• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2013

Purpose: Childhood obesity is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and it has become one of the most common causes of childhood chronic liver diseases which significant as a cause of liver related mortality and morbidity in children in the United States. The development of simpler and easier clinical indices for medical practice is needed to identify advanced hepatic fibrosis in childhood NAFLD instead of invasive method like liver biopsy. FibroScan and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) have been proposed as a simple and noninvasive predictor to evaluate hepatic fibrosis in several liver diseases. APRI could be a good alternative to detect pathologic change in childhood NAFLD. The purpose of this study is to validate the efficacy of APRI for assessing hepatic fibrosis in childhood NAFLD based on FibroScan. Methods: This study included 23 children with NAFLD who underwent FibroScan. Clinical, laboratory and radiological evaluation including APRI was performed. To confirm the result of this study, 6 patients received liver biopsy. Results: Factors associated with hepatic fibrosis (stiffness measurement >5.9 kPa Fibroscan) were triglyceride, AST, alanine aminotransferase, platelet count, APRI and collagen IV. In multivariate analysis, APRI were correlated with hepatic fibrosis (>5.9 kPa). In receiver operating characteristics curve, APRI of meaningful fibrosis (cutoff value, 0.4669; area under the receiver operating characteristics, 0.875) presented sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 66%, positive predictive value of 94%, and negative predictive value of 64%. Conclusion: APRI might be a noninvasive, simple, and readily available method for medical practice to predict hepatic fibrosis of childhood NAFLD.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1092-1096
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• 1997

혈전 탄성 묘사도는 일회의 채혈로 지혈기능의 전반적인 평가를 가능하게 하는데, 혈소판 응집과 응괴 강 도와 섬유소 교차결합을 통한 초기의 혈소판-섬유소 상호작용 시간부터 궁극적인 응괴 용해 까지의 단백질 응고 폭포와 혈소판의 상호반응을 기록하는 것이다. 1996년 4월 1일부터 1996년 8월 31일까지 개심술을 받은 35명의 환자를 대상으로(평균 연령 34$\pm$12) 혈전 탄성 묘사도를 수술전, 수술직후, 수술1시간후, 수술 24시간 후에 조사하였다. 전통적인 혈액학적인 지표들과 혈전탄성 묘사도 자료를 통계 분석으로 비교하였다. 체외 순환전의 혈전 탄성 묘사도의 최대 진측과 혈소판 수와, 체외 순환 24시간 후에는 혈전 탄성 묘사도의 R값 및 K값 그리고 알파 앵글이 활성 응고 시간과 통계학적인 의미있는 상관관계가 있었다. 그리고 체외 순환후 24시간 동안의 술후 출혈의 예측 정확도는 혈전 탄성 묘사도가 100%(P=0.0043)로 활성 응고 시간(57%)와 기존의 응고 검사(43%)와 비교해서 더 좋은 방법임을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 혈전 탄성 묘사도는 사용이 쉽 고 임상적으로 정확하고 비용면에서 유용하여 지혈문제를 가진 환자에게 효과적으로 처치\ulcorner 수 있는 자료를 제시할 수 있다 하겠다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.387-393
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• 2006

Progressing to the iron deficiency anemia was experimentally induced in 4 clinically healthy dogs by repeated phlebotomy to characterize hematologic features, serum iron values, and RBC indices. Abnormal RBC morphologies were also evaluated semiquantitatively on Wright's-stained blood films. Hematologic abnormalities in early stage of anemia included decreased both hematocrit and hemoglobin, and reticulocytosis, with no changes in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were represented. In intermediate stage, decreased serum iron concentration with microcytosis and hypochromia were prominent. In late stage, red cell distribution width and Mentzer's index were out of reference ranges in the majority of dogs. In this study microcytic anemia was appeared at the hemoglobin range of 5.1-7.2 g/dl. On most sampling days, platelet counts and white blood cells were within the reference ranges, with some minor variations. Iron deficiency was not necessarily associated with microcytic anemia. Judging from the sequential changes of both MCV and MCHC, 3 patterns of anemia were sequentially observed: initially normocytic normochromic, intermediate normocytic hypochromic or normocytic normochormic, and finally microcytic hypochromic. The most frequent morphologic abnormalities were target cells. Occasional elliptocyte, acanthocyte, stomatocyte, kinzocyte, dacrocyte and schistocyte were also noted on the blood films.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

목적: 본 연구에서는 delta neutrophil index (DNI)가 신생아 균혈증을 예측하는 지표로서의 효용성을 다른 지표들과의 비교를 통해 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 원주세브란스 기독병원 신생아 중환자실에 발열을 주소로 입원한 환아들과 입원 중 발열이 있었던 생후 31일 미만 환아 146명을 대상으로 혈액배양검사와 동시에 시행한 총 백혈구 수, 절대호중구수, DNI, 혈소판 수, C-반응단백(C-reactive protein, CRP)에 대하여 분석하였다. 결과: 균혈증이 있었던 환아 77명의 평균 재태주수는 38.74주, 출생 체중은 3.20 kg였다. 대조군의 평균 재태주수는 33.34주, 출생 체중은 2.20 kg였다. 균혈증의 원인은 Staphylococcus aureus (22명), Staphylococcus epidermidis (18명), Streptococcus agalactiae (8명) 등이었다. DNI와 CRP만이 재태주수와 출생 체중 보정 후 균혈증과 연관성을 보여 area under the ROC curve를 조사하였고 DNI 0.70, CRP 0.68이었다. 결론: DNI는 신생아 균혈증을 예측하는 데 효과적인 지표이다. 다른 인자들과 함께 고려한다면 균혈증을 예측하는 데 더 도움이 될 것이다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.265-274
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• 2019

Delayed arrival of blood samples from the field and a large number of samples delivered often causes delay in sample analysis leading to inaccurate measurements. Therefore, this study aimed to assess whether prolonged storage in refrigerator could influence the stability of cattle blood samples and to establish an optimal time limit for complete blood count (CBC) parameters and blood gas and electrolyte (BGE) parameters analyses. Samples collected from healthy cows were tested immediately for CBC and BGE using automated hematology, blood gas and electrolyte analyzers. Samples were kept in refrigerator at 4℃ and analyzed after 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 120 h, and 192 h of storage. Mean differences between observations were assessed at 5% significance level using ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. Total CBC parameters and the platelet profile remained stable for 192 h, except for MCHC. Among leukocyte-related counts, NEU and EOS remained stable for 192 hours. WBC and LYM, and MONO values produced inconsistent measurements which recovered its initial measurement after 12 h and 24 h of storage, respectively, then remained stable until 120 h. Among the blood gas indices, PCO₂, PO₂, tCO₂, and BE showed declining and significant changes over time, but pH, tHb, and SO₂ remained stable for 192 h. Electrolyte status in the blood showed that ions are unstable and tend to change in as early as 6 h of storage. This study established that cattle blood specimens for CBC analysis can be stored for 120 h at 4℃, but specimens for BGE analyses must be tested within 6 to 24 h.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2001

This studs was carried out to evaluate KBrO$_3$-induced acute toxicity by clinical pathological parameters in rats. Fourty rats were divided into 4 groups including normal group and three KBrO$_3$-treated groups with doses of 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg, p. o., respectively. Creatinine and BUN were increased remarkably by KBrO$_3$ at 400 mg/kg, respectively (p<0.05, p<0.01). Phosphorus content increased two times the control at 400 mg/kg (p<0.05). Osmolarity was increased, whereas $CO_2$ content showed decrease at 400 mg/kg, respectively (p<0.01, p<0.05). Histopathological findings also showed dose-dependent renal failure. On the other hand, AST was increased three times the control at 400 mg/kg (p<0.01). WBC was increased by KBrO$_3$ depending on the dosage. Platelet was decreased at 200 mg/kg, whereas it was increased at 400 mg/kg (p<0.05). The results above suggest that clinical pathological parameters could be used as indices for the evaluation of KBrO$_3$-induced acute toxic reponse occuring in not only kidney but other organs including liver, when the dosage is as high as 400 mg/kg.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2013

Objectives: Classifying the pattern of jaundice during diagnosis will significantly improve the outcome of common KM interventions. This study aimed at determining an objective index for accurately diagnosing heat and dampness KM patterns in patients with jaundice. Methods: We systematically reviewed laboratory findings from case reports published in the scientific literature of Korean medicine. Cases were classified as following either the heat or dampness pattern. Biochemical indices were compared using a Bayesian factor (BF) analysis and standard t-tests. Results: The laboratory findings of 32 patients were evaluated. The heat pattern was observed in 17 patients and the dampness pattern in 15. No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of white blood cell count (BF=1.659); hemoglobin concentration (BF=2.627); platelet count (BF=1.019); or levels of direct bilirubin (BF=1.453), aspartate aminotransferase (BF=1.226), alanine aminotransferase (BF=1.340), alkaline phosphatase (BF=2.344), or gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (BF=2.782). However, total bilirubin levels were significantly higher in the dampness pattern group (BF=0.854, P-value=0.070). Conclusions: Patients with high total bilirubin levels may predominantly follow the dampness pattern, while those with low levels may predominantly follow the heat pattern. These results are expected to be useful for the development of timely and efficient KM treatments as well as new integrative therapeutic approaches for jaundice. However, further studies are essential to fully validate the utility of total bilirubin as a biomarker for differentiating between heat and dampness patterns.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.215-223
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• 2024

Purpose: Patients who receive frequent blood transfusions are at an elevated risk of developing hepatic fibrosis due to iron overload in the liver. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of transient elastography (TE) (FibroScan^®) for assessing liver fibrosis in patients with pediatric cancer. Methods: We enrolled 106 consecutive cases of acute leukemia in individuals under 21 years of age. The participants were followed for 2 years. Based on their serum ferritin (SF) levels, the patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (SF≥300 ng/mL) and group 2 (SF<300 ng/mL). A liver FibroScan^® was performed, and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among the various parameters in the liver function test (LFT), alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in a subgroup of patients aged 5-8 years in group 2 compared to those in group 1. The indices of liver fibrosis determined by TE, including the FibroScan score, controlled attenuation parameter score, steatosis percentage, and meta-analysis of histological data in viral hepatitis score, as well as indirect serum markers of liver fibrosis such as the aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio, Fibrosis 4 score, and AST to platelet ratio index, did not differ significantly between the two groups. The association between the TE results and LFT parameters was only significant for ALT. Conclusion: Transfusion-associated iron overload does not have a significant correlation with severe liver fibrosis. FibroScan^® is not a sensitive tool for detecting early stages of fibrosis in survivors of pediatric leukemia.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1164-1168
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• 2005

전통적으로 사용되어온 녹중탕에 대한 기초적 연구로서 본 실험은 녹중탕의 영양학적 성분을 분석하고 이를 투여했을 때 흰쥐의 발육에 미치는 영향에 대하여 고찰하였다. Sprague-Dawley종 5주령의 어린 쥐와 10주령의 성숙 쥐를 각각 처리군별 12마리씩 배치하였고, 녹중탕을 급여하지 않는 대조군, 권장량을 급여하는 녹중탕 I군 그리고 권장량의 3배를 급여하는 녹중탕 ll군로 구분하여 10주간 사육하였으며, 실험쥐의 체중, 식이섭취량, 식이효율, 장기발육 및 혈액형상에 대하여 조사하였다. 녹중탕은 일반 영양성분을 비롯한 다양한 광물질과 필수 및 비필수아미노산을 함유하였고, 수분이 97$\%$이상이었고, 건물 기준으로 조단백질이 22.78$\%$로 가장 많았으며 광물질 중 Mg가 0.48$\%$ 그리고 아미노산중 methionine와 proline이 각각 1.31$\%$ 그리고 1.67$\%$로 비교적 높았다. 어린쥐 와 성숙 쥐 모두에서 녹중탕 I과 II 그리고 대조군 간에 실험쥐의 시험 종료시 평균체중과 식이섭취량의 통계적 유의차는 발견되지 않았다. 그리고 간, 심장, 신장 및 위장 등의 장기 무게와 백혈구, 적혈구, 혈색소, 헤마토크릿 및 혈소판 등의 혈액학적 지수에 있어서도 통계적 유의차가 발견되지 않았다. 즉, 녹중탕 식이로 이상적으로 장기가 비대해지거나 억제됨 없이 정상적 발육이 이루어졌으며, 녹중탕 권장량의 3배로 과량 식이하였을 때도 이상 현상 없이 정상적 혈액학적 지수를 나타냈다. 그리고 대조구, 녹중탕 I 그리고 녹중탕 II의 식이 이용효율에 있어서 어린 쥐는 각각 6.00, 5.81, 5.99 그리고 성숙 쥐는 9.03, 8.98, 9.10을 나타냈다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 녹중탕이 생리대사에 무해하고 안전하며, 우리나라 고서에서 언급하는 한방학적 효능에 대한 세부적 및 과학적 규명과 함께 전통적 건강 증진 식품으로 개발 필요성 및 가능성을 시사한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.424-435
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• 2020

Objective: The study was conducted to investigate variations in the immunophysiological responses to exercise-induced stress in Jeju and Thoroughbred horses. Methods: Blood samples were collected from the jugular veins of adult Jeju (n = 5) and Thoroughbred (n = 5) horses before and after 30 min of exercise. The hematological, biochemical, and immunological profiles of the blood samples were analyzed. Blood smears were stained and observed under a microscope. The concentration of cell-free (cf) DNA in the plasma was determined using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and polymorphonuclear cells were separated using Polymorphprep, and the expression of various stress-related and chemokine receptor genes was measured using reverse transcriptase (RT) and real-time PCR. Results: After exercise, Jeju and Thoroughbred horses displayed stress responses with significantly increased rectal temperatures, cortisol levels, and muscle catabolism-associated metabolites. Red blood cell indices were significantly higher in Thoroughbred horses than in Jeju horses after exercise. In addition, exercise-induced stress triggered the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and reduced platelet counts in Jeju horses but not in Thoroughbred horses. Heat shock protein 72 and heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 6 expression is rapidly modulated in response to exercise-induced stress in the PBMCs of Jeju horses. The expression of CXC chemokine receptor 4 in PBMCs was higher in Thoroughbred horses than in Jeju horses after exercise. Conclusion: In summary, the different immunophysiological responses of Jeju and Thoroughbred horses explain the differences in the physiological and anatomical properties of the two breeds. The physiology of Thoroughbred horses makes them suitable for racing as they are less sensitive to exercise-induced stress compared to that of Jeju horses. This study provides a basis for investigating the link between exercise-induced stresses and the physiological alteration of horses. Hence, our findings show that some of assessed parameters could be used to determine the endurance performance of horses.