• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 2014

The variation of glucosinolates (GSLs) in Chinese cabbage ('Sinhongssam') (Brassica rapa L. spp. pekinensis) cultivated under lights to control plant growth conditions was evaluated at different development stages. Under experimental conditions in plant factory system, plant growth conditions including light, temperature, and nutrients were designed to enhance GSLs. The variation of glucosinolates (GSLs) in Chinese cabbage ('Sinhongssam') (Brassica rapa L. spp. pekinensis) cultivated under lights to control plant growth conditions was evaluated at different development stages. Under experimental conditions in plant factory system, plant growth conditions including light, temperature, and nutrients were designed to enhance GSLs. The contents of GSLs were quantified in Chinese cabbage according to different light sources (Red+White, RW; Red+Blue+White, RBW, Fluorescence lamp, FL) at development stages (28, 42, and 56 days after sowing, DAS) using HPLC. Nine GSLs including five aliphatic (progoitrin, sinigrin, glucoalyssin, gluconapin, and glucobrassicanapin) three indolyl (glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and neoglucobrassicin), and one aromatic (gluconasturtiin) GSLs were identified based on peak retention time in previous results of our laboratory. GSL contents were higher in RBW (36.55) and lower in FL ($15.24{\mu}mol/g/\;DW$). Results revealed that GSL contents were higher under controlled photoperiods (20/4 h) ($58.35{\mu}mol/g\;DW$) and controlled light intensity ($160{\mu}mol/m^2/s$) ($34.02{\mu}mol/g\;DW$), respectively. Lower amount of progoitrin and comparatively higher amount of glucobrassicin and gluconasturtiin was noted in Chinese cabbage cultivated under FL light (2.38, 9.82, and 2.10) at 42 DAS, photoperiod 20/4 h (3.16, 2.52, and 1.30) at 28 DAS, and light intensity at $130{\mu}mol/m^2/s$ (2.28, 2.24, and $1.51{\mu}mol/g\;DW$) at 42 DAS. Therefore FL light, photoperiod (20/4 h), and light intensity ($130{\mu}mol/m^2/s$) were considered as most suitable for the enhancement of GSLs in Chinese cabbage.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2009

In order to study a relationship between soil nutrients and rice brown spot occurrence, paddy field soils, rice grains and straws collected from different paddy fields with different disease degrees of brown spots were analyzed for inorganic nutrients. Brown spot was prevalent in the rice grown in nutrient-deficient soils, which is especially low in macronutrient elements (phosphoric acid, potassium, silicic acids) and micronurients (calcium, magnesium). The soil, however, was high in sodium while organic nutrients and pH level were similar to others. The rice straws with severe brown spot were low in inorganics such as ferrous, copper, T-N, and $P_{2}O_{5}$ while the rice grains with brown spot were low in ferrous, MgO, Zn, and Mn. In the analysis of field type and nitrogen level, the highest disease severity was found in sandy-type field soil, followed by salty-type field soil and disease severity decreased as application level of nitrogen fertilizer increased. As a summary, the most important factor for effective brown spot control in rice is maintenance of proper nutrients in sandy-type field and control of sodium level in salty-type field soil.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2005

The structural differences between healthy and diseasedpanicle necks caused by Pyricularia oryzae were observed using electron-microscope. In the diseased panicle neck, the infection hyphae of the rice blast pathogen grew through the sclerenchymatous fiber tissue and reached to the central internal lacuna. Since the pathogen grew through the sclerenchymatous fiber tissues, the vascular bundle composed with xylem and phloem had been destroyed and finally the nutrients from the leaf and stem were not able to be transported into the grains. Infection of panicle base by the blast pathogen until 20 days after heading caused more than 50% of yield loss in both Jinmibyeo and Chucheongbyeo. There was a positive correlation between incidence of the panicle blast and rice yield losses. The regression equations between incidence of the panicle blast and yield losses were y= -3.61+496.7 ($R^2$=0.70) in Jinmibyeoand y=-3.93+520.2 ($R^2$=0.82) in Juanbyeo. The panicleblast caused deterioration of grain quality. Healthy grain rate was reduced by increase of panicle blast infection.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2017

Analysis of mineral nutrients in plant is required for evaluating diagnosis of plant nutritional status. Pretreatment procedure for the analysis of plant can be varied depending on elements to be analyzed. Wet-digestion is suitable for total nitrogen, phosphate and cations, however, digestion solution including nitric acid is not suitable for nitrogen analysis. Incineration procedure is required to analyze chloride, silicate and total sulfur. After digestion, total nitrogen is analyzed by Kjeldahl method, and phosphate is detected at 470nm by colorimetric analysis with ammonium meta vanadate. Cations and micro elements are determined by titration or colorimetry, also, these elements can be measured by Atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) or Inductively coupled plasma spectrometer (ICP).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.439-448
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• 2011

Oxalic acid is synthesized by a wide range of plants. A few of them are forage plants that can cause oxalate poisoning in ruminants under certain conditions. In this paper, the role of some agronomic, climatic and genetic factors in minimizing oxalate accumulation in forage plants has been discussed. Research indicates that the content of oxalate in forage can be controlled by fertilizer application. For example, nitrate application resulted in higher contents of soluble and insoluble oxalates than ammonium application. With an increased rate of potassium application, soluble oxalate content showed an increasing trend and insoluble oxalate content showed a decreasing trend. With an increased rate of calcium application, soluble oxalate content showed a decreasing trend and insoluble oxalate content showed a reverse trend. Other agronomic factors such as growing season, harvesting practices, plant maturity, plant species, plant variety and plant parts can also have a large effect on oxalate accumulation. However, the potential benefits of the above approaches for improving forage quality have not been fully exploited. In addition, there is still insufficient information to fully utilize means (e.g. plant nutrients, season and soil moisture) to minimize oxalate accumulation in forage plants. Therefore, more research is required for a better understanding of the interactions between oxalate and the above-mentioned factors in forage plants.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2008

The factors influencing somatic embryo maturation, high frequency somatic embryo germination, and plantlet formation were studied in Terminalia chebula Retz. Maturation of somatic embryo were influenced by a number of factors such as in vitro culture passage, concentrations of sucrose, levels of abscisic acid (ABA), basal media and media additive combinations. Maximum frequency of somatic embryo maturation ($57.22{\pm}2.02$), was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 50 g/l sucrose. Different factors such as strengths of MS nutrients, plant growth regulators, media additives and their combinations controlling somatic embryo germination and plantlet formation were studied. High frequency of germination and plantlet formation ($58.80{\pm}1.47$) were achieved by subsequent subculture of mature somatic embryos on MS medium containing 30 g/l sucrose and 0.5 mg/l benzyl-adenine (BA). However, although duration of in vitro passage of the callus tissue was critical, contribution of the combinations of plant growth regulators and media additives showed nugatory effect on somatic embryo maturation and germination as evident from variable responses.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.987-993
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• 2020

This study investigated the effective harvest of 'Kyoho' grapevines by examining their characteristics including bud development, necrosis types and flower primordium formation. The size of the axillary bud did not show any difference in the 5th node or more, but it was smaller because it was closer to the base in the 4th node or less. In the 1st node, the rates of main bud necrosis (MBN), accessory bud necrosis (ABN), and whole bud necrosis (WBN) were high, and the rate of flower primordium formation was low, but there was no significant difference in the other nodes. Therefore, it was expected that using other nodes than the 1st node would be advantageous to secure production. Because the growth progresses after sprouting, the main bud necrosis rate increases, showing a very low flower primordium formation rate in March of the following year. Therefore, a method is needed to increase the storage nutrients in the winter and the rate of flower primordium formation after March. This study found that the thickness of the shoots should be less than 8.5 mm between the 3rd and 4th nodes, and the length should be less than 60 cm for nodes up to the 10th node.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.387-397
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• 2003

During the first half of twentieth century, even though the importance of non-calorie essential micronutrients of 13 vitamins and 17 minerals has been known to alleviate nutritional disorder; the primary objective of agriculture and plant breeding programs has been to increase the productivity and seed yields, and macronutrients of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates made up the bulk of foodstuff which were used primarily as an energy source. In the last decade it has been found that non-essential micronutrients encompass a vast group of phytochemicals including antioxidants that are not strictly required in the diet but when present at sufficient levels work as health-promoting chemicals. Nowadays agricultural crops are grown for health rather than for food or fiber, and modifying the nutritional compositions of plant foods has become an urgent health issue. To ensure an adequate intake of essential vitamins and minerals, and to increase the consumption of health-promoting phytochemicals, the researches on plant secondary metabolism have been made. The attempt to improve nutritional quality of crops has been blocked by a lack of basic knowledge of plant metabolism. The advent of genomics era enabled new approaches to make crossing regardless of species, family, or phylum barriers, and the accumulation in our basic knowledge on plant secondary metabolism during the coming decade would be tremendous. As the major staple crops contain insufficient amount of many micronutrients, fortification strategy will be a necessary practice. Elevated intake of specific vitamins, C, E, and $\beta$-carotene, mineral selenium, antioxidants, and phytochemicals significantly reduces the risk of chronic disease such as cancer, cardiovascular disorder, diabetis, and other degenerative disease associated with aging. As the attempt to improve the nutritional quality of crops requires the basic knowledges on plant metabolism, plant biochemistry, human physiology, and food chemistry, strong interdisplinary collaboration among plant biotechnologists, human nutritionists, and food scientists will be needed. Inhibition of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other degenerative disorder may be the biggest goal facing nutritional plant breeders. But the assumption that simply increasing dietary level of any compound will necessarily improve human health is a dangerous idea because many plant secondary products and dietary contaminants have paradoxical (hermetic) effects. Before biotechnical manipulation is undertaken to elevate or reduce any individual constituent of crops, the contribution of the micronutrient to human health must first be investigated.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.358-364
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• 2001

To obtain information for the proper fertilization management of cut-flower roses, the amount of macro and micro elements absorbed by cut-flower roses from soil for a year was investigated. Three cut-flower rose cultivars which are called 'Grandgara', 'Nobless', and 'Centina' were transplanted to a sandy loam soil, N-P-K standard fertilization was applied to the soil, and drip irrigation was done at the level of 10 kPa soil moisture tension. There was not significantly different in the harvest amount of cut-flower rose between 'Grandgara' and 'Nobless', but the harvest yield of 'Centina' was about 63% level when compared to that of 'Grandgara'. Considering seasonal changes in the content of nutrients in plant, parts, the uptake of untrients was higher in winter season than that in spring and summer seasons. Except for 'Centina', the nutrient amount removed from plant parts of 'Grandgara' and 'Nobless' increased with the sequence of floral part < stem < leaf, indicating that it is more dependent on biomass yield than on the content of nutrients in each plant part. The ratio of N/K amount absorbed by 'Nobless' and 'Centina' was 1.13 and 1.28. respectively, lower than 1.68 of 'Grandgara', showing that the requirement for K is greater in 'Nobless' and 'Centina' than in 'Grandgara'. The use efficiency of nutrients by cut-flower roses ranged from 39 to 64% in nitrogen, 5 to 9% in phosphorus, and 37 to 67% in potassium. It suggests that the requirement for P in cut-flower roses is very low.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.803-809
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• 2016

In order to elucidate the ecological responses of B. latissimum under global warming situation and prepare the conservation measures, we cultivated the plant within control(ambient $CO_2+$ambient temperature) and treatment(elevated $CO_2+$elevated temperature) from 2010 to 2011. Rising $CO_2$ concentration was treated with 2 times and temperature increased with $2.0^{\circ}C$ above than control. As a result, Growth response has received more the effect of $CO_2+$Temperature rising than light, moisture, nutrients, and it was grow well in $CO_2+$temperature rise sphere when many nutrients, and it was grow well in $CO_2+$temperature rise sphere when many nutrients. No. of leaves were many number in the treated group compared to the control at a low light gradient and high nutrient gradient, leaf width was narrow in the treatment compared to the control in the middle gradient of light and nutrients. Shoot length, petiole length, lamina length was no difference between control and $CO_2+$temperature rise sphere. Based on the results of this study, in order to preserve the B. latissimum in future climate, we should be supply of nutrients(containing ${NH_4}^+$, $NO_3$, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, etc.) in the habitat of the B. latissimum, and must ensure that the habitat of B. latissimum is not destroyed. Also, We should be find similar area with habitat of the B. latissimum, restoring, expanding.