• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.133-143
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• 2018

In spite of the growing importance of landscaping trees, the rate of flawed and withered trees damaged by pest, disease, drought or frost is increasing. In order to evaluate the performance of the Tree Protective Pad, which are developed to reduce the failure ratio in landscape planting, the tree protective pad for 'digging', 'pest controlling', and 'insulating' are tested based on the five functional criteria; moisturizing effect, wither preventive effect, pest and disease control, thermal effect, tensile strength, and environmental performance. The result of this study is as follows. The moisturizing effect of the tree protective pad for digging is found to be outstanding. According to the result of testing the pad on trees, in particular, it is better than jute tape in wither preventive effect, which means it is expected to prevent flaw and wilt from planting during the improper seasons like summertime. The experiment of installing the protective tree pad for pest controlling to the trunk of Quercus mongolica shows that preventive effect of the pad from diseases and insects is superior, and it also has economical effect by reducing the use of agricultural chemicals. The comparative test of the pad for insulating and jute tape proves that the temperature of the pad is about $2^{\circ}C$ higher than outside. The rate of tensile strength and biodegradation of the pad exceeds the optimal level, so it is revealed that the pad may be the work efficient and environment-friendly product. Likewise, by timely irrigating trees, the tree protective pad economically prevents trees from pest, disease,drought or frost, which may be caused by improper seasonal or delayed planting. As a means of reducing the flaw and facilitating the growth of trees, the exceptional performance of the pad is expected to effectively used in landscape planting and management.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the load of soil layers affected by soil depth in artificial soil alone or in blends with Loam with various ratio. The artificial soils were perlite large grain, perlite small grain, and perlite small grains blended with Loam (sand 46%, silt 40%, clay 14%) at a ratio of 8:2, 6:4, 5:5 (v/v). The soil layers were divided into a planting layer and a well-drained layer, then the weight of each layer in the air-dried state and in the field capacity were determined. The data were subjected to correlation analysis, regression analysis, and paired samples t-test. The summarized results are as follows; 1) In the air-dried state, the regression equations of the well-drained layer weight(kg/m2) in perlite large grain, planting layer weight in perlite small grain, planting layer weight in perlite small grain biended with loam(8:2, v/v), perlite small grain blended with loam(6:4, v/v), and perlite small grain blended with loam(5:5, v/v) were; 1.65824*X+0.026, 1.52292*X-0.052, 3.21468*X+0.515, 6.17549*X+ 0.083, and 6.02100*X + 33.133, respectively, where X is soil depth measured in Centimeters. 2) In the field capacity, the regression equations of the well-drained layer weight(kg/m2) in perlite large grain, planting layer weight in perlite small grain, planting layer weight in perlite small grain blended with loam(8:2, v/v), perlite small grain blended with loam(6:4, v/v), and perlite small grain blended with loam(5:5, v/v) were 5.055*X - 2.006, 7.073*X + 100.008, 8.092*X + 116.676, 10.766*X + 100.112, and 10.974*X + 124.423, respectively, where X is the soil depth measured in Centimeters. 3) All of the equations mentioned above were statistically reliable and therefore easily applicable in practical business affairs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.46-47
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• 1999

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.1-24
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• 1980

One of the most important basic problems for developing the new techniques in the field of road landscape planting practices in Korea, is to clarify, analyse, and evaluate the existing technical level through actual field survey on the various kinds of planting techniques. This study is, therefore, aimed at the good grasp of detail essences of the existing level of road landscape planting techniques through field investigations of the executed sites. In this study, emphasized efforts are made to the detail analysis and systematic rearrangements of such main subjects as; 1) principles and functions of the road landscape planting techniques; 2) essential elements in planning of it; 3) advanced practices in execution of planting of it; 4) and improved methods in maintenance of plants and lands as an entire system of road landscape planting techniques. The road landscape planting techniques could be explained as the planting and landscaping practices to improve the road function through introduction of plants (green-environment) on and around the roads. The importances of these techniques have been recognized by the landscape architects and road engineers, and they also emphasize not on]y the establishment of road landscape features but also conservation of human's life environment by planting of suitable trees, shrubs, and other vegetations around the roads. It is essentially required to improve the present p]anting practices for establishment of the beautiful road landscape features, specially in planning, design, execution, establishment, and maintenance of plantings of the environmental conservation belts, roadside trees, footpathes, median strips, traffic islands, interchanges, rest areas, and including the adjoining route roads.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

This study quantified annual uptake and storage of carbon by urban greenspace in institutional lands and suggested improvement of greenspace structures to enhance carbon reduction effects. The study selected a total of five study cities including Seoul, Daejeon, Daegu, Chuncheon, and Suncheon, based on areal size and nationwide distribution. Horizontal and vertical greenspace structures were field-surveyed, after institutional greenspace lots were selected using a systematic random sampling method on aerial photographs of the study cities. Annual uptake and storage of carbon by woody plants were computed applying quantitative models of each species developed for urban landscape trees and shrubs. Tree density and stem diameter (at breast height) in institutional lands averaged 1.4±0.1 trees/100 ㎡ and 14.9±0.2 cm across the study cities, respectively. Of the total planted area, the ratio of single-layered planting only with trees, shrubs, or grass was higher than that of multi-layered structures. Annual uptake and storage of carbon per unit area by woody plants averaged 0.65±0.04 t/ha/yr and 7.37±0.47 t/ha, which were lower than those for other greenspace types at home and abroad. This lower carbon reduction was attributed to lower density and smaller size of trees planted in institutional lands studied. Nevertheless, the greenspace in institutional lands annually offset carbon emissions from institutional electricity use by 0.6 (Seoul)~1.9% (Chuncheon). Tree planting in potential planting spaces was estimated to sequester additionally about 18% of the existing annual carbon uptake. Enhancing carbon reduction effects requires active tree planting in the potential spaces, multi-layered/clustered planting composed of the upper trees, middle trees and lower shrubs, planting of tree species with greater carbon uptake capacity, and avoidance of the topiary tree maintenance. This study was focused on finding out greenspace structures and carbon offset levels in institutional lands on which little had been known.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2010

This study was carried out to suggest the basic data of planting method for construction of buffer green space based on the land use in case of reclaimed land by analyzing land structure, planting concept, and planting structure in buffer green space, Rokko Island, Kobe, Japan. Rokko Island(total area: 580ha) is divided into port and logistics industry area and urban area by constructing the box type large-scale buffer green space. The land structure of buffer green space were biased mounding type, parallel mounding type, and complex mounding type. The width of buffer green space was 50meters in case of northern area, from 28 to 32meters in case of eastern area, and 37.5meters in case of western area, and the slope of that was from 18 to 25 degrees and the height of that was from 2 to 15meters. There were applied landscape and buffer planting concept on the sea side area of northern buffer green space, on the other hand landscape and shade planting concept on the Inner city side area of that. According to the result of planting structure analysis of northern buffer green space, the main woody species were those of deciduous-evergreen species grow in warm-temperate forest zone such as Quercus glauca, Cinnamomum camphora, Machilus thunbergii, Elaeagnus maritima. The results of maximum number of species and planting density by $100mm^2$ was that 9 species 22 individuals in canopy layer, 9 species 15 individuals in understory layer, 3 species 67 individuals in shrub layer, and 14 species 104 individuals in total. The plant coverage of northern buffer green space based on the ecological planting method was from 69 to 139% in case of canopy layer, from 26 to 38% in case of understory layer, from 6 to 7% in case of shrub layer, and from 101 to 184% in total. Index of plant crown volume of northern buffer green space based on the ecological planting method was from 1.40 to $3.12m^3/m^2$ in case of canopy layer, from 0.43 to $0.55m^3/m^2$ in case of understory layer, $0.06m^3/m^2$ in case of shrub layer, and from 1.89 to $3.73m^3/m^2$ in total.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.105-112
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• 2000

For the purpose of building up the construction prospects of highway in consideration of natural environment. The tree planting and flower seeding in highway road side using native species were offered to natural landscape and resting area landscaping for peoples, and these area were 194place. The tree planting and flower seeding activity is to improve driving circumstances, and to conserve living and natural environment along the highways. And, preparation of ecotone and biotope at the highway surroundings for natural ecosystem conservation is an important activity, and planting of natural plants is generally carried out near wildlife ecoroads in order to give the way for animals. The primary purpose of this tree planting and seeding is not only to reduce environmental pollution, but also to enhance the ecological surroundings of highway circumference. Ultimately, It is essential that the constructive method of highway think over such as ecological environment and road design, surveying and management, construction, highway maintenance etc.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.38-44
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• 2013

Karl Foerster had the most significant influence on the establishment of the German garden culture. From the viewpoint of planting design, in particular, he greatly contributed to the selection of new materials and the distribution of gardens. Therefore it is worth re-exploring his garden in that he triggered the use of natural planting that is widely used these days and already used ornamental grasses in his garden designs. This study aimed to review Foerster's garden to understand his planting design methods and their historical significance. The results suggest: Firstly, in spatial structure he designed sunken gardens influenced by the climate and triggered the use of natural planting by applying naturally open meadow, ferns and grasses. Secondly, in terms of the use of materials, he pointed out the necessity to use perennial plants. He bred perennial plants that the general public could easily grow and that were resistant against cold and created show gardens to demonstrate the characteristics of the plants and possible combination methods to the public. Thirdly, in terms of the aesthetical principles of his planting design, he focuses on colors and seasons and was interested in blue, yellow and white colors. In doing so, he developed new varieties such as Delphinium, Rudbeckia and Phlox. He emphasized the necessity of seven seasons, which served as the ancestor of contemporary winter gardens.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.128-141
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• 2014

This study established a plan to establish the roadside green for enhancing the urban green network and enhancing of urban greenery in Songpa-gu. As for the present conditions of the streets, that of the parks, the green axes, sidewalk in Songpa-gu were analyzed. This study derived 19 parks by the roadside and 13 lines to connect green axes. The result of roadside greenery status were selected 56,546m lines by natural green space and constructed green space. The result of sidewalks width were selected 8,600m lines that sidewalks width more than 5m for enhancing urban green network in Songpa-gu. For enhancing the urban green network lines were selected: Olympic Expressway, Songpa-daero, Nambusunhwan-no and Wiryeseong-gil. To improve the street planting strips, two plans were suggested: to improve the green structures of the street planting strips mainly with shrubs and to effectively create street planting strips through the green spaces along the streets. A plan to promote the amount of planting street trees in Songpa-gu analyzed the streets. Complements the understory layer sections were the highest the entire length of 34,206 m of 63.6% in strengthening for network streets. Greenspace network streets were calculated for planting of volume by promotion plan. Planting volume increased 4,708 trees before expand planting plan, so the total tree was considered 9,518 trees.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.84-91
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• 2001

This study was carried out to develop the technology of artificial floating island for the wild-life habitat at the reservoir of Korea University farm near Seoul. After the execution of an artificial floating island with 6 cells(each $3{\times}3m$), each cell was planted with 5 different species and one mixed of them, to the reservoir in 1999 through 2000. The monitored results were as follows; 1. Typha orientalis, Zizania latifolia and Oenanthe japonica were died back, but Phragmites communis, Phragmites japonica and Juncus effusus var. decipiens were well growing. 2. The limits of sinking water depth of the planting foundation were different with the plant species, that is, 40cm to the Juncus effusus var. dicipiens and 50cm to Phragmites communis. Accordingly the water depth should be kept differently with each species. 3. 33 species of fauna were monitored in the first year(1999) and 43 species in the second (2000) increasingly. 4. For the more wild-lives inducing to the artificial floating island, establishing the eco-corridor from the surrounding environment was needed.