DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Modelling the dispersion of a tracer gas in the wake of an isolated low-rise building

  • Quinn, A.D. (Silsoe Research Institute) ;
  • Wilson, M. (Silsoe Research Institute) ;
  • Reynolds, A.M. (Silsoe Research Institute) ;
  • Couling, S.B. (Silsoe Research Institute) ;
  • Hoxey, R.P. (Silsoe Research Institute)
  • 발행 : 2001.02.25

초록

Mean concentrations of ammonia gas released as a tracer from an isolated low-rise building have been measured and predicted. Predictions were calculated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and two dispersion models: a diffusion model and a Lagrangian particle tracking technique. Explicit account was taken of the natural variation of wind direction by a technique based on the weighted summation of individual steady state wind direction results according to the probability density function of the wind direction. The results indicated that at distances >3 building heights downstream the weighted predictions from either model are satisfactory but that in the near wake the diffusion model is less successful. Weighted solutions give significantly improved predictions over unweighted results. Lack of plume spread is identified as the main cause of inaccuracies in predictions and this is linked to inadequate resolution of flow features and mixing in the CFD model. Further work on non-steady state simulation of wake flows for dispersion studies is recommended.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Couling, S.B. (1996), "Ammonia dispersion and deposition around livestock buildings", Nitrogen emissions from grasslands: Proceedings of a Conference held at IGER North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB, UK. 20th-22nd May 1996.
  2. Chadwick, D.R., Sneath, R.W., Phillips, V.R. and Pain, B.F. (1999), "A UK inventory of nitrous oxide emissions from farmed livestock", Atmospheric Environment 33, 3345-3354. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00379-3
  3. Ferm, M. (1979), "Method for determination of atmospheric ammonia", Atmospheric Environment 13, 1385-1393. https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(79)90107-0
  4. Gaskell, P.H. and Lau, A.K.C. (1988), "Curvature-compensated convective-transport - SMART, a new boundednesspreserving transport algorithm", Int. J. Numerical Methods in Fluids 8(6), 617-641. https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650080602
  5. Hoxey, R.P. and Richards, P.J. (1992), "Structure of the atmospheric boundary layer below 25 m and implications to wind loading on low-rise buildings", Journal Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 41, 317-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(92)90426-B
  6. Hoxey, R.P., Richards, P.J., Richardson, G.M., Robertson, A.P. and Short, J.L. (1995), "The Silsoe Structures Building: the completed experiment Part 2", Proc. 9th International Conference on Wind Engineering, New Delhi, India, 9-13 January 1995, Summary papers, 293-294.
  7. Launder, B.E. and Spalding, D.B. (1974), "The numerical computation of turbulent flows", Comput. Methods, Appl. Mech. Eng. 3, 269-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7825(74)90029-2
  8. Launder, B.E. (1996), "An introduction to single point closure methodology", Simulation and Modeling of Turbulent Flows, (eds. Gatski T.B., Hussaini M.Y. and Lumley J.L.) Oxford University Press.
  9. Lee, R.L. and Naslund, E. (1998), "Lagrangian stochastic particle model simulations of turbulent dispersion around buildings", Atmos. Env. 32(4), 665-672. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00313-0
  10. Lee, S. (1997), "Unsteady aerodynamic force prediction on a square cylinder using k - $\varepsilon$ turbulence models", Journal Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 67/68, 79-90.
  11. Lee, S., "Unsteady aerodynamic force prediction on a square cylinder using k - $\varepsilon$ turbulence models", Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Computational Wind Engineering (CWE96) August 4-8, 1996.
  12. Leuzzi, G. and Monti, P. (1998), "Particle trajectory simulation of dispersion around a building", Atmos. Env. 32(2), 203-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00291-4
  13. Näslund, E., Rodean, H.C. and Nasstrom, J.S. (1994), "A comparison between two stochastic diffusion models in a complex three-dimensional flow", Boundary-Layer Meteorology 67, 369-384. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00705439
  14. Pain, B.F., Misselbrook, T.H., Jarvis, S.C., Chambers, B.J., Smith, K.A., Webb, J., Phillips, V.R., Sneath, R.W. and Demmers, T.G.M. (1997), "Inventory of ammonia emmission from UK agriculture", MAFF contract WA0630 final report.
  15. Pain, B.F., Van der Weerden T.J., Chambers, B.J., Phillips, V.R. and Jarvis, S.C. (1998), "A new inventory for ammonia emissions from UK agriculture", Atmospheric Environment, 32(3), 309-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(96)00352-4
  16. Patankar, S.V. (1980), Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow. McGraw-Hill.
  17. Quinn, A.D., Robertson, A.P., Hoxey, R.P., Short, J.L., Burgess, L.R. and Smith, B.W. (1998), "The effect of small embankments on wind speeds", Wind and Structures, 1(4), 303-316. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.1998.1.4.303
  18. Reynolds, A.M. (1998a), "Modelling particle dispersion within a ventilated airspace", Fluid Dynamics Research, 22, 139-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5983(97)80420-0
  19. Reynolds, A.M. (1998b), "Comments on the 'Universality of the Lagrangian velocity structure function constant $(C_0)$ across different kinds of turbulence", Boundary_Layer Meteorology, 89, 161-170.
  20. Richards, P.J. and Hoxey, R.P. (1992a), "Computational and wind tunnel modelling of mean wind loads on the Silsoe Structures Building", Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 43, 1641-1652. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(92)90574-T
  21. Richards, P.J. and Hoxey, R.P. (1992b), "Appropriate boundary conditions for computational wind engineering models using the k - $\varepsilon$ turbulence model", Journal of Wind Engineering (Japan Association for Wind Engineering), 52, 394-399.
  22. Richardson, G.M., Hoxey, R.P., Robertson, A.P. and Short, J.L. (1995), "The Silsoe Structures Building: the completed experiment Part 1", Proc. 9th International Conference on Wind Engineering, New Delhi, India, 9-13 January 1995, Summary papers, 291-292.
  23. Robertson, A.P. and Glass, A.G. (1988), "The Silsoe Structures Building - its design, instrumentation and research facilities", Divisional Note DN1482, Silsoe Research Institute, Wrest Park, Silsoe, Beds., MK45 4HS, UK.
  24. Sneath, R.W., Chadwick, D.R., Phillips, V.R. and Pain, B.F. (1997a), "A UK inventory of nitrous oxide emissions from farmed livestock", MAFF commissions WA0604 and WA0605 final report part 1.
  25. Sneath, R.W., Chadwick, D.R., Phillips, V.R. and Pain, B.F. (1997b), "A UK inventory of methane emissions from farmed livestock", MAFF commissions WA0604 and WA0605 final report part 2.
  26. Sutton, M.A., Place, C.J., Eager, M., Fowler, D. and Smith, R.I. (1995), "Assessment of the magnitude of ammonia emissions in the United Kingdom", Atmospheric Environment 29, 1393-1411. https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(95)00035-W
  27. Thomson, D.J. (1987), "Criteria for the selection of stochastic models of particle trajectories in turbulent flows", Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 180, 529-556. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112087001940
  28. Tsuchiya, M., Murikami, S., Mochida, A., Kondo, K. and Ishida, Y. (1997), "Development of new k-$\varepsilon$ model for flow and pressure fields around bluff body", Journal Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 67/68, 169-182.
  29. Tsuchiya, M., Murikami, S., Mochida, A., Kondo, K. and Ishida, Y., "Development of new k-$\varepsilon$ model for flow and pressure fields around bluff body", Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Computational Wind Engineering (CWE96) August 4-8, 1996.