• Molecules and Cells
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.323-330
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• 2007

The mature wheat embryo is arguably one of the best explants for genetic transformation because of its unlimited availability and lack of growth season restriction. However, an efficient regeneration system using mature wheat embryos (Triticum aestivum L.) is still not available. To identify genes related to the tissue culture response (TCR) of wheat, QTLs for callus induction from mature embryos and callus regeneration were mapped using an RIL population derived from the cross of 'Wangshuibai' with 'Nanda2419', which has a good TCR. By whole genome scanning we identified five, four and four chromosome regions conditioning, respectively, percent embryos forming a callus (PEFC), percent calli regenerating plantlets (PCRP), and number of plantlets per regenerating callus (NPRC). The major QTLs QPefc.nau-2A and QPcrp.nau-2A were mapped to the long arm of chromosome 2A, explaining up to 22.8% and 17.6% of the respective phenotypic variance. Moreover, two major QTLs for NPRC were detected on chromosomes 2D and 5D; these together explained 51.6% of the phenotypic variance. We found that chromosomes 2A, 2D, 5A, 5B and 5D were associated via different intervals with at least two of the three TCR indexes used. Based on this study and other reports, the TCRs of different explant types of wheat may be under the control of shared or tightly linked genes, while different genes or gene combinations may govern the stages from callus induction to plantlet regeneration. The importance of group 2 and 5 chromosomes in controlling the TCRs of Triticeae crops and the likely conservation of the corresponding genes in cereals are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2007

Plant Regeneration via organogenesis from leaf disk of Korean dandelion was investigated. Leaf disk cultured on MS medium with various combinations of BA (0-4 mg/L) and 2,4-D (0-1 mg/L). Shoot regeneration from leaf explant was observed after 3 weeks of culture. The highest shoot regeneration frequency from leaf disk was obtained with 2 mg/L BA. To analyze the effect of leaf age along shoot formation, we measured number of shoots per explant, shooting rate, fresh and dry weight of leaf explant. The highest number of shoots (11.5) per explant were obtained leaf from 7 weeks old plantlets after seed germination. The regenerated shoots were transferred in 1/2 MS medium with 0.5 mg/L NAA for root formation. Regeneratied plantlets thought organogenesis were growing to whole plants in the pots with acclimation.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.87-92
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• 2008

An improved protocol for high frequency plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryo-derived cell suspension cultures of watershield (Brasenia schreberi) was developed. Zygotic embryos formed pale-yellow globular structures and white friable callus at a frequency of 80% when cultured on halfstrength MS medium supplemented with $0.3mg\;l^{-1}$ 2,4-D. However, the frequency of formation of pale-yellow globular structures and white friable callus decreased slightly with increasing concentrations of 2,4-D up to $3mg\;l^{-1}$, where the frequency reached ~50% of the control. Cell suspension cultures from zygotic embryoderived white friable callus were established using half-strength MS medium supplemented with $0.3mg\;l^{-1}$ 2,4-D. Upon plating of cell aggregates on half-strength MS basal medium, approximately 8.3% gave rise to somatic embryos and developed into plantlets. However, the frequency of plantlet development from cell aggregates was sharply increased (by up to 55%) when activated charcoal and zeatin were applied. Regenerated plantlets were successfully transplanted to potting soil and grown to normal plants in a growth chamber. The distinctive feature of this study is the establishment of a high frequency plant regeneration system via somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryo-derived cell suspension cultures of water-shield, which has not been previously reported. The protocol for plant regeneration of watershield through somatic embryogenesis could be useful for the mass propagation and transformation of selected elite lines.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.447-451
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• 2000

This study was conducted to establish a regeneration system of plantlets through callus culture induced from bulb scales of Lillium‘Gelria’. Friable callus was induced very easily from bulb scales, and grew vigorously on medium lacking growth regulators. In media with 0.5∼ 1.0 mg/L kinetin and 0.1 ∼ 1.0 mg/L NAA, 100% of explants produced callus. Proliferation of callus was actively occurred on media containing 0.1 ∼ 1.0 mg/L kinetin and 0.1 ∼ 1.0 mg/L NAA. Callus proliferation and regeneration of bulblets from callus were occurred simultaneously. Light condition was more effective for the callus proliferation and solid medium was better than liquid medium. Althrough callus was proliferated vigorously on media containing 0.1 ∼ 1.0 mg/L BA and NAA, the frequncy of plantlet regeneration was better on medium without growth regulators, then on medium with 0.1 mg/L BA and NAA.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2006

Plantlet regeneration in Asteracantha longifolia(L.) Nees (Acanthaceae), a medicinal herb has been achieved from seedling explants on basal MS medium. Three different seedling explants including node, internode and leaf segments on used. Of these three explant, leaf explants gave better response for both callus mediated organogenesis and direct multiple shoot induction. Number of explants showing differentiation of shout buds was higher on MS media supplemented with BA compared to kinetin. MS medium fortified with BA ($2.0mgl^{-1}$) and NAA ($0.5mgl^{-1}$) was found to be most suitable for both callus mediated organogenesis and elongation of shouts. The elongated shoots were successfully routed on MS medium fortified with NAA or IBA. Among them $0.1mgl^{-1}$ NAA or $0.2mgl^{-1}$ IBA provides better response for rhizogenesis. Regenerated plantlets were successfully established in soil where 85.4% or them developed into morphologically normal and fertile plants. RAPD profiling using four decamer primers confirmed the genetic uniformity of the regenerated plantlets and substantiated the efficacy and suitability of this protocol for in vitro propagation of A. longifolia.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.225-228
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• 2006

To acquire the normal regeneration of plantlets, we investigated combinations and concentrations of plant growth regulations for optimal conditions of adventitious root formation. Based on the previous study, we performed callus and shoot induction. When induced shoot was transferred into a rooting medium containing plant hormones, it wilted and died. Thus, the shoot proliferated on 1/2 MS medium for 10 days and was then treated with MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/L NAA for 3 days. Adventitious root formations were observed after shoot planlets were transferred to 1/3 MS medium. The concentrations of salt and sucrose were gradually reduced in MS medium and the rooted plantlets were transferred for acclimatization into a mixture of peatmoos : perlite (3 : 2).

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 1981

Explants of mature root tissues and calli derived from root and cotyledon of Panax ginseng were cultured in vitro on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2, 4-dichlorophen-oxyacetic acid(3,4-D), naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA), benzyladenine, and gibberellic acid to assess their capacity to regenerate organs. Root formation at high percentage (46.2-61.1%) was obtained 20-30 days after culturing on media supplemented with combinations of NAA(5 mg/l) and kinetin (1 mg/l), And calli derived from cotyledon produced numerous embryoids in media($\frac{1}{2}$MS) containing 2,4-D(0.5 mg/l) and kinetin (0.5 mg/l). Reculture of these embryoids in media($\frac{1}{2}$MS) enriched with 1 mg/l of benzyladenine and 1 mg/l of gibberellic acid resulted in more plantlet regeneration.

• Plant Resources
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.131-134
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• 2000

Embryogenic callus cultures of Korean native Seosanjong of ginger(Zingiber of officinale Rosc.) were induced through stem explants taken from in vitro shoot-tip cultures. Among the four concentrations of 2,4-D tested in Murashige and Skoog medium, 0.5 and 1 mg/L of 2,4-D was most effective in inducing embryogenic callus. Leaf explants did not express any new morphogenetic response in all 2,4-D concentrations tested. Plantlets transferred to hormone-free MS medium were developed and successfully acclimatized under greenhouse.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 1993

Present experiments were carried out to examine the effect of plant growthregulators for callus induction and plantlet regeneration through leaf tissue culture of Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI. The results indicated that Callus was induced well on MS medium supplemented with 0.5mg/L NAA or 0.5mg/L NAA Plus 0.5mg/L zeatin. MS medium supplemented with 1.0mg/L BAP plus 0. 5mg /L NAA or 1. 0mg /L zeatin Plus 0.5mg /L NAA and 1.0mg /L NAA were the most effective for plant regeneration. Thin layer chromatogram of baicalin component (Rf 0.39) was observed from callus cultured on MS medium containing 0.5mg /L NAA plus 0.5mg /L zeatin.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.410-416
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• 2005

Rhodiola sachalinensis has been used as a traditional medicine in Asia. We were germination in vitro seedling of grow naturally in Chang bai Moutain. And callus induction from leaf segments, treatmented plant regeneration in plant growth regulators (Auxins and cytokinins). We investigated optimal conditions for efficient plant regeneration through callus induction and shoots formation on medium with various kinds of growth regulators. Callus induction and adventitious shoots formation was achieved when cytokinin and auxin combinated to this experiment. Especially, there was the highest callus induction rates when we were used to 1 mg/L kinetin and 2 mg/L NAA $(98\%)$, Adventitious shoots formation wear obtained difference rate when cytokinin alone 1 mg/L BA $(96.6\%)$. And regenerated plantlet was acclimatized and transplanted to the soil, showed $100\%$ survival.