• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2003

Effects of ambient nitrite, NO$_2$$\^$-/, at 1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/1, on the changes of plasma nitrite/nitrate and on hepatic drug - metabolizing enzyme activity were examined in the juvenile Israeli carp, Cyprinus carpio. When the fish were exposed to 1 and 3 mg/1 NO$_2$$\^$-/, there was an exposure duration-dependent increase in plasma NO$_2$$\^$-/ over the 96-hr period reaching 6∼7 fold excess the ambient concentration. In the fish exposed to 10 mg/1, a plateau concentration of less than 2-fold of the environment was attained in 12 hr. With 30 mg/1, however, the maximal plasma NO$_2$$\^$-/ was 41.25 mg/1 at 12 hr followed by a gradual decline. There was a concentration-dependent increase in methemoglobin (metHb) level in all NO$_2$$\^$-/ -exposed groups and a significant decrease in hematocrit value in 30 mg/l group after 96-hr exposure. Apart from the blunted increase in plasma NO$_2$$\^$-/ with higher NO$_2$$\^$-/ (10 and 30 mg/1) exposure, the ratio of plasma NO$_3$$\^$-/ to NO$_2$$\^$-/ was signifirantly higher in these groups compared to 1 and 3 mg/1. The imbalance in the plasma NO$_3$$\^$-//NO$_2$$\^$-/ at higher NO$_2$$\^$-/ exposure suggests a possible accelerated conversion of NO$_2$$\^$-/ to NO$_3$$\^$-/. Nitrite exposure did not affect the hepatic drug-metabolic activities in juvenile Israeli carp. All these data indicate that disposition of NO$_2$- differ depending upon exposed concentration and that metHb production may not be the exclusive toxic mechanism in carp.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.724-733
• /
• 1993

In order to investigate the relationships of obesity in childhood to plasma lipid, blood pressure and blood glucose concentration, we selected 21 subjects for the moderate obese group(MO), 9 for mild obese group(MI), and 19 for the control group(C) among children aged 10~12. While the level of plasma triglyceride and VLDL-cholesterol of the MO group was much higher than that of group C, a significantly lower percentage of HDL-cholesterol was found in the MO compared to the percentage found in group C. Also the level of the total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol of the MI group as well as the MO was much higher than that of C. The elevated total-cholesterol level of the Mi group was due to increased LDL-cholesterol and that of the MO was due to increases in both VLDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. As the result of these differences, the atherogenic index of the MO was significantly higher than that of C. The incidence of hypercholesterolemia( 200mg/dl) of the MI and MO was 60.0% and 77.8% respectively, All of the physical parameters and indexes except height were positively correlated with plasma lipid levels, systolic blood pressure, and blood glucose concentration. The analyses of the correlated with plasma lipid levels, systolic blood pressure, and blood glucose concentration. The analyses of the correlation indicated that central fat to peripheral fat ratio and waist to thigh girth ratio seemed to be closely associated to plasma lipid levels and atherogenic index. The MO had significantly higher systolic blood pressure than C and significantly higher blood glucose concentration was found in both MI and MO than in C. These results confirmed that obesity in childhood may be relevant to chronic metabolic diseases such as abnormal lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.43-52
• /
• 1990

The following results were obtained from the observation on the change of plasma cortisol concentration and arterial blood $PO_2,\;PCO_2$ in the experiment of intravenous and oral administration of Chung Sang Bo Ha Tang Water Extract in the rabbit. 1. In intravenous administration, the plasma cortisol conce-ntration increased significantly about 2 hours after with a dose of $0.2m{\ell}/kg$, while the case of $0.4m{\ell}/kg$ reveals this significant increase of concentration about 3 hours after. 2. In oral administration, a significant increase of the plasma cortisol concentration was shown about 2 and 4 hours after with a dose of $1.2m{\ell}/kg$, on the other hand, an increase of concentration was shown at each hour in the case of $0.2m{\ell}/kg$, but it was not significant. 3. In oral administration, $PO_2$ in arterial blood increased significantly in the case of $0.2m{\ell}/kg$, and both the case of $0.1m{\ell}/kg$ and that of $0.2m{\ell}/kg$ gave a significant decrease of $PCO_2$ in arterial blood. With these results, it is verified that Chung Sang Bo Ha Tang has therapeutic effects on JISU(止嗽), JEONG CHEON(定喘), GEO DAM(祛痰) because intravenous and oral administration of it increases the plasma cortisol concentration, However, in the examination of $PO_2$ and $PCO_2$ in arterial blood, any remarkable result was not obtained.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.26 no.7
• /
• pp.899-906
• /
• 1993

Human blood selenicum(Se) level depends on the Se content and bioavailablilty of foods. In countries where the soil has low Se content, the differences of Se intake and blood Se concentration are shown according to the type of diet. In this study, Se status of women eating an average German diet(175 German healthy women) and wholesome nutrition group(243 women) were studied. There were significant differences in wholeblood and plasma Se levels between the two groups. In average German diet group, mean wholeblood Se concentration was 84.97ug/l and plasma Se concentration was 75.02ug/l. In wholesome nutrition group mean wholeblood Se concentration and plasma Se concentration with Se levels, correlation analysis was conducted between Se concentration and BMI, age and daily food intake. BMI and age did not correlate significantly with wholeblood and plasma Se levels. In wholesome nutrition group, serum and wholeblood Se levels had significant correlation with fish intake.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.57-61
• /
• 1982

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ingestion of rice meal with red pepper(Capsicum annuum) as a seasoning upon the plasma gastrin concentration of normal human subjects in Korea. Thirteen normal human subjects including male and female(mean age: 21 years, range: $20{\sim}24\;years$) were studied. After an overnight(about 15 hrs) fast each subject ingested a test meal and a control meal on different days. The test meal consisted of 250 g toiled rice, 250 ml radish soup containing red pepper(dried powder, 3 g), 50 g vegetables and 200 ml barley tea, corresponding to 7.0 g protein, 9.0 g fat and 82 g carbohydrate and the control meal consisted of the same amount as the test meal except that the radish soup was supplied without red pepper. The venous blood samples were drawn before and after the ingestion of meals at the following times: -30, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min for the measurement of plasma gastrin concentration by means of radioimmunoassay. 1) Plasma gastrin concentration in response to the ingestion of control meal without red pepper increased significantly compared with the concentration in fasting state. 2) The increase of plasma gastrin concentration after the ingestion of test meal(containing red pepper) was significantly higher than that after the control meal. It is inferred from the above mentioned results that the ingestion of red pepper as a seasoning has a stimulatory influence on gastrin release in normal human subjects.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.60-65
• /
• 1999

Chronic alcoholism often leads to folate deficiency. In recent years it has been reported that mild elevation of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease. In the present study we investigated the effects of chronic ethanol consumption on folate status and the relation between plasma folate and Hcy. A human study was conducted to determine plasma folate, total Hcy, cysteine(Cys), total cholesterol and hemoglobin(Hb) concentrations in 44 Korean alcoholics(men aged 30 to 50yr) and 45 Korean non-alcoholic subjects(men aged 30 to 50 yr). In alcoholic subjects, 52.6% were folate deficient and 34.2% were marginally deficient, which suggested that most alcoholics were subnormal in folate status. Plasma total Hcy concentration of alcoholics was twice as high as in control subjects (p<0.001). We found a negative correlation between plasma folate and plasma total Hcy(r=-0.271, p<0.05) and a positive correlation between plasma folate and plasma Cys(r=0.249, p<0.05) in total subjects. Hb concentrations in alcoholics was significantly lower than in control subjects, but there was no difference in total cholesterol concentration between alcoholics and controls. These results suggest that chronic alcohol consumption may impair the disposal of Hcy by interfering with folate metabolism.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.368-373
• /
• 1998

Plasma amino acid concentration and Urinary exretion of free amino acids were measured in health female vegetarians(n=20, 19.9 $\pm$0.43 years old ) and age-mateched imnivores(n=20, 21.9$\pm$0.38years old) in Korean. differences infasting plasma amino acid concentrations and plasma aminogram pattern were not spectacular between the vegetarian and omnivore controls. Compared to the omnivores, vegetarians showed significantly lower plasma levels of methionine , phenylalanine, $\alpha$-aminobutyrate, citrulline, phosposerine and tarurine, and significantly higher plasma concentrations of arginine, $\alpha$-aminobutyrate, cirtrulline, phosphosierine and taurine, and significantly higher plasma concentrations of arginine, $\alpha$-aminoadipate, asparagine, aspartate, glutamate and ornithine. Although these differences were statistically significant, they were all within the normal range (21~70% differences )for human adults. Most of the urinary amino acids (nmol/mg creatinine or $\mu$mol/24 hr urine) were excreted to significantly lesser degree in vegetarians than was the case in omnivore controls. For almost every individual free amino acid, plasma concentration did not significantly correlate with urinary excretion level. These results indicate that vegetarians excreted less amino acids in their urine than did dominivores, most probably in an effort to maintain amino acid homeostasis to an altered dietary protein intake level and/or amino acid composition of their diets.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.1165-1173
• /
• 2014

For the field application of dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor in nutrient solution culture, a filtration-DBD (dielectric barrier discharge) plasma reactor was investigated for the Ralstonia solanacearum which causes bacterial wilt in aquiculture. The filtration-DBD plasma reactor system of this study was consisted of filter, plasma reactor, reservoir. The DBD plasma reactor consisted of a quartz dielectric tube, discharge electrode (inner) and ground electrode (outer). The experimental results showed that the inactivation of R. solanacearum with filter media type in filter reactor ranked in the following order: anthracite > fiber ball > sand > ceramic ball > quartz ceramic. In filtration + plasma process, disinfection effect with the voltage was found to small. In disinfection time of 120 minutes, residual R. solanacearum concentration was 1.17 log (15 CFU/mL). When the continuous disinfection time was 120 minute, disinfection effect was thought to keep the four days. In sporadic operation mode of 30 minutes disinfection - 24 hours break, residual R. solanacearum concentration after five days was 0.3 log (2 CFU/mL). It is considered that most of R. solanacearum has been inactivated substantially.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.50 no.5
• /
• pp.430-435
• /
• 2007

Even though we drink and excrete water without recognition, the amount and the composition of body fluid remain constant everyday. Maintenance of a normal osmolality is under the control of water balance which is regulated by vasopressin despite sodium concentration is the dominant determinant of plasma osmolality. The increased plasma osmolality (hypernatremia) can be normalized by the concentration of urine, which is the other way of gaining free water than drinking water, while the low plasma osmolality (hyponatremia) can be normalized by the dilution of urine which is the only regulated way of free water excretion. On the other hand, volume status depends on the control of sodium balance which is regulated mainly by renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, through which volume depletion can be restored by enhancing sodium retention and concomitant water reabsorption. This review focuses on the urine concentration and dilution mechanism mediated by vasopressin and the associated disorders; diabetes insipidus and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2006.04a
• /
• pp.108-110
• /
• 2006

A prediction model of charge concentration of silicon nitride (SiN) thin films was constructed by using neural network and genetic algorithm. SIN films were deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition and the deposition process was characterized by means of $2^{6-1}$ fractional factorial experiment. Effect of five training factors on the model prediction performance was optimized by using genetic algorithm. This was examined as a function of the learring rate. The root mean squared error of optimized model was 0.975, which is much smaller than statistical regression model by about 45%. The constructed model can facilitate a Qualitative analysis of parameter effects on the charge concentration.