• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.309-313
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of rumen-protected lysine (RPLys) on growth rate, feed efficiency and plasma amino acid concentrations in sheep. RPLys was supplemented at the level of 0% ($T_1$), 0.2% ($T_2$) and 0.4% ($T_3$) of total DMI with 24 sheep in a 56 day feeding trial. The results are summarized as follows: 1. live weight gain of sheep in groups $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$ was 219, 216 and 244 g/d, and was significantly (p < 0.05) higher for $T_3$ through the entire experiment. 2. Feed intake was not affected by RPLys supplementation. 3. The group fed $T_3$ had a significantly (p < 0.05) better feed efficiency than the groups fed $T_1$ and $T_3$. The response of $T_3$ was higher in growing period II of feeding low protein basal diet than in period I. 4. Plasma lysine concentrations tended to be higher with supplementing RPLys, but there were no differences between $T_2$ and $T_3$. 5. Supplementing RPLys in the diets increased plasma concentrations of arginine, asparagines, threonine, serine, valine and leucine compared with sheep receiving no RPLys. In contrast, plasma histidine was lower in sheep fed the supplementing RPLys than fed the diet $T_1$ with significant (p < 0.05) difference.

• 약학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.218-223
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• 2003

Effect of taurine treatment on metabolism of glutathione (GSH) was studied in adult male ICR mice. An acute injection of taurine (250 mg/kg, ip) resulted in a significant decline of hepatic GSH level at t = 6 hr, but plasma GSH level was not altered. The activity of GSH-related enzyme in liver, such as GSH peroxidase, GSSG reductase, GSH S-transferases, ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine synthetase or ${\gamma}$-glutamyltranspeptidase, was not affected by taurine at t = 2.5 or 6 hr. Plasma cysteine and cystine levels were elevated rapidly following taurine treatment. Hepatic cysteine level was decreased by taurine, reaching a level approximately 70％ of control at t = 4 and 6 hr. In conclusion, the results indicate that an acute dose of taurine decreases hepatic GSH level by reducing the availability of cysteine, an essential substrate for synthesis of this tripeptide in liver. It is also suggested that taurine may decrease the cysteine uptake by competing with this S-amino acid for a non-specific amino acid transporter.

• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국어업기술학회 2001년도 춘계 수산관련학회 공동학술대회발표요지집
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• pp.322-323
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• 2001

Studies in the chick (Hill and Olsen 1963, Richardson et al.1953), rat (Swendseid et al. 1963, Young and Zamora 1968), pig (Puchal et al. 1962), man (Longnecker and Hause 1961, Snyderman et al. 1964, Swendseid et al. 1966), and fish (Thebault 1985) have clearly established that a reduced concentration of an EAA in plasma reflects a deficient level of that amino acid in the diet. (omitted)

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

무지개송어의 대동맥에 삽입관을 부착한 후 스트레스와 관련된 생리화학적 반응을 조사하였고, 실험사료의 위내 강제공급 후 혈장내 유리 아미노산의 농도변화를 비교하였다. 무지개 송어에 있어 아미노산의 요구량 설정 모델 개발을 위한 기초연구로서 사료 영양학적 연구를 위한 새로운 사료공급 및 혈액채취 방법의 개발을 위하여, 강제투여 및 대동맥 삽입방법의 적용 가능성을 조사하였다. 스트레스와 관련된 생리화학적 반응조사에 있어서 혈액내 헤마토크리트(Ht)는 6시간에 최대치를 보였고, 12시간에 최초수준으로 돌아와 48시간까지 유지되었고 혈장내 코티졸과 글루코스는 3시간에 증가하기 시작하여 6시간에 최대치를 보였으며(P<0.05), 48시간에 최초수준으로 돌아왔다. 혈장내 총 단백질 함량, 삼투압, Na농도, K농도, Cl농도, 헤모글로빈(Hb)수와 적혈구수(red blood cell, RBC)는 48시간동안 큰 변화를 보이지 않았다. 실험사료의 위내 강제 공급 후 혈장내 유리 아미노산의 농도 변화는, arginine, histidine, Iysine, methionine, threonine. valine, glutamic acid. isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine과 tryptophan이 사료공급 후 4시간에 최대치를 보였고, 8~24시간사이에 최초수준 또는 감소하고, 48시간까지 일정하게 유지되었다. glycine은 사료공급 후 4~8사이에 감소하여 12시간에 최대치를 보였고 24시간에 최초수준으로 돌아왔다. alanine과 aspartic acid의 농도는 사료공급 후 4시간에 최대치를 보였고, 48시간에 기본농도로 돌아왔다. 상기 결과를 토대로, 위내 강제 공급 방법과 대동맥 삽입방법을 무지개 송어의 사료 영양학적 연구에 적용 가능하였고, 유리아미노산의 농도 측정으로 필수 아미노산 요구량 추정이 가능함을 보여주었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2014

There is currently no reference for intake of lysine for Chinese people; therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the lysine requirement of Chinese young male adults on a habitual Chinese mixed diet based on the modified indicator amino acid oxidation method. Seven young men with a mean age of $23.7{\pm}2.2$ years that were healthy based on questionnaire, physical examinations and screening tests were evaluated. Subjects were evaluated over five consecutive 7 day periods, during which time they were administered decreasing amounts of lysine via the diet (65, 55, 45, 35, $25mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$). Subjects were allowed to adapt from day 1 to 6 and the isotopes were measured on day 7 in each period. The subjects' body weights, body compositions and plasma proteins were also examined during the study. Amino acid kinetics were measured based on the indicator amino acid oxidation technique using the $^{13}CO_2$ release rate and phenylalanine oxidation rate to estimate lysine requirements. Body weights, body compositions, and plasma proteins of subjects did not change significantly relative to those at baseline. The mean and the upper 95% CI of lysine requirements of Chinese habitual diets were determined to be 58.41 and $70.09mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$, respectively, based on the $^{13}CO_2$ release rate and 54.28 and $65.14mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$, respectively, based on the phenylalanine oxidation rate.

• 대한지역사회영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한지역사회영양학회 2001년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.972.1-972
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• 2001

• Translational and Clinical Pharmacology
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.134-140
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• 2018

This study aimed to develop a UPLC-MS/MS method for determining plasma levels of L-aspartic acid and L-asparagine and the activity of L-asparaginase. L-aspartic acid, L-asparagine, and L-aspartic acid-2,3,3-$d_3$ were extracted from human plasma by protein precipitation with sulfosalicylic acid (30%, v/v). The plasma samples were analyzed using an Imtakt Intrada amino acid analysis column with 25 mM ammonium formate and 0.5% formic acid in acetonitrile as the mobile phase with step gradient method at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The injection volume was $5{\mu}L$, and the total run time was 15 min. Inter- and intra-batch accuracies (%) ranged from 96.62-106.0% for L-aspartic acid and 89.85-104.8%, for L-asparagine, and the coefficient of variation (CV%) did not exceed 7%. The validation results for L-aspartic acid and L-asparagine satisfied the specified criterion, however, the results for L-asparaginase activity assay showed a borderline validity. This study could be a foundation for further development of therapeutic drug monitoring systems using UPLC-MS/MS.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.119-128
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• 1982

The effect of dietary protein on growth and lipid levels of plasma and liver was studied in weanling male rats fed diets differing protein sources and amino acid balance. Rats were devided into 9 experimental diets which were grouped into 3 categories ; 1) Simple protein category includes gluten-, soy protein isolate-, and casein-containing diet groups, 2) Supplemented category includes casein supplemented with methionine, soy protein isolate supplemented with methionine, and gluten supplemented with lysine and methionine, 3) Mixed protein category includes diet groups containing gluten (2/3), casein (1/3), soy protein isolate (2/3) and casein (1/3), and casein (1/3), soy protein isolate (1/3) and gluten (1/3). The experimental diets composed of 15% protein, 65.8% carbohydrate, 10% fat and 1% cholesterol. The body wt. gain and P.E.R. were greater in rats of supplemented and mixed protein groups than simple protein groups. No statistical differences were found in plasma cholesterol among gluten, soy protein isolate and casein groups. Consumption of diets supplemented with limiting amino acid to gluten or soy protein isolate reduced the plasma cholesterol level by 23.2% and 34.2% respectively. However there was no difference between casein and the supplemented casein groups. The mixed protein groups shows relatively high plasma cholesterol concentration and low liver cholesterol levels. On the other hand gluten group showed low plasma cholesterol and high liver cholesterol levels, which means body cholesterol pool may not have been changed by the dietary protein. Feeding soy protein meal and the supplemented soy protein isolate resulted in lower plasma cholesterol, plasma triglycerides, liver cholesterol and liver triglycerides levels. This hypolipidemic effect is considered to see unique to soy protein isolate. Rats in gluten and the supplemented gluten groups showed lower plasma protein levels and a tendency of fatty liver.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문요약집
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• pp.67-67
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• 2003

Dorsal aorta cannulated rainbow trout averaging 505 $\pm$ 6.5g (Mean $\pm$ SD) were divided into 7 groups (5 fish per group). Twenty four hour post feeding, cannulated fish were intubated with one of seven L-amino acid diets containing graded levels of Valine (Val. : 0.45, 0.95, 1.20, 1.45, 1.70, 1.95 or 2.45%) at 1% of body weight. Blood samples were taken at 0, 5 and 24hr after feeding the experimental diets. Post-prandial (5h after feeding) plasma-free Valine concentrations (PPval.) increased linearly from fish fed diets containing Valine between 0.45 and 1.45%, but the concentration remained constant from fish fed diets containing valine between 1.45 and 2.45%. Post-absorptive (24h after feeding) plasma free valine concentrations (PAval) increased linearly from fish fed diets containing valine between 0.45 and 1.45%, but the concentration remained constant from fish fed diets containing valine between 1.45 and 1.95%. Using the broken-line model analysis, the dietary valine requirement by PPval and PAval could be 1.44 and 1.50% in rainbow trout, respectively. These results supported that the estimated dietary valine requirement by PP(val.) and PA(val.) could be in close agreement with the values obtained from the previous conventional feeding method. Thus, the use of PFAA concentrations for determining essential amino acid requirements could be possible in rainbow trout with dorsal aorta cannulation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 1998

This study conducted to evaluate effects of popped soybean on levels of ruminal peptides and blood amino acids in Holstein calves fed sudan grass hay as a forage source and popped (PSB) soybean as a concentrate supplement. At 0, 2, 4 and 6 h after feeding, rumen fluid and blood samples were collected from the rumen and jugular vein, respectively, and amino acids, peptides and other nitrogen-containing compounds in the rumen were analyzed. Ruminal pH tended to be higher in the RSB than in the PSB treatments, and declined upto 4 h after feeding, since then increased in both treatments. The concentrations of ammonia-N in all treatments increased upto 2 h after feeding, and then decreased gradually with time after feeding. The concentrations of ammonia N in the rumen were not significantly different between the treatments, however, those in RSB treatment appeared to be higher. Also, protein concentrations in the rumen were not significantly different between the treatments. Peptide productions were the highest at 2 h after feeding in the group fed RSB which is rapidly degradable in rumen, whereas those in the group fed PSB which is slowly degradable in rumen were maximized at 4 h after feeding. The concentration of total free essential amino acids in plasma was higher in the RSB treatment than in the PSB, but disappearance rates of these amino acids out of plasma was higher in the PSB treatment than in the RSB treatment. Disappearance rates of free non-essential amino acids in plasma were not significantly different between the treatments. Consequently, this study implies that the production of peptide and utilization of blood amino acid may be controlled by the modification of protein degradability.