• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of calculus removal, an essential factor in periodontal disease in the elderly population. Further, the study aimed to identify the oral hygiene management matters of individuals and to use the information as primary data for preventing dental loss and improving the prevention of chronic diseases. From December 20, 2019, to January 15, 2020, the results of 171 studies on oral hygiene management and awareness of calculus removal among the elderly aged 65 or older in Busan and Gyeongnam are as follows: The elderly with good health appreciated their functional oral health status and showed significant differences (Χ²=298.26, p<.001). Many of the elderly brushing their teeth at least three times a day had a better health status and showed significant differences according to their health status (= 134.42, p <.001). Usually, older people who are in good health have a dental floss (Χ²=89.31, p<.001), and the dental floss were used more often and significantly differed depending o health status (Χ²=92.53, p<.001). The elderly's perception of tartar removal has shown that the overall average out of five points is positive at 3.48. Older female adults were more positive and showed significant differences regarding gender (t=-7.95, p<.001). Senior citizens aged 65 to 70 were more positive about dental removal than those aged 71 or older, with significant differences in age (t=6.65, p<.001). As described above, oral hygiene management for the elderly population needs to develop a periodontal disease prevention program linked to systemic diseases, considering that there are many chronic diseases.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.220-225
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• 2015

This study was conducted to examine O'leary index, patient hygiene performance (PHP) index, and toothbrushing practice assessment in subjects of college students in 20s who had been randomly selected. The purpose of this study is to examine if it is easy for rolling method which is recommended by many dental professionals in Korea to implement and to effectively remove dental plaque. Also, the correlations between dental plaque index and toothbrushing practice assessment with the course of time was confirmed, after instruction session on toothbrushing was provided. STATA 11.0 (StataCorp) was used for analysis. There was no significant difference on the three ways of O'leary index, PHP index, and toothbrushing practice assessment in using rolling method, bass technique and toothpick method when comparing the average resulting from first to third instruction session on toothbrushing. O'leary index, PHP index, and toothbrushing practice assessment were inspected with Kruskal-Wallis test which is used for non-parametric statistics. They were checked three times: the first, before the toothbrushing instruction was given; the second, two weeks after the toothbrushing session was given; and the third, 4 weeks after the session. The results are as follows: O'leary index stood at the lowest in the first experiment but showed the highest in the second (p=0.0001). PHP index was the highest level in the first trial and decreased in the second time, but increased again in the last examination (p=0.0001). Toothbrushing practice assessment also showed a similar tendency with PHP index (p=0.0001). In conclusion, rolling method is not the best option for everyone, and it is thought that more various toothbrushing ways need to be reviewed and recommended to people. Also, institutional framework is required for the continuous education on toothbrushing to be in place as the effectiveness of the education is decreased with time.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.768-771
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• 2008

The use of IVUS provides information about the lumen and arterial wall, the location and extent of atherosclerotic plaque and the state of the arterial wall after PCi. The use of IVUS after insertion of an intracoronary stent has currently increased, while conflicting evidence exists concerning the long-term benefits of IVUS. We report here on a case of surgical removal of an entrapped and fractured IVUS catheter during insertion of intracoronary stents, and we include a review of the relevant literature.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.809-822
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• 1998

Adequate root preparation in the treatment of periodontal disease often involves mechanical instrumentation to remove plaque, calculus perhaps contaminated cementum. Although meticulous scaling and root planing may remove some cementum, the use of aggressive root planing to remove cementum does not appear warranted. So ultrasonic device and rotary instrument appear to be replacing hand instrument. But it is not clear those instruments make smooth root surface as hand instrument. The roghness of the root surface were evaluate with SEM following instrumentation with Gracey curette, Perio Clean and piezo ultrasonic device(Setlec) with various tip. 20 extracted teeth were used in vitro experiment, and 9 teeth of a patient destined for extraction for periodontal reasons were utilized in vivo experiment. It was demonstrated that hand curette created the smoothest surface, while diamond tip tended to roughen the root surface. But the hand curette, Perio Clean, and piezo ultasonic device with scaler tip tend to remove cementum completely. Piezo ultrasonic device with curette-like tip made the desirable smooth surface with partial removal of cementum.

• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.148-148
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• 2006

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.215-229
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was to assess the children's mean number of decayed or filled primary teeth in relation to their mother's oral health behavior and then to increase children's oral health. Methods : The 346 children and their mothers were selected for this study. The children were 4 or 7 years old in the 4 dental clinics in Busan and Kyungnam, Korea. Data were collected by examination on children and self-administrated questionnaire on their mothers. The questionnaire was surveyed mother's oral health behaviour and children experienced dental caries or not and the number of decayed or filled they had were used as outcome variables. Results : 1. The mother's education level affected children's dft index significantly(p<0.05), In the case of tooth brushing method of children, the group with circle teeth wipes shows the low dft index(p<0.01). 2. On the other hand the group with snack as food eaten between meals has high dft index(p<0.001). 3. The group with mother's visiting to dentist within recent 1 year, experience in removing plaque or willing to attend the oral health education show low dft index(p<0.05). The important variables affecting to dft index are experience with oral health education, tooth brushing guidance, replacement of toothbrushes, the kind of food eaten between meals, recent experience of plaque removal and willing to participating in the oral health class. Conclusions : This study showed that the mother's oral health behavior and concern play an important role for the prevention of preschooler's dental caries. Dental health education would be focused on the mothers, expecially for the practice of preventive behavior by preschools themselves.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.407-414
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of third molar extraction on the periodontal status of the adjacent second molar. A total of 61 second molars in 31 adult periodontitis patients were examined. Among them, 27 second molars without adjacent third molars were included in the test group, and 34 second molars with third molar were included in the control group. Clinical parameters including plaque index, gingival index, and pocket depth and radiographic bone loss were measured around the second molar both in test and control group. The result showed that: (1) the mean plaque index and gingival index of control group were higher than these of the test group but the difference was not statistically significant, (2) the mean pocket depth of the control group was higher than the test group significantly at distal and buccal surface, (3) radiographic hone loss was greater in control group than test group significantly, (4) in Pearson correlation analysis between the age of extraction and radiographic bone loss in the test group, a positive relationship was shown(p<0.01). Within limitation of this study, it may be concluded that third molar extraction in periodontitis patients showed an improvement in periodontal status in contrast the patients group having third molar, therefore earlier a removal of third molar may minimize radiographic hone loss of the adjacent second molar.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.34 no.4 s.105
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• pp.363-370
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• 2004

Patients with fixed orthodontic appliances frequently have increased levels of plaque accumulation leading to the possibility of gingivitis or enamel decalcification. Although many methods may be helpful in reducing dental plaque formation, the optimal mechanical removal of plaque is the most important factor during orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an electric toothbrush (with a specially designed orthodontic brush head) compared to a manual toothbrush in controlling plaque and gingivitis for patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Oral hygiene status was measured in thirty-four patients using a plaque index, a gingival index and a bleeding index, before and four weeks after the attachment of fixed orthodontic appliances. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: electric and manual toothbrush groups. Oral hygiene instruction was given according to the type of toothbrush used. The Braun Oral-B D9511 with Braun Oral-B Ortho OD 15-1 brush head was used as the electric toothbrush while the Butler G.U.M. 124 was given as the manual toothbrush. After four md eight weeks, oral hygiene status was measured again. Through a comparison between the electric and the manual toothbrush groups, the following results were obtained. 1. All oral hygiene indices showed an increasing tendency after four weeks of fixed orthodontic appliance. 2. All indices presented a decreasing tendency four and eight weeks after oral hygiene instruction. 3. In case of the gingival index and bleeding index, the decreasing tendency did not show a statistically significant difference between the electric and the manual toothbrush groups. 4. The decreasing tendency of plaque index presented a statistically significant difference between the two groups, showing that the electric toothbrush was more effective in terms of oral hygiene. These findings suggest that an electric toothbrush is useful to orthodontic patients with fixed appliances.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.539-553
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• 1999

The purpose of this 6-months study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes following guided tissue regeneration treating human mandibular Class II furcation defects with a bioabsorbable BioMesh barrier(test treatment) or a nonabsorbable ePTFE barrier(control treatment). Fourteen defects in 14 patients(mean age 44 years) were treated with BioMesh barriers and ten defects in 10 patients(mean age 48 years) with ePTFE barriers. After initial therapy, a GTR procedure was done. Following flap elevation, root planing, and removal of granulation tissue, each device was adjusted to cover the furcation defect. The flaps were repositioned and sutured to complete coverage of the barriers. A second surgical procedure was performed at control sites after 4 to 6 weeks to remove the nonresorbable barrier. Radiographic and clinical examinations(plaque index, gingival index, tooth mobility, gingival margin position, pocket depth, clinical attachment level) were carried out under standardized conditions immediately before and 6 months after surgery. Furthermore, digital subtraction radiography was carried out. All areas healed uneventfully. Surgical treatment resulted in clinically and statistically equivalent changes when comparisons were made between test and control treatments. Changes in plaque index were 0.7 for test and 0.4 for control treatments; changes in gingival index were 0.9 and 0.5. In both group gingival margin position and pocket depth reduction was 1.0mm and 3.0mm; clinical attachment level gain was 1.9mm. There were no changes in tooth mobility and the bone in radiographic evaluation. No significant(p${\leq }$0.05) difference between the two membranes could be detected with regard to plaque index, gingival index, gingival margin position, pocket depth, and clinical attachment level. In conclusion, a bioabsorbable BioMesh membrane is effective in human mandibular Class II furcation defects and a longer period study is needed to fully evaluate the outcomes.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.665-683
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• 2002

A novel glucanhydrolase from a mutant of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 has additional amylase activity besides mutanolytic activity and has been suggested as promising anti-plaque agent. It has been shown effective in hydrolysis of mutan, reduction of mutan formation by Streptococcus mutans and removal pre-formed sucrose-dependent adherent microbial film and has been strongly bound to hydroxyapatitie. These in vitro properties of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase are desirable for its application as a dental plaque control agent. In human experimental gingivitis　model and 6 month clinical trial, mouthrinsing with Lipomyces　starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase was comparable to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash in inhibition of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and local side effect was negligible. This study was aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase on human gingival fibroblasts. Primary culture of human gingival fibroblasts at the 4th to 6th passages were used. Glucanhydrolase solution was made from lyophilized glucanhydrolase powder from a mutant of Lipomyces stakeyi KSM 22 solved in PBS and added to DMEM medium to the final concentration of 0.5, 1, and 2 unit. Cells were exposed to glucanhydrolase solution or 0.1 % chlorhexidine and the cells cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS and 1% antibiotics as control. After exposure, the morphological change, cell attachment, and cell activity by MTT assay were evaluated in 0.5, 1.5, 3, 6, 24 hours after treatment. The cell proliferation and cell activity was also evaluated at 2 and 7 days after 1 minute exposure, twice a day. The cell morphology was similar between the Lipomyces smkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase groups and control group during the incubation periods, while most fibroblasts remained as round cell regardless of incubation time in the chlorhexidine group. The numbers of the attached cells in the glucanhydrolase groups were comparable to that of control and significantly higher than the chlorhexidine group. The numbers of the proliferated cells in the glucanhydrolase groups at 7 days of incubation were comparable to the control group and higher than the chlorhexidine group. The cell activity in glucanhydrolase groups paralleled with the increased cell number by attachment and proliferation. According to these results, Lipomyces starkeyj KSM 22 glucanhydrolase has little harmful effect on attachment and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts, in contrast to 0.1% chlorhexidine which was cytotoxic to human gingival fibroblasts. Therefore this glucanhydrolase preparation is considered as a safe and promising agent for new mouthwash formula in the near future.