• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to compare the ground reaction forces and plantar pressure variables among three different safety shoes (Type 1: ergonomically designed and high quality shoes, 2: curved and cushioned safety hoes, and 3: regular safety shoes) and to find the effect of insole during walking. Ten healthy subjects were recruited for this study. The ground reaction force was measured using a 3 dimensional motion analysis system. Plantar pressures were measured Pedar Mobile foot pressure scan system. The ground reaction force variables were not significantly different among three different shoe types and insole conditions. After insertion insole, plantar pressure distributions were improved. These results suggest that the type 1 safety shoes was superior than other safety shoes in the statistics, and applying insole could be a possible method to prevent fatigue of lower extremity and musculoskeletal disorders. Further studies are needed to find the effect of ergonomically designed safety shoes design and insole on practical value prevention of musculoskeletal disorder, fatigue and satisfaction of workers.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the elastic band and stretching exercise program on ankle joint maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and plantar pressure in high-heel wearing women in their 20s. METHODS: Twenty women in their twenties were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=10) and the control group (n=10). The experimental group (n=10) performed the elastic band exercise program, while the control group (n=10) performed the stretching exercise program. Both exercise programs were performed three times a week for a total of four weeks. The BTE Primus RS was used in order to measure the ankle joint MVIC during dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, and eversion. Maximum pressure ($N/cm^2$), average pressure ($N/cm^2$) were measured using the Pedoscan. SPSS v. 21.0 software was used for all statistical analyses in this study. RESULTS: The measurement of the ankle joint's MVIC revealed that in inversion, a significant change in both feet was seen in both the experimental and control groups. In eversion, there was a significant change in both feet only in the experimental group. In terms of the rest of the results, no significant changes were visible. With regard to the plantar pressure, no significant results were seen for either foot in the comparison between or within the groups. CONCLUSION: Exercise program using elastic band and exercise program using stretching were effective on MVIC of ankle joint muscles, although it had no effect on changes of plantar pressure.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.77-95
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• 2003

Many factors affect foot and ankle biomechanics during walking, including gait speed and anthropometric characteristics. However, speed has not been taken into account in foot kinematics and kinetics during walking. This study examined the effect of walking speed on foot joint motion and peak plantar pressure during the walking phase. Eighty healthy subjects (40 men, 40 women) were recruited. Maximal dorsiflexion and excursion were measured at the first metatarsophalangeal joints during walking phase at three different cadences (80, 100, and 120 step/min) using a three dimensional motion analysis system (CMS70P). At the same time, peak plantar pressure was investigated using pressure distribution platforms (MatScan system) under the hallux heads of the first, second, and third metatarsal bones and heel. Maximal dorsiflexion and excursion and excursion at the ankle joint decreased significantly with increasing walking speed. Peak plantar pressure increased significantly under the heads of the first of the first, second, and third metatarsal bones, and heel with increasing walking speed: three was no change under the hallux. There were no significant changes in maximal dorsiflexion or excursion at the first metatarsophalangeal joint. The results show that walking speed should be considered when comparing gait parameters. The results also suggest that slow walking speeds may decrease forefoot peak plantar pressure in patients with peripheral neuropathy who have a high risk of skin breakdown under the forefoot.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.734-742
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• 2016

본 연구는 기능적 발목 불안정성시 하지 근피로도에 따른 동적균형이 족저압에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구는 설문조사를 통해 기능적 발목 불안정성으로 진단된 14명의 발목불안정집단과 16명의 발목안정집단 총 30명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 하지의 근피로는 Biodex system III, 족저압은 Zebris FDM-S system으로 측정하였고, 한발로 점프 후 착지 검사로 동적균형을 실시하였다. 동적균형시 족저압 분포비율은 발목불안정집단의 전족부(p2, p3, p4)에서 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 동적균형시 근피로 유발 전후 족저압 분포 비율은 발목 불안정집단에서 발목 안정집단보다 전족부(p2, p3, p4)와 외측 중족부(p6)에서 유의하게 높았으나 종골부(p7)에서는 낮았다(p<0.05). 동적균형시 족저압 중심(CoP)의 전후이동거리(AP)와 좌우이동 폭(ML)은 발목 불안정집단이 발목 안정집단에 비해 근피로 유발 전보다 유발 후 유의하게 길었다(p<0.05). 기능적 발목불안정시 하지 근피로도에 따른 동적균형은 족저압 분포와 족저압 중심이동에 영향을 준 것으로 사료된다. 향후, 기능적 발목 불안정이 있는 다양한 연령대를 대상으로 족저압 차이를 객관화, 척도화 시키는 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2009

It bas been hypothesized that foot ulceration might be internally initiated. Current instruments which merely allow superficial estimate of plantar loading acting on the foot, severely limit the scope of many biomechanical/clinical studies on this issue. Recent studies have suggested that peak plantar pressure may be only 65% specific for the development of ulceration. These limitations are at least partially due to surface pressures not being representative of the complex mechanical stress developed inside the subcutaneous plantar soft-tissue, which are potentially more relevant for tissue breakdown. This study established a three-dimensional and nonlinear finite element model of a human foot complex with comprehensive skeletal and soft-tissue components capable of predicting both the external and internal stresses and deformations of the foot. The model was validated by experimental data of subject-specific plantar foot pressure measures. The stress analysis indicated the internal stresses doses were site-dependent and the observation found a change between 1.5 to 4.5 times the external stresses on the foot plantar surface. The results yielded insights into the internal loading conditions of the plantar soft-tissue, which is important in enhancing our knowledge on the causes of foot ulceration and related stress-induced tissue breakdown in diabetic foot.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of body balance according to insole height and to provide basic information about body balance by insole height. Method : We examed 40 university students who had healthy body without balance impairment. Plantar pressure was measured by EMED system and the measurement of MTD balance used the MTD-balance master in static stance posture. Both of equipments are various measurement method. We measured plantar pressure and MTD balance each three different height insole(0cm, 3cm, 7cm) and each trial was 30 second in duration. Result : The results were as follows : 1) It showed significantly differences between bare foot and height insole. The anterior plantar pressure with 3cm or 7cm insole were more higher than bare foot(P<.05). 2) There were no significantly differences between barefoot and height insole with MTD-balance master(P<.05). Conclusion : In conclusion, the measurement of MTD balance showed right and left balance ability didn't change by insole height, but plantar pressure was moved on anterior side of foot so we could know insole's height cause the effect to anterior and posterior balance ability.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.321-335
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of neck traction and foot type on plantar pressure distribution during walking. Method: Total of 24 data were collected from women working with a computer for more than 6 hours every day. Three groups by foot type were divided: Pes Planus, normal foot, and Pes Cavus. Depending on the foot type and cervical traction, plantar pressure variables were measured; CA, MF, PP, and CT. Each variable was divided into 12 masks. MANOVA was performed for the difference of plantar pressure variables by foot type, and a paired t-test was performed for the cervical traction within groups. Results: The total CA decreased in the Pes Planus (p<.001) and Pes Cavus (p<.05) groups. MF increased in the big toe (p<.01) and 2nd toe (p<.05) of the normal foot, and MF-3rd metatarsal decreased (p<.01). The MF-2nd toe (p<.01) and 3rd toe (p<.05) of Pes Cavus decreased. The PP decreased in 2nd toe (p<.05), 3rd toe (p<.01), and 4th toe (p<.05) of the Pes Cavus. In normal foot, the PP-3rd metatarsal (p<.05) and PP-4th metatarsal (p<.01) reduced. In Pes Planus, PP decreased in the hindfoot (p<.05). In Pes Cavus group wearing a neck-tractor, the CT-hindfoot increased (p<.05). Conclusion: There was a significant change in the plantar pressure change by foot type after neck traction. When walking with a neck-tractor, the heel impact was alleviated in the Pes Planus, and the Pes Cavus showed the smooth and effective propulsion in the push-off. Overall, weight acceptance was effectively performed when walking with neck-traction. It was also found that the neck-tractor corrects the alignment of the neck, thereby creating a more stable gait pattern.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2022

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of maitland mobilization and mobilization with movement (MWM) applied to the ankle joint on ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), static and dynamic balance, plantar pressure, and gait ability. Methods: A total of 24 individuals were assigned to either the maitland mobilization group (n=12) or the MWM group (n=12). Dorsiflexion ROM, static and dynamic balance, plantar pressure, 10-meter walk test were measured before and 4 weeks after the intervention. Results: Both groups showed a significant difference in the evaluation after 4 weeks as the dorsiflexion ROM of the ankle increased (p<.05), and the sway length and sway area indicating static balance decreased (p<.05). Furthermore, the movement area showing dynamic balance showed a significant increase (p<.05), the plantar pressure difference between both feet significantly decreased (p<.05). In the 10-meter walk test, there was a significant difference as the time decreased (p<.05). However, no significant difference between the two groups was observed (p>.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study where, maitland mobilization and MWM were applied to the ankle joint of hemiplegic patients for 4 weeks, we found no difference between the two groups. However, each technique was found to be effective for dorsiflexion ROM, static and dynamic balance, plantar pressure, and gait.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2007

In this study, we analyzed the plantar shear stress and normal pressure in lateral heel diabetic foot patients during walking by using in-shoe local shear stress and plantar pressure measurement systems. The shear force transducer based on the magnetic-resistive principle, was a rigid 3-layer circular disc. Shear transducers were mounted on the locations of four metatarsal heads and heel in the insole. Twelve normal subjects and three diabetic foot patients with diabetic neuropathy in the lateral heel participated in this study. The center of pressure in lateral heel diabetic foot patients moved more medially and directed toward the first, medial to the second metatarsal heads, and the hallux during late stance, making pressure at the medial heel and the second metatarsal head significantly larger than in the normal. Shear stress at the heel changed significantly in early stance and the magnitude of shear stresses in each metatarsal head also changed. Further studies would be very helpful to design foot orthoses in patients with diabetic neuropathy or other diseases.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.613-619
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• 2013

This study compares the gait characteristics of elderly women during barefoot walking and walking with sneakers. We measured foot angles, max foot pressure, peak plantar pressure of each plantar region, velocity of Center of Pressure(COP), and axis shifting of COP with an RS-scan system. Elderly women's foot angles were narrower when walking with sneakers than when barefoot walking. We found that the subtalar joint angle (representing ankle joint flexibility) affected walking stability. Regarding the peak plantar pressure of each foot region, pressures were high in the medial regions and the pressures greatly varied depending on the region measured during barefoot walking. The COP moved significantly faster when walking with sneakers than barefoot walking and suggests that elderly women walked faster in sneakers. Axis shifting of the COP decreased during walking with sneakers and indicated that gait balance improved when walking with sneakers. The findings of the present study can be utilized as foundational data for elderly women's gait characteristics as well as data for the production of functional footwear. Future research that focuses on various types of shoes, age groups, and gender are recommended for the development of more functional footwear for stable gaits.