• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2021

Aspilia africana (Pers) C.D.Adams, a plant used for centuries in many African countries to treat diseases such as osteoporosis, malaria, tuberculosis, and diabetes, is of great pharmaceutical interest, yet there is limited scientific literature on its germination and growth. This research paper describes the effects of different commercial soils on the germination, growth, and chlorophyll content of A. africana. The germination parameters assessed included final germination percentage (FGP), mean germination time (MGT), and germination index (GI). Shoot length, leaf number, and fresh and dry weights were some of the parameters used to assess A. africana growth. The FGP was low and did not vary significantly; the MGT was 7 ~ 10 days; and the GI was significantly higher in PPS soil at 4.61 ± 0.332 days. Aspilia africana plants in HS:PPS soil showed the best overall growth, producing the highest mean leaf number (18.00 ± 1.129), longest mean shoot length (202.43 ± 13.451 mm), and highest mean fresh and dry weights (7.08 ± 1.061 g and 0.629 ± 0.112 g, respectively). The highest chlorophyll content in leaves of A. africana under HS:PPS conditions suggested a higher photosynthetic potential of plants in this soil. The best growth performance of A. africana in the HS:PPS soil could be attributed to a higher amount of certain mineral nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus in the HS:PPS soil compared to the other soil categories. It is unclear why the FGP of A. africana was low and we recommend an exclusive study to investigate this further.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 1995

The growth, size and morphology of leaves, which foliated on the same shoot and time in the early growth season, were studied in 12 woody species in temperate deciduous forests of Korea, and the equation for the index of heteromorphism of leaves was fonnulated. The numbers of leaves per shoot were from 3 to 7 in early growth season and the numbers of synchronous leafing were from 2 to 6. All the leaves on a shoot were reached maximum values of specific leaf arells at the SIlme time nearly. The differences of the length (L) and breadth (B) of leaves along leaf rank (plastochron) were conspicuous, except for Quercus variabilis. Especially, in 10 species, the ~fferences of the neighbouring leaves were significant at 0.001 or 0.05 level. The index of leaf heteromorphism was calculated from the data based on $L\;{\times}\;B$ and LIB, and similar to differences of actual leaves along leaf rank. The values of index of heteromorphism were high in Carpinus tschonosldi, Styrax obassia, Ulmus davidiana, Rhamnus yoshinoi and Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa, and low in Sorbus alnifolia and Tilia amurensis. The index of heteromorphism had no relation to other characters of the leaf or life fonn of the species. It was thought that the differences along leaf rank were related to the degree of adaptation to environment, especially to changing air temperature in early growth season.season.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.137-141
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• 2005

The effect of cotton leaf mosaic disease on morphology, yield and fibre characteristics was examined for a susceptible cotton candidate variety CRIS-168. Plants inoculated at most susceptible growth stage (six week) under screen house showed severe mosaic symptoms. There was a significant reduction in plant height and yield. Cotton leaf mosaic disease was found to produce severe effects on plant morphology with 24.1% reduction in plant height, 25% in internode length and 37.5% in number of sympodia on main stem. However no changes were observed against number of monopodial branches per plant. Inoculated plants showed 82% decrease in yield/plant, 80% in number of boll set/ plant, 12.1% in boll weight, 12.8% in lint weight, 10.8% in seed weight, and 6.8% in seed index. Cotton leaf mosaic disease also showed effects on fibre characteristics with 0.8% decrease in GOT and 1.6% in fibre length. In contrast, uniformity ratio, fibre fineness and maturity index was increased by 20.5%, 14.4% and 0.9%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.26-34
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• 2004

It is expected that the different techniques of stream restoration could be caused the different conditions of the stream ecosystem. The study was to investigate and compare plants and vegetation clusters of appearing plant species in the upper and lower section of the Seo-Ho stream, It was classified and listed all of the plants appeared in the upper and lower section of the stream, It was used the belt-transect method and Unweighted pair group method using arithmetic algorithm in order to examine and analyzed discover the vegetation clusters, In the result, 28 families and 114 species appeared in the upper section, In the other side, 26 families and 93 species appeared in the lower section of the steam. The naturalized index of the upper section was 21%, and that of the lower section was 27%. In addition, the upper section has more various geographical features than lower section of the stream. So that, consequently the study shows that the different techniques of stream restoration could be caused the different growth of the stream ecosystem.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.5_3
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• pp.603-631
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• 1998

Flora and distribution of vascular plants included introduced species of Mt. Nam park in Seoul were investigated from 1997 to 1998. The flora was composed of 112 families, 338 genera, 487 species, 1 subspecies, 60 varieties, 11 forma or 559 taca. Whole taxa of Mt. Nam calculated with the other reports were recorded 125 families, 461 genera, 832 species, 2 subspecies, 115 varieties, 14 forma or 963 taxa. Mt. nam area has lost its properties because of road and promenade construction, several park reclaimation, introduction of foreign species and exotic plants, and so on. The urbanized index (UI) was comparatively high at 18.3%. Eupatorium rugosum which shown high shade tolerance comparatively was occupied dominantly in road sides. The natural ecosystem and biodiversity of Mt. Nam were under threatened by introduced species. DBH mode of Pinus densiflora community was shown bell shape but that of Quercus mongolica was shown reverse J shape, therefore, it will be occupied in the future this area dominantly by Q. mongolica community. However the vegetation of Mt. nam park area are repressing by superior position in their growth of introduced species included R. pseudo-acacia, Ailanthus altissima and E. rugosum, etc.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.120-125
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• 2014

Halophytes are plants of saline habitats that grow under conditions that may vary in extremes of temperatures (freezing to very hot), water availability (drought to water logging) and salinity (mild to almost saturation). Halophytes may also face sudden micro-environmental variations within their habitats. In this study, we examine some of the factors that determine the ability of seeds of Artemisia fukudo to germinate when conditions are optimal for seedling growth and survival. Germination percentage was the highest at 77.5% when treated in 0% seawater and seedling growth was best in 0% seawater plug cell tray. Physiological quality (chlorophyll contents) and mean germination time were best in the condition in which seeds were treated with 0% seawater (control). Germination performance index in the control group showed the highest value to 3.8. Seedling growth, seedling vigor index in the length of seedling growth andthe relative growth rate were the highest values of 0.76 cm, 1.43, 0.0099, respectively.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.247-250
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• 2019

Wheat is one of the most important grains. Its consumption is increasing globally. Many countries are making efforts to increase the extent of wheat harvest. It is known that plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) have beneficial effects on various plants. Two PGPRs including Paenibacillus pabuli strain P7S (PP7S) and Pseudomonas nitroreducens strain IHB (PnIHB) were employed to investigate effects of PGPRs on early growth of three wheat cultivars (Koso, Seakumkang, and Jokyung). While PP7S had adverse effects on Seakumkang and Jokyung, PP7S had positive effects on Koso except root length compared to control group having no treatment of PP7S. However, all treatments with PnIHB had adverse effects on germination rate, root/shoot lengths, vigor index, and dry root/shoot weights of all three wheat cultivars. These positive effects with PP7S on Koso might be related to the earlier emergence of wheat seed above soil which is known to be an indicator of increased yield. Results of the present study suggest that if proper PGPR strains are selected, they could have positive effects on early growth rate of a wheat cultivar.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.130-136
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• 2020

There are many problems that occur currently in agriculture industries. The problems such as unexpected of changing weather condition, lack of labor, dry soil were some of the reasons that may cause the growth of the plants. Condition of the weather in local area is inconsistent due to the global warming effect thus affecting the production of the crops. Furthermore, the loss of farm labor to urban manufacturing jobs is also the problem in this industry. Besides, the condition for the plant like air humidity, air temperature, air quality index, and soil moisture are not being recorded automatically which is more reason for the need of implementation system to monitor the data for future research and development of agriculture industry. As of this, we aim to provide a solution by developing IoT-based platform along with the irrigation for increasing crop quality and productivity in agriculture field. We aim to develop a smart garden system environment which the system is able to auto-monitoring the humidity and temperature of surroundings, air quality and soil moisture. The system also has the capability of automating the irrigation process by analyzing the moisture of soil and the climate condition (like raining). Besides, we aim to develop user-friendly system interface to monitor the data collected from the respective sensor. We adopt an open source hardware to implementation and evaluate this research.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2002

The test of germination has been used as a good indicator to assess the toxicity of chemicals to plant. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of PAHs, anthracene and phenanthrene, on germination ratio, germination index and germination time of barley, tall fescue and alfafa. Anthracene and phenathrene induced to decrease the seedling length and increase the germination time of the experimental plants. But they did not affect the maximum germination ratio. While it was not correlated between seedling length and final germination ratio, it was shown a close relationship between seedling length and mean germination time of the plants. These results suggested that the mean of germination time and seedling growth could be useful to exmine the phyto -toxicological effect of PAHs. The mixture of anthracene and phenanthrene was examined to investigate the combined effect on seedling length; the mixture induced the reduction of seedling. This was meant that the mixture toxicity of PAHs might be not shown in the sum of each chemical toxicity.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.331-342
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• 1990

Analysis of vegetation on the pavements and under the trees of streets in Seoul city were investigated from July to November 1989. All of the vascular herbs were 9 orders, 13 families, 30 genera, 37 species and 1 forma. Species diversity and evenness index were higher on the pavements than under the trees of streets. Eragrostis multicaulis with C-4 pathway was a dominant species, and next orders of importace values were Eleusine indica(C-4), Digitaria sanguinalis(C-4), Taraxacum officinale(C-3) and Erigeron annus(C-3). On the pavements and under the trees of streets, light intensity and surface temperature were very high, Also, these sites were affected by many kinds of human interferences. Therefore, it was an example of adaptation to specific ecological environments that C-4 plats were more dominant than C-3, growth forms of C-3 plants were rosette or prostrate, and annual or biennial plants were distributed in these studied sites. Generally, fruits types were grains, achens and capsules. Seeds were very small and some had appendages such as pappus.