• 환경생물
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.352-357
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• 2003

Phenanthrene, one of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with three aromatic rings, is a ubiquitous contaminant in the environment. Phenanthrene has been identified in ambient air, drinking water and sediment. We examined the effect of phenanthrene on steroid hormones level of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Plasma testosterone level was increased significantly in fish exposed to phenanthrene($\geq1.0 \mu M$) at 4th week. However, there was no significant changes of estradiol-17$\beta$ concentration in fish exposed to phenanthrene. The physiological variation in phenanthrene exposed fish was a dramatic increase in plasma cortisol level. It is concluded that chronic exposure of phenanthrene can induce increase of plasma testosterone levels and elevate the plasma cortisol level in flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한핵의학회 1978년도 제17차 학술대회
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• pp.46.1-46.1
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• 1978

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.563-569
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• 2011

The effects of cortisol on proliferation and apoptosis of tilapia surface immunoglobulin positive ($sIg^+$) lymphocytes isolated from different tissues were investigated. $sIg^+$ lymphocytes from the tilapia head kidney (HK) and spleen showed a higher proliferation and lower intracellular calcium ($Ca^{2+}{_i}$) level to Ig-crosslinking compared with peripheral blood $sIg^+$ lymphocytes. Peripheral blood $sIg^+$ lymphocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed high levels of apoptosis in the presence of cortisol. HK and to a lesser extent spleen $sIg^+$ lymphocytes, although less sensitive than their equivalent in peripheral blood, showed cortisol-induced apoptosis irrespective of LPS stimulation of control levels. Compared to plasma values measured during stress conditions, proliferation regardless of LPS stimulation was apparently suppressed by cortisol that is effective in inducing a significant increase in apoptosis in all three different cell populations of $sIg^+$ cells, suggesting the immunoregulatory effect of cortisol in both LPS stimulated and non-stimulated conditions. Different sensitivity of $sIg^+$ cells to the cortisol, in regard to developmental stage and activity, could be related in inhibiting excessive and continuing depletion of $sIg^+$ lymphocytes.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.636-645
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• 2017

The physiological response of the longtooth grouper, Epinephelus bruneus to low water temperature (LWT) stress while on three different concentrations of dietary vitamin E (1 mg/diet g, 5 mg/diet g, and 10 mg /diet g) were investigated. Plasma cortisol, glucose, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were higher in the control and sham control compared with the vitamin E supplemented groups. The most addition with vitamin E in the diet (10 mg/diet g) showed the lowest levels of cortisol, glucose, and AST. However, plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) showed no significant differences across all experimental conditions (P>0.05). Also the more disposing vitamin E into feeding the better resistance against stress on the LWT was shown through cortisol, glucose, ALT, and AST.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.184-193
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• 2008

Purpose: Anxiety and depression are the concepts that commonly used as an emotional approach in the nursing researches and most of researches have been used questionnaires as a marker of anxiety and depression. There were few researches using physiological markers in measuring anxiety and depression. Methods: Journals published between 1950 and 2007 that include depression and anxiety measuring through physiological markers were reviewed. Results: As in the case of the hypothlamus-pituitary-adrenal axis system, it appeared that cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine belonged to the category of hormones which were responsive to anxiety and depression. Plasma norepinephrine was a marker of the anxiety whereas plasma cortisol was a marker of the depression. The anxiety and depression were correlated with immune and taste, but it considered as an outcome variable not a physiological marker. Conclusion: Catecholamine and cortisol reflect anxiety and depression state. Our findings suggest that further researches are needed to distinguish between markers and outcomes of depression and anxiety using physiological markers.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2008

The effects of noise stress response on hematological parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit and MCHC) and plasma parameters (cortisol, glucose and albumin) in Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), a very important commercial marine fish in Korea, were investigated. These parameters were analyzed on fish exposed to an explosion of noise. There were no significant differences or trends in hematological parameters (hematocrit; control $29.7{\pm}4.8%$, experiment 32.0 35.5%; hemoglobin; control $6.5{\pm}0.7g/dL$, experiment 6.2 7.8 g/dL; MCHC; control $19.6{\pm}0.6g/dL$, experiment 19.9~22.2 g/dL). However, plasma cortisol and glucose exhibited significant differences from start to finish and displayed the following patterns (cortisol; control $180.7{\pm}35.4ng/mL$, experiment 247.0 444.5 ng/mL; glucose; control $32.5{\pm}6.3mg/dL$, experiment 50.5 109.0 mg/dL). In addition, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA expression and basal levels of various tissues (eye, gills, liver, intestine, skin and gonads) were investigated for the first time in this marine fish. When the Korean rockfish was exposed to explosive noise stress, the GR mRNA was expressed more in the gonads than in other tissues tested and was elevated significantly from two and four times in the liver and gills, respectively, after noise exposure.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2003

Flounder B lymphocytes isolated from different tissues were studied in terms of cell proliferation, apoptosis and the effects of cortisol on these processes. B lymphocytes, isolated from the flounder head kidney and spleen, were characterized by higher proliferation and lower intracellular calcium ($Ca^2$) response to lgcrosslinking compared with peripheral blood B lymphocytes. Cortisol induced high levels of apoptosis (150% of control levels) in peripheral blood B lymphocytes, in combination with a stimulatory LPS signal. Head kidney and to a lesser extent spleen B lymphocytes, although less sensitive than their equivalent in peripheral blood, underwent cortisol-induced apoptosis irrespective of extra stimulation up to 142% of control levels. Also proliferation with and without LPS stimulation was suppressed by cortisol (compared to plasma values measured during stress conditions) that is effective in inducing a significant increase in apoptosis in all three populations of B-cells, suggesting that cortisol may be important for immunoregulation in both stressed and non-stressed conditions. This implies possible severe impact of stress on lymphocyte development and activity, Different sensitivity of B-cells to the corticosteroid, with respect to developmental stage and activity, may prevent excessive and long lasting depletion of B-lymphocytes.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• 제33권53호
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• pp.298.1-298.10
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• 2018

Background: The renal function of individuals is one of the reasons for the variations in therapeutic response to various drugs. Patients with renal impairment are often exposed to drug toxicity, even with drugs that are usually eliminated by hepatic metabolism. Previous study has reported an increased plasma concentration of indoxyl sulfate and decreased plasma concentration of $4{\beta}$-hydroxy (OH)-cholesterol in stable kidney transplant recipients, implicating indoxyl sulfate as a cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibiting factor. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of renal impairment severity-dependent accumulation of indoxyl sulfate on hepatic CYP3A activity using metabolic markers. Methods: Sixty-six subjects were enrolled in this study; based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), they were classified as having mild, moderate, or severe renal impairment. The plasma concentration of indoxyl sulfate was quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Urinary and plasma markers ($6{\beta}$-OH-cortisol/cortisol, $6{\beta}$-OH-cortisone/cortisone, $4{\beta}$-OH-cholesterol) for hepatic CYP3A activity were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total plasma concentration of cholesterol was measured using the enzymatic colorimetric assay to calculate the $4{\beta}$-OH-cholesterol/cholesterol ratio. The correlation between variables was assessed using Pearson's correlation test. Results: There was a significant negative correlation between MDRD eGFR and indoxyl sulfate levels. The levels of urinary $6{\beta}$-OH-cortisol/cortisol and $6{\beta}$-OH-cortisone/cortisone as well as plasma $4{\beta}$-OH-cholesterol and $4{\beta}$-OH-cholesterol/cholesterol were not correlated with MDRD eGFR and the plasma concentration of indoxyl sulfate. Conclusion: Hepatic CYP3A activity may not be affected by renal impairment-induced accumulation of plasma indoxyl sulfate.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.503-510
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• 2022

Objective: This study was performed to determine the effects of stress after road transportation and oral administration of chromium and meloxicam on growth performance, plasma cortisol, serum metabolites, and behavior in dairy calves. Methods: A total of 50 Holstein heifers (average body weight [BW]: 172±4.19 kg; average age: 5.53±0.12 months) were randomly assigned to five groups including NL (not transported + D-lactose; 1 mg/kg BW), TL (transported + D-lactose; 1 mg/kg BW), TC (transported + chromium; 0.5 mg/kg dry matter [DM] feed), TM (transported + meloxicam; 1 mg/kg BW), and TMC (transported + combination of meloxicam and chromium; 1 mg/kg BW and 0.5 mg/kg DM, respectively). Doses of D-lactose monohydrate, meloxicam, and chromium were prepared for oral administration by suspension in 15 mL of water in a 20-mL dosing syringe. Blood was collected before transportation, immediately after 120 km of transportation (IAT), and at 6, 24, and 48 h after transportation. Results: Neither transportation nor administration of meloxicam and/or chromium affected (p = 0.99) average daily gain and feed intake. Plasma cortisol concentrations in the NL group (average 0.13 and 0.18 nmol/L, respectively) were lower (p<0.001) compared to the TL group (average 0.39 and 0.61 nmol/L, respectively) at IAT and 48 h after transportation. At 48 h after transportation, cortisol concentrations were lower (p<0.05) in the TC group (average 0.22 nmol/L) than in the TL group (average 0.61 nmol/L), and TC calves had similar cortisol concentrations to NL calves. Lying duration (min/d) was shorter (p<0.05) in the TL group than in the NL group at 2 d after transportation. Lying duration was longer (p<0.05) for the TC and TMC groups than for the TL group at 2 d after transportation. Conclusion: Transportation increased cortisol concentrations and affected lying behavior, while chromium administration reduced cortisol concentrations and changed lying behavior. Thus, chromium administration before transportation may be a viable strategy to alleviate stress elicited by road transportation.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2001

In Paralichthys olivaceus and Nibea japonica, response to live air (5hr) or ship (25hr) transportation was assessed, by determining the levels of plasma cortisol, glucose, lactic acid and osmolality, as well as hematological parameters namely hematocrit (Ht), red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb), corpuscular volume (MCV), corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). In the experimental series I, the olive flounder was subjected to stress or no stress for 1hr, prior to its air transportation for 5hr. The stress suffered by the flounder prior to air transportation resulted in significant reduction in Ht, but increases in MCH and MCHC. Air transportation led to increases in MCV and MCH in both the stressed and non stressed groups. In the non stressed group it led to significant increase in Ht but decrease in MCHC. In the stressed group, the air transportation led to significant increases in osmolality and plasma cortisol from 5 to 38.5ng/$m\ell$. Non stressed groups did not show significant differences in this before and after transportation. In the experiment II, the red blood cell (RBC) count ranged from 2.5$\times$10$^{6}$ /${mu}ell$ to 2.7$\times$10$^{6}$ /${mu}ell$ in the flounder and 1.9$\times$10$^{6}$ /${mu}ell$ to 2.1$\times$10$^{6}$ /${mu}ell$ in the croaker during the pre- and post-transportation, respectively. In the croaker the shipping led to significant increase in plasma cortisol from 26 to 35ng/$m\ell$ but decrease in glucose from 91.0 to 26.4mg/㎗. For glucose the reverse (39.0 to 51.0mg/㎗) was true for the flounder.