• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.634-641
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• 2014

In order to elucidate the ecological and phenological responses of bean under global warming situation, we investigated leafing and flowering phenomena and growth traits of Baktae and Seomoktae in control plot (ambient $CO_2$ concentration and temperature) and warmed plot (elevated $CO_2$ concentration and increased temperature than control) in green house. Average $CO_2$ concentration and temperature were set 540 ppm in treatment and higher $2.2^{\circ}C$ in treatment than control. The appearance of leaf unfolding and the initiation of blooming and fruit maturing in Seomoktae were late in treatment than control. In case of Baktae, the number of total pods and seeds per plant in treatment was fewer than that in control. For Seomoktae, the number of total pods per plant and weight of total seeds per plant were decreased in treatment than in control. Thus, the number of pods and seeds of Baktae declined and the production of Seomoktae was decreased under global warming condition. This result indicates that site selection and crop yield for cultivating of the bean may be changed into new area due to global warming condition.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2021

This research was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity and select useful accession with agronomic characteristics of garlic (Allium sativum L.). germplasms at Garlic Research Institute in Chungbuk Agricultural Research and Extension Service. Morphological diversity and relationships among 160 germplasms collected from 26 countries were assessed by methods of clustering and principal component analysis. Among 11 types of leaves and bulbs characteristics, emergence days of leaf showed the highest variation with coefficient of variation of 84.8%, and the bulb weight and the number of scales showed higher variability with 24.3%. Correlation analysis based on 11 quantitative traits showed that bulb weight and bulb length have very high positive correlation with bulb quantity. Plant height, leaf length, and number of leaves showed positive correlation with bulb weight as collections with better performance in growth produced large bulb with higher quality. The cluster analysis based on 5 principal components generated 6 clusters with an average distance of 1.6 among clusters. Domestic genetic resources were the largest with 36 species (22.5%) in group II.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.473-478
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• 2003

This study was conducted to clarify the effects of duck free-ranging time on the growth and behavior patterns of duck, pH and dissolved oxygen of irrigation water, and growth and yield of the rice plants in paddy fields. Two paddy fields with each 5 aye were used for 12 hours duck free-ranging plot (12HFR) and 24 hours duck free-ranging plot(24HFR). Body weight gain of the duck was not different between 12HFR and 24HFR. Eating and feather grooming behavior in the 12HFR were significantly longer than those of 24HFR, but other behavior patterns were not so. Working behavior and activities of duck in paddy fields tended to be longer in the 12HFR than in 24HFR. However, any difference was not found on staying time of duck in paddy fields. Although it was not statistically significant, pH and dissolved oxygen of irrigation water tended to be higher in the 12HFR than in 24HFR. The plant height of rice in the 12HFR was significantly shorter than that of 24HFR during the latter half period. The number of tillers per hill was significantly increased in the 24HFR than in 12HFR. The shoot dry weight of rice in the 12HFR was significantly less than in the 24HFR during the heading stage of rice plant, but the root dry weight was not different. The number of spikelets per panicle was significantly less in the 12HFR than in 24HFR, however the percentage of ripened grains was significantly higher in the 12HFR. The yield of rice was not significantly different between the treatments. In conclusion, the free-ranging time of duck for 12 hours in paddy fields promoted eating and working behavior of the ducks. Free-ranging time did give effects on rice traits such as the number of tillers per hill, plant height, shoot dry weight of the rice plant, and spikelet number and percentage of ripened grain. However, the duck growth, pH and dissolved oxygen of irrigation water, and paddy rice yield were not affected by duck free-ranging time. These results might suggest that almost same effect as in 24 hours of free-ranging can be obtained with only 12 hours of free-ranging in daytime.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.9
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• pp.119-124
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• 1968

In order to learn the effect of timing and rate of potash fertilization in the rice plant nursery on the root growth and the vegetative growth of later stage a pot experiment was carried out employing 'Jaekun' a rice variety. Potassium Chloride was applied at the rate of $0{\sim}100g\;K_{2}O/3.3m^2$ right before, and 30 days after seeding. Forty-day old seedlings were transplanted three times successively at the one week intervals with the roots cut each time. Each subject was observed in rooting and other useful traits. A part of seedlings after the third root scission were cultured intact thereafter and the yield characters examined. The results were shown as: 1. The rate of sound seedlings was high in the case that a small amount of potassium was applied as the basic placement while the application of the fertilizer over $75g/3.3m^2$ (as $K_{2}O$) yielded a far less crops. 2. The plant height, number of tillers, number of leaves, and grass weight increased as the amount of potassium was elevated. However, the application of $50g\;K_{2}O/3.3m^2$ in the basic placement and that of $75g\;K_{2}O/3.3m^2$ were the peaks over which the above mentioned characters were weakened. 3. As the amount of potassium was increased the increment in number of rooting was notable, especially when the scission of roots was repeated within the limit of $50{\sim}75g\;K_{2}O/3.3m^2$. 4. In the maximum root newly shooted length indicated was about the same tendency although no statistical significance was observed. 5. The plant height, number of tillers, and variation of weight between grass and root indicated a similar tendency as the number of root shoot. 6. The differences in number of ears, grain yield, and weight of straw between the treatments were not so great but showed somewhat similar trend as in the growth of transplanted plants. In the treatment-100g $K_{2}O/3.3m^2$ the yield (ears, grain and straw) decreased as in the non-fertilized.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.388-404
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• 2024

The focus of conserving plant diversity at the national level includes endemic species restricted to specific regions. This study thus aimed to investigate and evaluate the current distribution status of the Pulsatilla tongkangensis Y.N. Lee & T.C. Lee, one of Korea's endemic plants. The study also examined the vegetation environment of its habitat and assessed the structure of each population. Furthermore, the performance variable of each population was comparatively evaluated, and its annual growth characteristics were also observed. The distribution area of the P. tongkangensis is largely divided into limestone cliffs, ridge rocks, mountain peaks in limestone regions, and sandy soil areas resulting from weathering. Plants in the same distribution area were categorized based on their geographical location, which reflected their respective habitats. According to the population structure evaluated using the number of measured leaves numbers, the plants were categorized into stable and relatively unstable populations. A relatively young population was observed at the top of mountains and rocky ridges of limestone areas and sandy soil areas resulting from weathering. The number of mature individuals was the highest in the population observed around limestone cliffs. In contrast, the population near the top of the limestone mountain range had more leaves , but the plants were of short stature and had the fewest inflorescences. The individuals distributed in limestone cliffs grew, produced, and dispersed seeds for an extended period following establishment. The growth of individuals was limited due to environmental factors in the habitat of distribution areas, including ridges, mountain tops in limestone regions, and sandy soil areas resulting from weathering. It was assessed to have a comparatively brief life cycle compared to that of the plants found on limestone cliffs. P. tongkangensis began flowering in early spring, and both fruit maturation and seed dispersal were completed before the onset of summer. The habitats were determined to receive around seven hours of sunlight per day during the summer, which was considered suitable for establishing a life cycle for the P. tongkangensis, a species requiring strong sunlight for growth to establish and success in a dry environment. Considering the status data gathered from this study, the P. tongkangensis was classified as an endangered species (EN). In addition, the collected data are expected to provide important information for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Therefore, we proposed that the P. tongkangensis holds significant value as a core distribution site, given the observation of species with diverse characteristics on limestone cliffs in Pyeongchang-gun and Jeongseon-gun, Gangwon-do.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.270-277
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• 2018

Objective: The present experiment has tested the effect of dietary alfalfa flavonoids (AAF) supplementation on the productive performances, carcass characteristics, meat quality and lipid oxidation of growing rabbits. Methods: One hundred and sixty crossbred rabbits (42 days old) were divided into four groups of forty animals each and were fed either a control diet (AAF0) or an AAF0 diet supplemented with 400, 800, or 1,200 mg of AAF/kg per diet (AAF4, AAF8, and AAF12, respectively) from weaning to slaughtering (102 days old). Performance data were recorded over a period of 60 days. At the end of the trial, 12 rabbits were slaughtered per group, and the carcass characteristics were recorded. Moreover, the plasma, liver and dorsal muscles were sampled from 12 rabbits/group, and were analyzed for lipid oxidation. Results: No significant differences were recorded for the performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits except for lightness parameter that was lower in the control group. Dietary AAF supplementation significantly (p<0.01) affected the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of the frozen meat in a dose-related manner, with the lowest value (0.24 mg MDA/kg fresh meat) recorded in the AAF12 group samples. Conclusion: These findings indicated that the dietary inclusion of AAF in rabbit diets improved muscle oxidation stability with no adverse effects on the growth performance of the animals even if a slight impact on meat lightness color parameter was recorded.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.769-779
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• 2019

Chilli peppers are predominantly cultivated in open field systems under abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Abiotic and biotic factors have a considerable effect on plant performance, fruit quantity, and quality. Chilli peppers grow well in a tropical climate due to their adaptation to warm and humid regions with temperatures ranging from 18 to 30℃. Nowadays, chilli peppers are cultivated all around the world under different climatic conditions, and their production is gradually expanding. Expected climate changes will likely cause huge and complex ecological consequences; high temperature, heavy rainfall, and drought have adverse effects on the vegetative and generative development of all agricultural crops including chilli peppers. To gain better insight into the effect of climate change, the growth, photosynthetic traits, morphological and physiological characteristics, yield, and fruit parameters of chilli peppers need to be studied under simulated climate change conditions. Moreover, it is important to develop alternative agrotechnologies to maintain the sustainability of pepper production. There are many conceivable ideas and concepts to sustain crop production under the extreme conditions of future climate change scenarios. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the adverse impacts of climate change and discusses how to find the best solutions to obtain a stable chilli pepper yield.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 2003

Phosphorus (P) is a macronutrient playing important roles in many plant processes. Significant interest has been devoted to search and utilize genotypic variations in P use efficiency in rice but with little effort to understand its physiological and biochemical bases. In this study, we examined responses to P deprivation of some primary and secondary traits in 3-week-old seedlings of the three genotypes, Sobi-byeo (japonica), Dasan-byeo (japonica $\times$ indica) and Palawan (indica). In general, percent weight due to root was increased up to 26%, but amounts of root protein and proteins secreted from roots were decreased by 11 to 19% and 31 to 51 %, respectively, by 3 to 21 days of P deprivation in the three genotypes. Interestingly, however, responses of Palawan to short-term P deprivation were contrasting to those of Dasan-byeo and Sobi-byeo in seedling weight and contents of shoot protein, chlorophyll and anthocyanin. Seedling weight was not decreased, but shoot protein content was decreased in P-deprived seedlings of Palawan. Contents of chlorophyll in leaves and anthocynin in roots were increased in Dasan-byeo and Sobi-byeo, but decreased in Palawan. The results suggest that responses of protein and pigment synthesis to P deficiency are different in modem and traditional varieties and the difference may at least in part be due to the selection for high yield under highly fertilized conditions.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth characters and yield components of 18 collected sesame cultivars to get basic information on the variation for the sesame breeding using principal component analysis. All characters except days to flowering, days to maturity and 1,000 seed weight showed significantly different. Seed weight per 10 are showed higher coefficient of variance. Capsule bearing stem length and liter weight showed positive correlation with seed yield per 10 are. The principal components analysis grouped the estimated sesame cultivars into four main components which accounted for 83.7% of the total variation at the eigenvalue and its contribution to total variation obtained from principal component analysis. The first principal component ($Z_1$) was applicable to increase plant height, capsule bearing stem length and 1,000-seed weight. The second principal component ($Z_2$) negatively correlated with days to flowering and maturity by which it was applicable to shorten flowering and maturity date of sesame. At the scatter diagram, Yangbaek, Ansan, M1, M2, M4, M7 and M9 were classified as same group, but M10, Yanghuk, Kanghuk, M5, M6, M12 and M13 were classified as different group. This results would be helpful for sesame breeder to understand genetic relationship of some agronomic characters and select promising cross lines for the development of new sesame variety.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.209-214
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• 2003

In order to clarify the successional trend and its characteristics of plant community in abandoned field in Cheju Island, we investigated the seral changes of vegetation height, coverage, growth form, species richness, diversity and dominance index along with the time lapse, and then compared with those of mainland researches. And in order to seek the overall trend of vegetation changes, we used cluster, TWINSPAN and PCA ordination techniques. The succession was characterized by the lower species number, lower vegetation height, longer period of herb dominant and later invasion of tree species. These results may come from that ecological traits of Cheju Island itself, and ecosystem fragmented influences that block a seed (propagule) transport. Sere of the dominant species was shown as follows: Mazus japonicus(0.5∼1 years)→Conyza sumatrensis (2 years)→Artemisia princeps var. orientalis(4 years)→Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, indigofera pseudotinctoria(5 years)→Rosa multiflora, Miscanthus sinensis, etc.(8 years)→Miscanthus sinensis(12 years)→Boehmeria nivea, Pueraria thunbergiana etc.(15 years)→Mallotus japonicus(20 years)→Litsea japonica, Machilus thunbergii (20 years<). Abandoned fields were classified into three groups according to time lapse; earlier stage(0∼1 years), middle stage(2∼8 years) and later stage(8∼20 years).