• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.47-59
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• 2011

Objectives : We investigated the effects of gambigyeongsinhwan2(GGH(2)) on body weight and examined whether blood triglyceride levels and visceral fat are inhibited by it in high fat diet-fed obese male mice. Methods : 8 weeks old, high fat diet-fed obese male mice were divided into 5 groups: C57BL/6N normal, control, GGH(2)-1, GGH(2)-2 and GGH(2)-3. After mice were treated with GGH(2) for 8 weeks, we measured body weight gain, food intake, feeding efficiency ratio, fat weight, plasma leptin and lipid levels. We also did histological analysis for liver and fat on the mice. Results : 1. Compared with controls, GGH(2)-treated mice had lower body weight gain and adipose tissue weight, the magnitudes of which were prominent in GGH(2)-3. 2. Compared with controls, GGH(2)-treated mice had lower feeding efficiency ratio, the magnitude of which was prominent in GGH(2)-3. 3. Compared with controls, GGH(2)-treated mice had lower blood plasma triglyceride level. 4. Blood plasma AST and ALT concentrations were not changed by GGH(2), indicating GGH(2) do not show any toxic effects. 5. Consistent with their effects on body weight gain, the size of adipocytes were significantly decreased by GGH(2), whereas the adipocyte number per unit area was significantly increased, suggesting that GGH(2) decreased the number of large adipocytes. Hepatic lipid accumulation was decreased by GGH(2). Conclusions : These results demonstrate that GGH(2) effectively reduces body weight gain, feeding efficiency ratio, blood plasma triglyceride level and improves abdominal fat.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2003

This study was designed to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of Benincasa hispida (Wax gourd) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in the male rats by intravenous injection of STZ at a dose of 45 mg/kg dissolved in citrate buffer. The diabetic animals then had plasma glucose concentration of above 300mg/dl. The experimental groups were divided into five groups; normal, STZ-control and three Wax gourd groups (5%, 10% and 20% intake groups). Normal and STZ-control groups were fed on a AIN-93 diet and experimental groups were fed a AIN-93 diet with the Wax gourd powder (5%, 10% and 20%/kg diet) for 4 weeks. The body weight, diet intake and feed efficiency ratio (FER) were monitored. The blood glucose and cholesterol levels were determined everyweek. After 4 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and the levels of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acids in plasma and levels of glycogen in liver and muscle were analyzed. Diabetic rats showed the lower weight gain compared to the normal rats. The weight gain and feed efficiency ratios in 15 and 20% Wax gourd groups were higher than in STZ-control group. The plasma glucose levels were significantly lower in all Wax gourd groups than in STZ-control group. The plasma insulin levels in diabetic groups were not significantly different compared to the normal group, but the level of 20% Wax gourd group was higher than other diabetic groups. The experimental diabetic groups showed the higher levels of muscle glycogen compared to STZ-control group. The lower levels of plasma cholesterol were noticed in 20% Wax gourd group throughout the experimental period. The plasma level of triglyceride was elevated in STZ-diabetic control and the levels were slightly decreased in Wax gourd groups. Rats of 10% Wax gourd group showed the lower levels of plasma free fatty acids. It is suggested, from the results, that the possibility of therapeutic or preventive use of wax gourd to the diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.933-941
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• 2003

It has been suggested that green juice supplementation may have some health promoting benefits. We evaluated the effects of green juice (Angelica keiskei) consumption on parameters of lipid profiles and plasma antioxidant status in healthy male smokers. Fifty-four smokers were supplemented with 300 ml of green juice for 6 weeks while maintaining their normal diet. Blood samples were collected on week 0 and week 6 in order to evaluate plasma lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol) , plasma antioxidant vitamin levels (ascorbic acid, $\alpha$ -tocopherol, ${\gamma}$ -tocopherol, $\alpha$ -carotene, $\beta$ -carotene, cryptoxanthin and lycopene) , the degree of LDL oxidation and GOT, GPT levels for liver function. Plasma ascorbic acid level remained at the same level. However, $\alpha$ -tocopherol and ${\gamma}$ -tocopherol normalized by total cholesterol (p <0.05) and $\beta$ -carotene (p <0.001) level were all significantly increased after green juice supplementation. Plasma cholesterol was reduced for 12%, LDL-cholesterol was reduced for 9.3% after green juice consumption, while plasma triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol was not changed. Oxidized LDL assessed by conjugated diene (CD) , was decreased (p < 0.0001) after green juice consumption. These results further support a role for green juice supplementation in the improvement of lipid status, prevention of lipid peroxidation, and thereby reducing risk factors of numerous diseases associated with elevated oxidative stress in smokers.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.49-63
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• 2005

Objectives : Ojayeonjonghwan(五子衍宗丸) is composed of Polygonum multiflorum THUNB, and some medical herbs that are known as formula of senescence delay effects. The purpose of this study is to investigate th effect of Ojayeonjonghwan on antioxidant enzyme activities, such as Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS), Superoxide dismutase(SOD), Catalase(CAT), Glutathione preoxidase (GSH-px) in rat erythrocytes and blood plasma. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups, Normal group (supplied enough water and feeds only, Normal Group), D-galatose administered group(injected D-galatose 50mg/kg, 1time/day for 6 weeks, Control Group) and Ojayeonjonghwan administered group (D-galactose 50mg/kg and Ojayeonjonghwan extracts 245.0mg/200g 1time/day for 6 weeks, OJY Group). Rats were sacrificed and TBARS, SOD, CAT, GSH-px, Plasma total lipid, Plasma triglyceride and cholesterol were measured in rat erythrocytes and blood plasma. Results : TBARS in plasma concentration of OJY group was significantly lower than that of control group. Red blood cell(RBC) SOD activity of OJY group was significantly higher than that of control group(F=16.057, p=0.0001, ANOVA test), RBC GSH-px activity of OJY group was increased(F=4.271, p=0.034, ANOVA test). RBC catalase activities of all experimental group were not significantly different. Total lipid and triglyceride concentration in plasma of all experimental groups were not significantly different. Total cholesterol concentrations in plasma of OJY group were significantly lower than those of control group(F=4.387, p=0.032, ANOVA test). Conclusions : According to the above results, it is considered that Ojayeonjonghwan is effective in inhibiting lipid peroxidation and increasing antioxidative enzyme activities in D-galactose induced aging rat.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2002

Gender differences in the effects of gonadectomy and high cholesterol diet on body weight and body cholesterol were investigated by using Sprague Dawley rats. Body weight, plasma and liver levels of cholesterol and triglyceride and platelet aggregation were examined in ovariectomized(OVX) or orchidectomized(ODX) rats with their intacts after feeding diet with or without 0.5% cholesterol. Body weight was significantly increased(p < 0.01) in OVX rats and significantly decreased(p < 0.01) in ODX rats compared to their respective intact rats, and cholesterol diet significantly(p < 0.05) decreased body weight in gonadectomized rats. Liver lobes from rats fed cholesterol diet were opaque and larger than those from rats find control dict, resulting in a significant increase(p < 0.01) in LW/BW ratio. Plasma and liver levels of total cholesterol were significantly increased (p < 0.01) in female rats regardless ovariectomy when find 0.5% cholesterol diet, but those levels in male rats were increased only when they were orchidectomized(p < 0.0l). Plasma HDL-cholesterol was significantly decreased(p < 0.05) in both sexes when find cholesterol diet. HDL-cholesterol were higher in female than male rats regardless treatments(p < 0.05). Liver triglyceride was significantly increased(p < 0.05) in both sexes when find cholesterol dict. Plasma level of triglyceride was not different among groups except significant decrease(p < 0.05) in cholesterol find ODX rats. Maximum platelet aggregation in female rats was significantly lower(p < 0.05) than male, but ovariectomy and cholesterol diet caused an increase te the level of male rats. Microscopic examination showed cholesterol diet caused a lipid accumulation in liver. Results indicate that intact female rats have higher response to hypercholestcrolemic diet than intact male rats and orchidectomy causes male rats more responsive to hypercholesterolemic diet. However, ovariectomy causes an increase female food efficiency ratio to the level of male rats, significantly increasing body weight.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.285-298
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• 2001

The effects of dried leaf powders and water and ethanol extracts of persimmon and green tea on lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activity were investigated in 12-month-old rats. Forty-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 520$\pm$19g were blocked into seven groups according to body weight. Rats were raised for four weeks with control(no tea leaf powder or extracts) and experimental diets containing either 5%(w/w) dried leaf powders of persimmon(Diospyros kaki Thunb) or green tea(Camellia sinensis O. Ktze), or water or ethanol extract from equal amounts of each dried tea powder. Food intakes of all tea diet groups were higher than that of control. Weight gains and food efficiency ratios of all tea diet groups were not significantly different from those of control. All tea diets decreased plasma triglyceride level, especially, green tea powder and persimmon ethanol diets were more effective than other diet. All the tea diet groups showed decrease in liver triglyceride level, and persimmon powder and ethanol extract increased fecal triglyceride excretion. Plasma cholesterol levels of all the tea diet groups were not significantly different from the control, but control. Fecal cholesterliver cholesterol concegroups were significantlntrations of all tea y lower than that of ol excretions of persimmon powder, green tea ethanol extract, persommon ethanol extract and green tea ethanol extract groups were significantly higher than that of control. Plasma and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) concentrations of all the tea diet groups were lower than that of control. Especially, plasma TBARS concentrations of green tea powder and persimmon ethanol extract groups were sinificantly low. Red blood cell(RBC) superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities of persimmon ethanol extract and green tea water extract groups were increased, and RBC catalase activities of all experimental groups were not significantly different. RBC glutathione peroxidase(GSH-px) activities of persimmon ethanol extract, persimmon water extract and green tea powder groups were increased. Liver SOD activities of all the tea diet groups except green tea ethanol extract group were higher than that of control. Liver catalase activities of all experimental groups were not significantly different, and liver GSH-px activity of green tea powder group was significantly higher than that of control. In conclusion, dried leaf powders, and water and ethanol extracts of persimmon and green tea were effective in lowering lipid level, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and increasing antioxdative enzyme activities in 12-month-old rat. Green tea leaf powder with high contents of flavonoids and water soluble dietar fiber was most effective in lowering plasma triglyceride, cholesterol and TBARS level. (Korean J Nutrition 34(3) : 285~298, 2001)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.89-98
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• 1988

율무쌀이 흰쥐의 혈장과 조직의 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 이지질 및 총담즙산 수준에 미치는 영향을 알아보자 흰쥐에 1%의 콜레스테롤을 첨가시킨 실험식이를 자유급식하여 사양한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 식이섭취량, 식이효율, 증체량은 각 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 2)형장콜레스테롤 함량은 라이드 급여시 현저히 높았으며 라이드-ㅠ율무쌀을 급여시에는 가장 낮았다. 혈장의 중성지방 역시 라이드 급여시 높았다. 혈장의 인지질 역시 라아드 급여서 현저히 높았고 대두유군이 가장 낮았다. 혈장의 총담즙산 함량은 각군간에 차이가 없었으며 혈장 담즙산은 glycoursodeoxy cholicacid, tauroursodeoxy choilic acid와 cholic acid이었다. 3) 간의 단위무게당 총지질, 콜레스테롤, 중성지방역시 라이드- 율무쌀 급여시 현저히 낮았다. 4) 소장의 단위무게당 총지질, 콜레스테롤, 중성지방 함량도 역시 라이드-율무쌀을 급여시 낮았다. 5)실험식의 소화율을 모든식이 처리간에 차이가 없었으나 콜레스테롤 보유율은 라이드-전분군이 가장 높았고 대두유-율무쌀군이 가장 낮았다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2014

Objectives : We investigated the effects of gambigyeongsinhwan(GGH)(1) on body weight and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) examined whether blood total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, free fatty acid and triglyceride levels and hepatic lipid accumulation are inhibited by it in high fat diet-fed obese male mice. Methods : 8 weeks old, high fat diet-fed obese male mice were divided into 5 groups: C57BL/6N normal, control, GGH(1)-1, GGH(1)-2 and GGH(1)-3. After mice were treated with GGH(1) for 8 weeks, we measured body weight gain, food intake, feeding efficiency ratio, fat weight, plasma ALT, leptin and lipid levels. We also did histological analysis for liver and fat on the mice. Results : Compared with controls, GGH(1)-treated mice had lower body weight gain and adipose tissue weight, the magnitudes of which were prominent in GGH(1)-3. Compared with controls, GGH(1)-treated mice had lower feeding efficiency ratio and blood leptin level, the magnitudes of which was prominent in GGH(1)-3. Compared with controls, GGH(1)-treated mice had lower blood plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, free fatty acid and triglyceride levels. Compared with controls, GGH(1)-3 treated mice had lower blood plasma ALT concentration. Consistent with their effects on body weight gain, the size of adipocytes were significantly decreased by GGH(1), whereas the adipocyte number per unit area was significantly increased, suggesting that GGH(1) decreased the number of large adipocytes. Hepatic lipid accumulation was decreased by GGH(1). Conclusions : In conclusion, these results suggest that GGH(1) exhibits anti-obesity effects through the modulation of feeding efficiency ratio and plasma obesity parameters. Moreover, it seems that GGH(1) also contributes to improve NAFLD through the regulation of plasma ALT and hepatic triglyceride accumulation.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2013

We investigated the effects of gambigyeongsinhwan(GGH)(4) on body weight and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) examined whether blood total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, free fatty acid and triglyceride levels and hepatic lipid accumulation are inhibited by it in high fat diet-fed obese male mice. 8 weeks old, high fat diet-fed obese male mice were divided into 5 groups: C57BL/6N normal, control, GGH(4)-1, GGH(4)-2 and GGH(4)-3. After mice were treated with GGH(4) for 8 weeks, we measured body weight gain, food intake, feeding efficiency ratio, fat weight, plasma ALT, leptin and lipid levels. We also did histological analysis for liver and fat on the mice. Compared with controls, GGH(4)-treated mice had lower body weight gain and adipose tissue weight, the magnitudes of which were prominent in GGH(4)-2. Compared with controls, GGH(4)-treated mice had lower feeding efficiency ratio and blood leptin level, the magnitudes of which was prominent in GGH(4)-2. Compared with controls, GGH(4)-treated mice had lower blood plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, free fatty acid and triglyceride levels. Compared with controls, GGH(4)-2 treated mice had lower blood plasma ALT concentration. Consistent with their effects on body weight gain, the size of adipocytes were significantly decreased by GGH(4), whereas the adipocyte number per unit area was significantly increased, suggesting that GGH(4) decreased the number of large adipocytes. Hepatic lipid accumulation was decreased by GGH(4). In conclusion, these results suggest that GGH(4) exhibits anti-obesity effects through the modulation of feeding efficiency ratio and plasma obesity parameters. Moreover, it seems that GGH(4) also contributes to improve NAFLD through the regulation of plasma ALT and hepatic triglyceride accumulation.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.371-378
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• 2014

This study was designed to investigate the antihyperlipidemic activity of aqueous extracts of Kyeongokgo (KOG), Kyeongokgo Dansambang (KDB), and Kyeongokgo Gamibang (KGB) on the hyperlipidemic rats induced by high-fat diet. The animals were divided into 4 groups of the hyperlipidemic control group, the KOG-fed group, the KDB-fed group and the KGB-fed group, and received oral administration of each prescription with diet for a period of six weeks. The changes in the body weight, the amount of food intake, the liver weight, the epididymal fat weight, and the plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were measured. In all experimental groups, the weight of liver and epididymal fat decreased significantly. There was a significant decrease in the amount of food intake, the weight of liver and epididymal fat, the plasma level of total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol in the KDB-fed and the KGB-fed groups. In addition, KGB-fed group represented a significant decrease in the triglyceride. These results suggest that the aqueous extracts of Kyeongokgo Dansambang and Kyeongokgo Gamibang have a good antihyperlipidemic activity and a potential to treat hyperlipidemia.