• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.284-289
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• 1999

In order to find active ingradients having an agonistic activity to benzodiazepine receptor from Gastrodia elata Blume (Orchidaceae) which has been used as an anticonvulsant in oriental medicine, one component and some fractions were separated from the butanol extract of the rhizomes of this plant and evaluated for their activities on GABA/benzodiazepine receptor in vitro. As a result, one crude mixture (F4f) obtained from the most active fraction (F4) inhibited significantly the binding of $[^3H]Ro15-1788$, a selective benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, to benzodiazepine receptor of rat cortices. GABA significantly enhanced the inhibition of $[^3H]flunitrazepam$ binding by F4f, and this positive GABA shift supported the strong possibility of the agonistic activity of F4f to benzodiazepine receptor.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.323-327
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• 1983

The intercellular material was extracted from rice leaf tissue. The quantitative tests of protein and soluble carbohydrate, and activity of peroxidase, showed differences between tissue extract and intercellular material. Also electrophoretic patterns of peroxidase and esterase isozymes were not similar between them. It indicated that the intercellular material which was extracted, was not the mixture of cellular materials.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.386-392
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• 2014

Haw (Crataegus pinnatifida $B_{UNGE}$) is a medicinal plant commonly used in Korea due to its beneficial health effects. This study was performed to investigate the antioxidative activity of bioactive components from haw seed. Freeze-dried seed was processed with various solvents such as 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, a mixture of chloroform and methanol (2:1, v / v), n-butanol and ethyl acetate (EA). DPPH, reducing power, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and ABTS radical scavenging activity decreased in this order: 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, EA, CM, n-butanol extracts. NO radical scavenging activity was high in the n-butanol extract (36.73% in 0.8 mg/ml concentration) and low in the 70% ethanol extract (24.96% in 0.8 mg/ml concentration). $OH^-$ radical scavenging activity of n-butanol extract (40.42% in 0.8 mg/ml concentration) was higher than the other extracts, but EA extract was the lowest (13.39%) at the same concentration. The results show that each extract contained various antioxidative substances and it seemed that different influence at each antioxidative activity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.197-204
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• 2010

To establish the anti-inflammatory activity of the total flavonoid fraction of the root barks of Broussonetia papyrifera (EBP) and a new formula, the ethanol extract of the root barks of B. papyrifera was fractionated with ethylacetate, yielding the hydrophobic prenylated flavonoid-enriched fraction. EBP and the ethanol extract of the whole Lonicera japonica (ELJ) plant were then mixed at a ratio of 1:1 (w/w) to give a new preparation (BL) in the hope of obtaining an optimal formula with a higher anti-inflammatory activity. Evaluation of the effects of these preparations on A23187-treated rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-1) cells revealed that EBP potently inhibited 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), while ELJ showed weak inhibition. Additionally, the mixture (BL) clearly showed stronger inhibitory effects against 5-LOX than either preparation alone. These preparations also inhibited cyclooxygenase-2-catalyzed $PGE_2$ and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase-catalyzed NO production by lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 cells. When tested against arachidonic acid-induced mouse ear edema, EBP showed strong inhibitory activity at doses of 5-200 mg/kg when administered orally, but BL had obviously stronger inhibitory effects. When tested against ${\lambda}$-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice, BL showed a potent and synergistic anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, in the acetic acid-induced writhing test, BL was found to have strong analgesic activity at 50-400 mg/kg. Taken together, these results indicate that each of these preparations exert anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo. In particular, BL showed stronger anti-inflammatory activity than EBP, and these anti-inflammatory effects were partially related to the inhibition of eicosanoid and NO production. BL may be useful for the treatment of human inflammatory disorders.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2009

Pleurotus ferulae is an edible mushroom found on a medicinal plant, Ferula assa-foetida, in centeral China. This study was carried out to investigate the cultural characteristics of P. ferulae strains. Characteristics of mycelial growth were investigated for 5 strains of P. ferulae. All the 5 strains showed the best mycelial growth at $25^{\circ}C$ and their growth rate was very low at $35^{\circ}C$. The colony diameter reached to 45~72 mm after 7 days at $25^{\circ}C$. Malt extract agar medium was the best for mycelial growth of the species both in hyphal length and density. Mycelial growth was not affected by various pH from 6.0 to 8.0. An optimal carbon source was arabinose and an optimal nitrogen one was arginine. And an effective substrate for the mycelial growth was 8 to 2 mixture of oak sawdust and cottonseed meal.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2018

Background: The flowering plant Hippophae rhamnoides L. has been used for many studies on fruit or leaf extracts. This study was conducted to investigate the development of a new cosmetic material from H. rhamnoides fruits and leaves that have by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and wrinkle improvement activities. Methods and Results: The antioxidant abilities of H. rhamnoides extracts, including of a water-soluble fruit powder (FW), a fatsoluble fruit powder (FF), a supercritical extract of fruit by-product (BS), and a mixture of leaf and fruit (MIX), were investigated in vitro. A DPPH radical assay for antioxidant activity was performed for these fractions alongside assay to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid content (TPC and TFC). As expected, the MIX had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity ($RC_{50}=10.27{\mu}g/m{\ell}$), and the TPC and TFC also were highest in MIX ($225.7mg{\cdot}GAE/g$, and $25.18mg{\cdot}QE/g$, respectively). Nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells was estimated and the results indicated an over 75% decrease of NO production in FF and MIX. In other assays, the highest elastase inhibitory activity was found in FW. Conclusions: These results revealed that H. rhamnoides extracts have a high potential for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiwrinkle activities. H. rhamnoides products are suggested to be applied as the functional materials of cosmetic ingredients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 2001.12a
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• pp.126-126
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• 2001

The Rhus verniciflua contains alkly(en)-catechol type allergens with a saiurated or unsaturated alkly chain of 15 or 17 carbon atoms. It has been recognized as an extremely active allergen causing skin reactions similar In poison ivy. The allergic contact dermatitis induced by the urushiol is known to be mediated be T lymphocytes whicht specifically recognize the hepten urushiol. Therefore. direct use of this plant as a medicinal purpose might imply a considerable hazard in Korea. In this study, using the established method for the detoxification from the stem bark of Rhus verniciflua, an strong antioxidant substance was isolated and characterized DPPH (diphenypricryl hydrazyl) assay measures hydrogen atom-donating activity and hence provides a measure of free radical scavenging antioxidant activity. DPPH, a purple-colored stable free radical, is reduced to yellow-colored diphenylpicryl hydrazine by antioxidants to deducing agents. Antioxidative effects of the water extract from RV were measured by DPPH assay. Twenty microliters of the extract was added to 1ml of 100mM DPPH solution in ethanol The mixture was shaken and left to stand for 10min at room temperature. The crude water extracts was purified by using HPLC method with a DEAE (anionic type), CN, ODS column. The purified compound remained stable at pH 3.0-6,0, but unstable above pH 6.5. It was stable heat at 10$0^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours, but still had about 80% of residual activity after treatment at 10$0^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours. The elemental composition of the HR-EI mass spectrum at m/z 170.02 was estimated the empirical formula as $C_{7}$ $H_{6}$ $O_{5}$. $C_{10}$ $H_4$ $O_2$N$_1$, $C_{5}$ $H_4$ $O_4$N$_3$, $C_{8}$$H_2O$$_1$N$_4$. In antimicrobial test, no inhibition was observed against Gram-positive and negative bacteria. This compound was stronger than that of commercial antioxidant by DPPH test, such as BHT, BHC at the same concentration (20$\mu$g/ml).ml).

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.84-87
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• 2014

A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the quantitation of ellagic acid in Nymphaea tetragona was developed for the quality control of functional cosmetic ingredient, the extract of N. tetragona. Separation and quantitation were successfully achieved with a Kromasil C18 column ($5{\mu}m$, $250mm{\times}4.6mm$, i.d.) by isocratic elution of a mixture of acetonitrile containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid and water containing 0.03% phosphoric acid at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The UV detector was used for the detection and the wavelength for quantitation was set at 254 nm. The presence of ellagic acid in the extract was determined by comparison of retention time and spiking with authentic standard. Analytical results showed good linearity ($R^2=0.99996$) in relatively wide concentration ranges. The R.S.D. for precision test was less than 3.0%. Recovery of the compound was 98.55~101.72% with R.S.D values less than 4.0%. In conclusion, this method has been successfully applied to the determination of ellagic acid in N. tetragona.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.97-97
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• 2019

Chaga mushroom and Cheonggukjang have been used in alternative medicine. In this study, we determined the anti-obesity effects of fermented Chaga-Cheonggukjang (FCC), an extract prepared by secondary fermentation of a mixture of Cheonggukjang and Chaga by Lactobacillus acidophilus on highfat diet (HFD)-induced mice. Male ICR mice were fed a normal diet or HFD in the presence or absence of 3% and 5% FCC (FCC3 and FCC5). After 3 months, the mice were sacrificed, and serum and tissue samples were examined. Body weight and epididymal fat pad (EFP) weight were significantly lowered in FCC3 and FCC5 groups compared to those in the HFD control group. FCC supplementation suppressed serum triglyceride (TG) and increased serum HDL levels. Serum GOT, GPT, leptin levels and hepatic COX-2 mRNA expression were significantly higher in the HFD groups, and these increases were significantly attenuated by FCC supplementation. FCC suppressed body weight and EFP weight gain, as well as inflammatory responses in the liver in HFD-fed mice. Thus, FCC supplementation may have protective effects for obesity-related disease.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.445-460
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• 2017

This study was carried out for three years from 2013 to 2015 to investigate the actual condition of pest control of domestic persimmon organically cultivated farmers, to select environment - friendly pest control materials for major pests, and to conduct field test of established control system. The main cultivated cultivar of the reader farmer of organic cultivation was "Buyou" and sprayed organic agricultural material 9~17 times per year for pest control. The most harmful pests were anthracnose, bugs, persimmon fruit worm, and scales, etc. The control materials used were organic lime sulfur mixture, red clay sulfur, emulsifier, bordeaux solution, and self-made plant extracts using garlic, ginkgo nut and pine tree. The effective materials for controlling anthrax were lime sulfur mixture and red clay sulfur. Garlic oil + citronella emulsion, shrubby sophora seed extract + tea extract was effective to control Riptortus clavatus and Euproctis subflava. When installed 60 ea per 10a of mating disruption trap in a sweet orchard, the fruit setting rate was improved by 30%. The results of field test of control system to control 10 times a year in organically grown persimmons were able to harvest fruit of 70.7%. However, since any kinds of pesticides can not be sprayed during the harvest season in September and October, the damaged by bugs did not decreased, and further research is needed.