• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2012

The purpose of the study is to examine the importance and performance degrees between Selection Attributes of American beef by IPA(Importance-Performance Analysis) for university students in Seoul and Gyeonggi Area. A total of 590 questionnaires were distributed, and 481 questionnaires were used in the study (81.5% of response rate). According to the IPA results of 12 selection attributes for American beef, the selection attributes with relatively low satisfaction but high importance(II quadrant) were 'country of origin', 'safety', 'cleanliness and hygiene'. The factor to be improved relatively through to the results of IPA was consumer confidence factor ('country of origin', 'safety', 'cleanliness and hygiene') and it was confirmed that university students had a low satisfaction in large degrees compared to the significance of American beef. Therefore, recovery of consumer confidence of American beef is urgent as well as the need to increase satisfaction of consumers. From now on, based on these results, it is considered that many efforts are necessary to increase the trust of consumers by planting awareness that American beef is safe by setting institutional conditions to vitalize purchase of American beef. Moreover, it is considered that these efforts would be significant for the vitalization of restaurants with beef as their main menu, and vitalization of consumption of Korean beef as well as American beef henceforth.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-24
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• 2009

Teak (Tectona grandis) is one of the most valuable timber yielding species in the world, with predominant distribution in tropical or sub-tropical countries. However, natural teak available only in few countries like India, Myanmar, Laos People's Democratic Republic and Thailand. Teak grows well in deep, well-drained alluvial soils, fairly moist, warm, tropical climate with pH ranges from 6.5-7.5. Teak is cultivated in many Asian, African and South American countries for timber production. The global teak plantations are estimated to be three million hectare with major share in India (44%) followed by Indonesia (33%). India is considered as richest genetic resources of teak with large areas of natural teak bearing forests (8.9 million ha), plantations (1.5 million ha), clonal seed orchards (1000 ha) and seed production areas (5000 ha). The studies on diversity of teak populations showed that teak is an out crossing species with major portion of diversity present within the populations. The productivity and quality of teak timber varies depending upon the site and environmental conditions. Teak wood is moderately heavy, strong and tough,straight grained, coarse textured and ring porous with specific gravity varies from 0.55 to 0.70. The sapwood is white to pale yellow in colour and clearly demarcated while heartwood is dark brown or dark golden yellow in colour. Teak is one of the most durable timbers in the world, practically, impervious to fungus and white ant attack and resistant to decay. Teak wood is used in ship and boat constructions, furnitures and aesthetic needs. Genetic improvement programmes have been undertaken in countries like Thailand, India, Malaysia and Indonesia. The programme includes provenance identification and testing, plus tree selection and clonal multiplication, establishment of seed orchards and controlled hybridization. Several aspects like phenology, reproductive biology, fruit characteristics, silvicultural practices for cultivation, pest and diseases problems, production of improved planting stock, harvesting and marketing, wood properties and future tree improvement strategy to enhance productivity have been discussed in this paper.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.119-128
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• 2004

In 2004, the Incheon Urban Development Corporation held a design competition for the Song-Do apartment complex development. Several projects that won the prize in the recent design competitions were reviewed to look around the current design tendency, and current conditions of the site were surveyed. The authors tried to combine digital and environment-friendly factors, considering the site condition. Because the site is on reclaimed land and is located at the center of the information-technology industrial area, these two factors inform the main concept of this project. The site was divided into two different zones : the Ocean Zone and the Digital Zone. The 'community spaces'(community street, community plaza and so on) were designed for the various activities of the residents. The Patios, 'private' community spaces, included many facilities for play, appreciation, rest, exercise, refreshment and gathering. To avoid common landscape styles in the patios, simple and minimal forms were designed. The environmental sculptures were carefully planned, allocated and shaped with digital technology, based on the 'Present and Future of Song-Do'. The authors also tried to introduce environment-friendly factors, such as the green roof system, wall planting, and the water recycling system. This project is following the M.A. (Master Architect) process, and is still being modified to make the hi-tech and environment-friendly apartment complex.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.4
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• pp.558-566
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• 2012

This study was conducted to offer preliminary data for a natural restoration by the actual condition survey of quarries after extracting rock materials. The mountain restoration area according to a farming and fishing village organize project was restored by green landscape after quarry. However, planting tree species were died due to poor maintenance and administration after restoration works and surface soil loss and erosion occurred during a summer rainfall season because of poor slope greening. It will be needed to review restoration constructions to establish a natural friendly and flawless construction through the selection of optimum restoration works and the examination of soil and geological characteristics. In addition, it is necessary to apply cost-reducing program of restoration constructions. Quarry areas could be restored by the selection of simple and optimum construction works because the most areas were dominant in earth-sand rocks, soft-rocks, and weather-rocks. In addition, the restoration construction project should be examined thoroughly by restoration specialists during green restoration planning and review processes.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.753-761
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• 2014

Growth and flowering of Cymbidium 'Red Fire' and 'Yokihi' plants were examined in a greenhouse with cooling systems in summer, and with night interruption (NI) lighting in winter as a forcing culture system. The greenhouse was divided into two sections with separate cooling controls during the summer season. One section was cooled by a mist system (mist), while the other section was cooled by a shade screen (shade). During the winter, the greenhouse was redivided into three sections within each cooling system. Plants were grown with NI either at a low light intensity of $3-7{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$(LNI) or a high l ight intensity of $120{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$(HNI) u sing h igh-pressure sodium l amps during the 22:00-02:00 HR. The control plants were grown under 9 h short-day condition. NI for 16 weeks and cooling for 9 weeks were employed twice during the 2 years of the experimental period. The air temperature was approximately $2^{\circ}C$ lower in the mist than in the shade and the relative humidity was 80 ${\pm}5%$ in the mist compared to $55{\pm}5%$ in the shade. The daily light integral in the mist section was 48% higher than in the shade section. The time from initial planting to flowering pseudobulb emergence decreased with both LNI and HNI for both cultivars, regardless of the cooling treatments. Under NI conditions, however, between 60% and 1 00% of plants of both cultivars flowered in the mist, whereas no or 20% of 'Red Fire' or 'Yokihi' plants, respectively, flowered in the shade treatment over 2 years. Plants grown under the mist had bigger pseudobulbs than those grown in the shade under both NI treatments. These results show that commercial use of NI in winter and a mist cooling system in summer would decrease crop production time to 2 years and increase profits in Cymbidium forcing culture.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have always mattered in agriculture too. In day-to-day practices of agriculture and allied sectors, the farmers often share their information. Changing weather patterns, soil conditions, pests and diseases always throw challenges to small and marginal farmers. So, the farmer needs up-dated information to cope with and even benefit from these changes. In the developing countries like India, where agriculture still plays a crucial role (over 58% of the rural households depend on agriculture as their livelihood) and the rising population from 1027 million to 1419 million during 2001-16 (a total rise of 38 percent or 1.3 percent per year) pose a lot of pressure on land and other resources to meet the food security needs on one hand and to meet the challenges of globalization on the other. Understanding and addressing these challenges are very crucial, in which ICT can play a major role. With the booming mobile, wireless, and Internet industries, ICT has found a foothold even in poor marginal and smallholder farms and in their activities. The survey conducted among the 120 farmers in Srikakulam district in India revealed that, ICT has revolutionized the agriculture in the modern days. Production and marketing information is accessed by 91% of the sample farmers through mobile in 2015, where it was only 5% in 2005. The extent of use of mobile phones by the farmers varied with the decision to be taken by them like Harvesting, packing, and storing (94%), Selling Decision (91%), Seed purchase (89%), Application of fertilizers and pesticides (88%) and Land preparation and planting (84%), other package of practices (77%). The farmers further opined that, 'Voice' was the dominating source of communication (96%) compared to Short Message Service (SMS) (only 27%) and Internet access (10%), as majority are illiterate. The use of camera (71%), Bluetooth (33%), Radio (61%) TV (41%) are the other means of sharing the information. In this context of importance of ICTs in Indian agriculture, greater attention justifies about the applications of ICT's to alleviate poverty and promote economic growth of the farming population.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of wastewater reuse for the vegetable farming. The study region, about 250 ha in size, is located on the west coast of Jejudo, Korea. Major agricultural products of the study area are the cabbage, broccoli, garlic and onion. To confirm the feasibility of wastewater reuse, the drought duration and the water requirement analysis were conducted respectively. The average annual precipitation of the study region (1,121 mm) was smaller than that of Jeju island (1,975 mm). The drought duration for a ten-year return period in October through November was more than 20 days. The water requirement for irrigation was calculated by the FAQ Penman-Monteith method which took into account the cultivated crops, planting system, and meteorological conditions of the study region. The water requirement for a ten-year return period was estimated 4.7 mm/day and the water demand for irrigation was $4,584\;m^3/day$. As a result, the irrigation water for the crops was insufficient during their breeding season, especially in October through November. Thus, the result indicated that the study region required the alternative water supply such as wastewater reuse during the non-rainy season. As drought continues to place considerable stress on the availability of fresh water supplies in the study region, irrigation with reclaimed wastewater will play an important role in helping to meet future water demands.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.36-58
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• 1999

We designed the model picture of Tourism Botanical Garden, as a kind of theme park, in which we could enjoy flowers all the year round and the glorious tints of its autumn foliage. It would be very important to decide what kinds of trees should be planted and where to plant them. We selected the appropriate flowers and trees according to their value of appreciation and flowering time and the grand view around there and the weather conditions of the central region. We selected perennial plants as native plants, according to their color, flowering time and for the convenience of maintenance. And we selected some kinds of culture plants to show the seasonal change and diversity, according to their color and flowering time. We adopted the roof-tile pattern of Pakjae Kingdom to design the basic model of the garden, and the area was divided into eight sections. Six of them were divided again into four small planting areas from the outside respectively, according to the kinds of trees; pine-tree area, native flowering plant area, flowering tree area and flowering shrub area. The last two sections are by a lake, so they could make a beautiful landscape of waterfront. For the effective and economic operation of the garden, some kinds of flower trees and shrubs, which are little damaged by blight and are needless to prune, were selected. And perennial plants were also selected, because we don't have to change them into other plants, so we could cut down the expenses. As for the culture plants, they could be easily replaced with other culture plants in the flowering time, to show seasonal change and the harmony with the scenery around the garden.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.9 no.1_2
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• pp.25-30
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• 1966

The writer presented in the report 7th of this series(Chong, 1959. '62 a.b. '64, '65) the result of fertlizer application on Sasamorpha purpurascens var. borealis with regards to soil conditions, climate, planting position etc. and this report is on the effectiveness of fertilizers by kinds of the new (1-year old) and old(3-to 4 years old) Phyllostachys retticulata. The ineffectiveness of fertilizers for old bamboos aged more than 8-years old has been reported previously. The study site was chosen in a bamboo groven situated at Hyunnae Ri, Okkye Myun, Myungju Gun, Kangwon Do. Each plot was so designed that only one individual remained at the center of a circular area with a dimeter of meters by eliminating the clums and severing the rhizomes, of other individuals around it. And, for the fertilizer test, 10 individuals(the new and old: 5 to 5) were observed per kind of fertilizer used; thus marking the total number of 160 plots in all. The second part of this study was conducted for the potted individuals which numbered 48, successfully established ones out of 55 the transplanted to pots. The 48 were divided into 8 treatments: whole fertilization (NPK＋compost＋human manure); NPK; N; K; Human manure; compost; and the control. Amoung of fertilizers applied was 200 grams for the natural plots and 100 grams for pot; it continued for 3 years and applied twice a year (spring and summer) following the theory of Dr. Koichi-ro Ueda(1954, '60 a.b.). Measurements were taken in August each year. The resutls were confirming the fact that the bamboos require a great deal of fertilizers. The results show the following points: 1) Fertilizers were more effective in the 3 to 4 year old bamboos. 2) The order of effectiveness of fertilizers by kind was the whole fertilization, NPK, and N treatments for Phyllostachys reticulata. 3) Organic matter in addition to commercial fertilizers showed better result than the soil application of the latter due to better soil aeration.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.293-304
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• 1997

A field experiment was conducted at the forage experimental plots, Seoul National University, Suweon h m 1995 to 1996 to determine the effect of legume residues as a N source and N fertilizer on corn (Zea mays L.) silage yield, N uptake, and availability of inorganic N in the soil. Corn was grown following (i) red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), (ii) crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), (iii) alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and (iv) winter fallow. The plots were split into two rates of fertilizer N (0 and 90kg Nlha) in a split-plot experimental plan. Compared with fallow treatment, legumes depleted soil water in the surface 15cm at corn planting by 17 to 26%. As a result, corn emergence was markedly delayed with legume residues by 8 to 11 days. Corn silage DM yield was significantly reduced in the presence of legume residues by 2.0 to 3.4 and 1.5 to 2.5 tonlha compared with winter fallow treatment at 0 and 90kg fertilizer Nlha, respectively, but no significant difference in the corn DM yield was found between legume residue treatments. There was an overall tendency for increased corn yields with 90kg fertilizer Nlha compared to Okg fertilizer Nlha, although not all yield increases were significantly greater. The corn yield response to applied N suggests that a source of N from legume residues was not sufficient for a succeeding corn crop. There was significantly more N (P