• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1272-1277
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effects of Korean Gu-Gi-Ja tea on plasma hormone such as renin and aldosterone water in cadmium administered rats. The cadmium administered rats were given 50 ppm and 100 ppm of CdCl$_2$.2$H_2O$ disolved in the distilled water. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 100$\pm$10 g were divided into 6 groups according to body weight. The control group was fed standard diet without cadmium. The experimental groups, which were fed standard diet containing 50 ppm and 100 ppm cadmium and Gu-Gi-Ja tea group. The results of this study were as follows; food intake, body weight gain and kidney weight content in cadmium administered groups were lower than those in Gu-Gi-Ja tea group. The contents of cadmium in kidney of the rats were determined by using ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrcphotometer). In kidney accumulation of Gu-Gi-Ja tea groups were lower than those in cadmium administered group. Plasma levels of renin activity was increased by Cadmium administration group, compared with Gu-Gi-Ja tea and cadmium administred group. Plasma levels of aldosterone activity was increased by cadmium administration group, compared with Gu-Gi-Ja tea and cadmium administred group. This results suggested that Gu-Gi-Ja tea has a lowering effects on the accumulation of cadmium in kidney and it is believed that the Gu-Gi-Ja tea has some protective effects to cadmium administered lenin and aldosterone hormone in rats, but the mechanism of these effects was obscure.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1974

This study was carried out to investigate the acute changes in R-A-A system following lasix administration, and to evaluate the materials in plasma R-A-A system and electrolytic excretion every 30 minutes for 2 hours after lasix administration with normal high sodium Korean food, moderate sodium restriction, and severe sodium restriction, and it was concluded as followed; 1. Plasma renin activity, angiotensin II concentration, and aldosterone concentration elevated in course of time after lasix administration with high sodium Korean food, but the R-A-A system takes insignificant part because of the increasing rate was so slight. 2. Although the increasing rate of plasma renin activity reached lower levels, angiotensin II and aldosterone concentration were significantly increased after lasix administration with moderate sodium restriction. 3. It was observed that higher rise in aldosterone concentration following lasix administration during severe sodium restriction than when moderate sodium restriction. 4. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion during two hours after lasix administration showed decrease as little as the amount of sodium intake, but K/Na excretion ratio showed increase with small amount of sodium intake because of the decreasing rate of potassium was low value. 5. Sodium excretion after lasix administration reached more than 1.5 times of sodium intake, even though R-A-A reaction showed significantly. 6. As our results showed, R-A-A reaction following acute diuresis was insignificant with high sodium Intake, the increasing ratio of aldosterone concentration showed high rise compare with of plasma renin activity as little as the amount of sodium intake, and the participated rate in sodium reabsorption of R-A-A system was increased.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 1997

In an attempt to investigate whether hemorrhage affects the gene expression of the renin-angioteusin system (RAS) components in the brain and peripheral angiotensin-generating tissues, changes in mRNA levels of the RAS components in response to hemorrhage were measured in conscious unrestrained rats. Wistar rats were bled at a rate of 3 ml/kg/min for 5 min, and then decapitated 7 h after hemorrhage. Levels of mRNA for renin, angiotensinogen and angiotensin $II-AT_1$ receptor subtypes ($AT_{1A}$ and $AT_{1B}$) were determined with the methods of northern blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Hemorrhage produced a profound hypotension with tachycardia, but blood pressure and heart rate recovered close to the basal level at 7 h. Plasma and renal renin levels were significantly increased at 7 h. Hemorrhage induced rapid upregulation of gene expression of both $AT_{1A}$ and $AT_{1B}$ receptor subtypes in the brainstem and hypothalamus, downregulation of them in the adrenal gland and liver. However, renin mRNA level increased in the brainstem, decreased in the liver, but was not changed in the hypothalamus, kidney and adrenals after hemorrhage. Angiotensinogen mRNA level was not significantly changed in any of the tissue except a slight increase in the liver. The kidney and liver did not show any significant change in gene expression of the RAS components. These results suggest that gene expression of the RAS in central and peripheral tissues are, at least in part, under independent control and the local RAS in each organ plays specific physiologic role.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2000

The physiological roles of brain angiotensin II in mediating water deprivation-induced drinking and in regulating renal renin release were assessed in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Specific $AT_1$ receptor antagonists, losartan and SK 1080, and antisense oligonucleotide (AS-ODN) directed to $AT_1$ receptor mRNA were intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered in conscious unrestrained rats. When water was given 20 min after i.c.v. injection of $AT_1$ receptor antagonists in 48-h water-deprived rats, losartan and SK 1080 produced approximatly 20% and 50% decrease in 1-h water intake, respectively. In contrast, i.c.v. treatment of the AS-ODN to $AT_1$ receptor mRNA for 24-h did not alter 1-h water intake in 24-h water-deprived rats, but prevented the increase in overnight water intake after 24-h water-deprivation. Six-day i.c.v. treatment of AS-ODN did not alter either the basal plasma renin concentration or renal cortical levels of renin and renin mRNA. The present results suggest that endogenous brain Ang II plays an important role in thirst and water intake through $AT_1$ receptors, but further studies are required to elucidate its regulatory role in renal renin synthesis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.29-38
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of $Taegye(KI_3)$ acupuncture and acupuncture with twirling method on the blood pressure, cardiomegalic index, plasma levels of renin and atrial natriuretic peptide in hypertensive RAT induced by two kidney one clip (2KIC). Methods : This study was conducted on one control group and four experimental groups. Control group that had no treatment, Tail group that took tail acupuncture, K-0 group that took $KI_3$ acupuncture, K-6 group that took $KI_3$ acupuncture with 6 turns of twirling method, K-9 group that took $KI_3$ acupuncture with 9 turns of twirling method. Results : Blood pressure was decreased significantly after $KI_3$ acupuncture. Cardiomegalic index decreased significantly after $KI_3$ acupuncture. Plasma levels of renin was decreased significantly after $KI_3$ acupuncture and acupuncture with 9 turns of twirling method Ⅳ. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide was increased significantly after $KI_3$ acupuncture. Conclusions : These results suggest that blood pressure was decreased significantly after $KI_3$ acupuncture in hypertensive RAT induced by two kidney one clip (2K1C).

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 1996

The present study was aimed to investigate the role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) in the control of renin release and to examine if NO is implicated in the development of two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) hypertension. Male Sprague-Dawley rats $(150{\sim}200\; g)$ were constricted at the left renal artery. They were then supplemented with $N^{G}-nitro-L-arginine\;methyl\;ester\;(L-NAME,\; 5mg/100\;mL)$ or with L-arginine hydrochloride (400 mg/100 mL) in the drinking water. The control group was supplied with normal tap water. The sham-clipped rats were operated as in 2K1C rats except for that no clip was made. The kidneys were taken to examine in vitro release of renin at days 7 and 14 following clipping the renal artery. Northern blot analysis was also done to assess the expression of renin gene in the kidney. In sham-clipped rats, L-NAME caused a sustained increase of the blood pressure, whereas L-arginine was without effect. Neither L-NAME nor L-arginine-supplementation significantly affected the development of hypertension in 2K1C rats. Plasma renin concentration (PRC) measured on day 28 did not significantly differ among the L-NAME, L-arginine and control groups either in 2K1C or in sham-clipped rats. Renin contents (RRC) in the clipped kidney were increased, while those in the contralateral kidney were decreased. The release of renin in vitro from cortical slices was also enhanced in the clipped kidney, whereas it was attenuated in the contralateral. Comparing the RRC and in vitro release, the latter was more rapidly decreased than the former in the contralateral kidney. The renin mRNA levels in the contralateral kidney were almost at their nadir at days 7 and 14 in 2K1C rats. It is suggested that NO does not affect the development of 2K1C hypertension in which the renin-angiotensin system has been activated. The data also confirm that RRC and renin gene expression are increased in the clipped kidney and suppressed in the contralateral kidney in 2K1C rats.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1 s.31
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• pp.212-221
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• 1996

The aim of this experiment was to elucidate the effects of Saseuptang water extract on the renal function plasma renin activity and plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and aldosterone in rat The results were as follows; 1. Water balance decreased significantly after the administration of Saseuptang water extract, 0.4 and 0.8ml/kg. 2. Urine volume increased significantly after the administration of Saseuptang water extract, $0.4\;m{\ell}/kg$. 3. Urinary excretion of chloride increased significantly after the administration of Saseupthang water extract, $0.8\;m{\ell}/kg$. 4. Free water clearance increased significantly after the administration of Saseuptang water extract, $0.8\;m{\ell}/kg$. 5. Urinary excretion of creatinine increased significantly after the administration of Saseuptang water extract, $0.8\;m{\ell}/kg$. 6. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) decreased significantly after administration of Saseupthang water extract, $0.8\;m{\ell}/kg$. These results suggest that the changes of urine volume after the administration of Saseuptang water extracts are related to the increments of glomerular filtration rate and free water clearance, and it is suggested that the changes of renal function by which Saseuotang may related to the renin-angiotensin and atrial natriuretic peptide system.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.193-198
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effects of Korean Lycii Fructus water extract in Pb-administered rats. The Pb exposed rats were given 100 ppm and 200 ppm in the distilled water. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 90 and 110g were blocked into 6 groups according to body weight. The control group was fed a normal diet, without lead. The experimental groups, which was fed a normal diet plus 100 ppm and 200 ppm lead, and one group received a normal diet plus Lycii Fructus water extracts. The results: the Food intake, the weight gain, and the kidney weight content in the cadmium added groups were lower than those in the Lycii Fructus water extracts group. The contents of Pb in the kidneys of the rats were determined by using ICP(lnductively Coupled Plasma Spectrophotometer). The accumulation of lead in the kidney was lower in the Lycii Fructus water extracts group. The Plasma levels of renin activity was higher in the lead administration groups, as compared with the Lycii Fructus water extracts. Plasma levels of aldosterone activity was higher in the lead administration group, as compared with Lycii Fructus water extracts. These results suggest that Lycii Fructus water extracts has a lowering effects on the accumulation of pb on kidney and it is believed that the Lycii Fructus water extracts have some protective effects on lead-induced nephrotoxicity in rats, but the mechanism of these effects was obscure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.468-474
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• 2015

This study was designed to investigate the effects of Korean Lycii fructus water extract in Al (Aluminum) administered rats. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: Control group, water extract group with 3% Lycii fructus, 1000 and 2000 ppm of Al groups, and 1000 and 2000 ppm of Al with 3% Lycii fructus water extract group. The Al content of rat tissue in the Al administered group was lower than that in rat tissue in the Al with 3% Lycii fructus water extract group. Plasma levels of renin and aldosterone activity was higher in the Al administration group, compared with the 3% Lycii fructus water extract group and Al administered group. Aspartate amino transaminase and alanine amino transaminase activities were elevated in the Al administered group and lower in the 3% Lycii fructus water extract group. Lactate dehydrogenase was lower in the 3% Lycii fructus water extract Al group than in the Al group. Choline acetyltransferase was higher in the 3% Lycii fructus water extract Al group than in the Al group.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.24 no.4 s.36
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• pp.516-530
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• 1991

A case-control study was conducted to investigate the effect of low-level blood lead on the blood pressure. The plasma renin activity(PRA) was measured also to investigate one of the possible mechanisms by which lead nay play a role to influence on the blood pressure. Seventy-two hypertensive and sixty -nine control study subjects were selected from the workers who had no history of b-related lead exposure, in Ulsan city and it's vicinity, Korea. In addition to measuring blood lead levels and PRA, body mass index(BMI), hematocrit, serum sodium, potassium, creatinine, ionized calcium, and cholesterol were measured. Also, the habits of smoking, alcohol drinking and family history of hypertension were checked. The blood lead level of the hypertensive group was $19.8{\pm}5.5{\mu}g/dl$, which was significantly higher than that of the control group, $12.5{\pm}4.7{\mu}g/dl$(p<0.01). On multiple logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio of blood lead level on the occurence of high blood pressure was 1.38, also statistically significant (p<0.01). There was no significant differences between the hypertensive and the control group in the PRA or In (PRA), but there was a marginally significant linear relationship between blood lead and PRA in the hypertensive group(p<0.1). In conclusion, blood lead level which has been known to be within normal limits may be one of the possible risk factors of hypertension and PRA alteration by lead may act as one of the mechanisms.