model capable of solving the behavior of a river plume, supposing Sachon Bay. It is performed the research able to tendency-like valuation and reappearance about real event. The result was that the model was well approximated the sea area tendency and the river plume of the specific event.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.1321-1326
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• 2002

A numerical model is investigated to predict a behavior of the gaseous volatile organic compounds and a subsurface contamination caused by them in the unsaturated zone. Two dimensional advective-dispersion equation caused by a density difference and two dimensional diffusion equation are computed by a finite difference method in the numerical model. A laboratory experiment is also carried out to compare the results of the numerical model. The dimensions of the experimental plume are 1.2m in length, 0.5m in height, and 0.05m in thickness. In comparing the result of 2 methods used in the numerical model with the one of the experiment respectively, the one of the advective-dispersion equation shows better than the one the diffusion equation.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2001

Mean concentrations of ammonia gas released as a tracer from an isolated low-rise building have been measured and predicted. Predictions were calculated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and two dispersion models: a diffusion model and a Lagrangian particle tracking technique. Explicit account was taken of the natural variation of wind direction by a technique based on the weighted summation of individual steady state wind direction results according to the probability density function of the wind direction. The results indicated that at distances >3 building heights downstream the weighted predictions from either model are satisfactory but that in the near wake the diffusion model is less successful. Weighted solutions give significantly improved predictions over unweighted results. Lack of plume spread is identified as the main cause of inaccuracies in predictions and this is linked to inadequate resolution of flow features and mixing in the CFD model. Further work on non-steady state simulation of wake flows for dispersion studies is recommended.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2008

A numerical simulation method has been developed to predict atmospheric flow and stack gas diffusion using a calculation domain of several km around a stack under complex terrain conditions containing buildings. The turbulence closure technique using a modified k-$\varepsilon$-type model under a non hydrostatic assumption was used for the flow calculation, and some of the calculation grids near the ground were treated as buildings using a terrain-following coordinate system. Stack gas diffusion was predicted using the Lagrangian particle model, that is, the stack gas was represented by the trajectories of released particles. The numerical model was applied separately to the flow and stack gas diffusion around a cubical building and to a two-dimensional ridge in this study, before being applied to an actual terrain containing buildings in our next study. The calculated flow and stack gas diffusion results were compared with those obtained by wind tunnel experiments, and the features of flow and stack gas diffusion, such as the increase in turbulent kinetic energy and the plume spreads of the stack gas behind the building and ridge, were reproduced by both calculations and wind tunnel experiments. Furthermore, the calculated profiles of the mean velocity, turbulent kinetic energy and concentration of the stack gas around the cubical building and the ridge showed good agreement with those of wind tunnel experiments.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2020

국외에서는 DNAPL오염부지 정화처리 과정에서 오염된 저투수성 매체를 주요 관리대상으로 고려하며, 저투수성 매체로부터 역확산하는 오염물질과 대수층 오염 지속성에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되어 왔다. 그러나 국내 지하수 분야에서는 관련 연구가 미비한 실정이기 때문에, 본 논문은 저투수성 매체에서 오염물질의 정확산 및 역확산 현상을 소개하고 대표적인 연구사례를 통해 그 중요성을 제안하고자 한다. 본 논문에서는 저투수성 매체의 경계조건에 따른 6개의 정확산 및 역확산 시나리오와 각각의 시나리오에 사용된 해석해를 제시하였다. FI (forward diffusion into infinite domain)와 BI (back diffusion from infinite domain) 시나리오는 저투수성 매체의 깊이를 무한하게 가정한 경우, 정확산과 역확산 시나리오를 나타내며 과거 대다수의 저투수성 매체와 관련된 연구에서 사용되었다. 최근 연구에서는 저투수성 매체의 깊이를 유한하게 고려하고 있으며, 본 연구에서 사용한 유한 경계에서 정확산 시나리오는 FFN(forward diffusion into finite domain with no flux boundary), 역확산 시나리오는 BFN (back diffusion from finite domain with no flux boundary)이다. 또한 저투수성 매체 하부 경계를 통한 오염물질의 이동이 가능할 때 정확산 시나리오는 FFF (forward diffusion into finite domain with flux boundary), 역확산 시나리오는 BFF (back diffusion from finite domain with flux boundary)에 해당한다. 본 논문에서 제시한 시나리오와 해석해를 사용한 모델링은 저투수성 매체의 깊이 또는 오염 노출 기간 등의 현장 특성에 맞는 오염처리 공법을 선정하는데 기여할 수 있다. 또한 모델링 결과는 대수층의 정화 이후에도 역확산으로 발생하는 오염의 지속기간, 오염 정도 등의 정보를 제공함으로써 보다 효율적인 오염 정화처리에 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.162-174
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• 2014

An abnormal decrease in ozonesonde sensor signal occurred during air-pollution study campaigns in November 2011 and March 2012 in Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). Sharp drops in sensor signal around 5 km above sea level and above were observed in November 2011, and a reduction of signal over a broad range of altitude was observed in the convective boundary layer in March 2012. Circumstantial evidence indicated that $SO_2$ gas interfered with the electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozone sensors in the ozonesonde and that this interference was the cause of the reduced sensor signal output. The sharp drops in November 2011 were attributed to the $SO_2$ plume from Popocat$\acute{e}$petl volcano southeast of MCMA. Experiments on the response of the ECC sensor to representative atmospheric trace gases showed that only $SO_2$ could cause the observed abrupt drops in sensor signal. The vertical profile of the plume reproduced by a Lagrangian particle diffusion simulation supported this finding. A near-ground reduction in the sensor signal in March 2012 was attributed to an $SO_2$ plume from the Tula industrial complex north-west of MCMA. Before and at the time of ozonesonde launch, intermittent high $SO_2$ concentrations were recorded at ground-level monitoring stations north of MCMA. The difference between the $O_3$ concentration measured by the ozonesonde and that recorded by a UV-based $O_3$ monitor was consistent with the $SO_2$ concentration recorded by a UV-based monitor on the ground. The vertical profiles of the plumes estimated by Lagrangian particle diffusion simulation agreed fairly well with the observed profile. Statistical analysis of the wind field in MCMA revealed that the effect Popocat$\acute{e}$petl was most likely to have occurred from June to October, whereas the effect of the industries north of MCMA, including the Tula complex, was predicted to occur throughout the year.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.311-319
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• 2003

본 연구는 격자형 가우시안 플룸모형을 Matlab언어를 이용하여 구축한 후, 영광원자력시설의 부지에서 시행된 추적자 확산실험자료를 이용하여 예측력을 평가하였다. 풍하방향으로는 20km까지 10m간격으로 격자를 구분하였으며, 풍하방향에 수직인 지표방향은 방출점을 중심으로 상하 5km를 각각 10m 간격으로 구분하여 $1,990{\times}1,000{\times}1$의 격자망으로 구성하였다. 실험당시의 대기안정도는 P-G방법에 의해 B등급으로 나타났으며 이를 이용하여 각 격자의 농도예측을 수행하였다. 반경 3km의 A-line의 경우가 반경 8km근방의 B-line에 비해 격자형 가우시안 모형의 예측력이 뛰어난 것으로 나타났으며, 방출점에서 거리가 멀어질수록 P-G방법에 의한 확산폭의 산정은 모형의 예측력을 떨어뜨리는 것으로 나타났다. 모형의 예측력을 향상시키기 위하여 P-G 방법에 의한 확산폭인 sigma y 및 sigma z를 선형계획법을 이용하여 수정하였다. 수정된 확산인자를 적용한 결과 3km와 8km 모두 모형의 예측력이 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 향후 추적자 확산실험 데이터의 축적을 통해 기상조건에 따른 확산인자에 대한 경험식을 개발한다면 격자형 가우시안 모델이 원자력시설에서의 대기질 환경영향평가에 유용하게 쓰일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.70-80
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• 2014

방사성오염 물질의 대기 중 확산에 대한 해석은 일반적으로 보수적인 결과를 도출하기 위하여 가우시안 플룸식을 적용한다. 본 연구에서는 가우시안 플룸식을 사용할 경우 반영하기 힘든 복잡지형에 대해 보다 상세하게 공기 흐름과 방사성물질의 이동확산을 해석하기 위하여, 전산유체역학을 이용하여 월성 원자력발전소 부지에 대한 수치해석 연구를 수행하였다. 그 결과, 북서쪽에 위치한 산과 남동쪽에 위치한 바다로 인해 북서풍과 남동풍의 경우에는 지형으로 인한 공기 흐름의 변화가 크게 나타났다. 북서풍은 대기가 산 지형을 따라 흐르면서 수직방향으로 가장 불안정한 흐름을 보이며, 남동풍은 대기가 안정적으로 원전 쪽으로 흘러 들어오나 건물과 지형에 의해 흐름을 방해받아 유동이 급격하게 불안정해진다. 반면 지형에 의한 공기 흐름 방해가 작은 북동풍과 남서풍은 원전 건물에 의해 공기의 흐름이 방해를 받아 건물 뒤쪽으로 후류영역이 크게 형성됨을 확인하였다.