• Title/Summary/Keyword: Plant derived carbon

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Development of Supercapacitors Using Porous Carbon Materials Synthesized from Plant Derived Precursors

  • Khairnar, Vilas;Jaybhaye, Sandesh;Hu, Chi-Chang;Afre, Rakesh;Soga, Tetsu;Sharon, Madhuri;Sharon, Maheshwar
    • Carbon letters
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.188-194
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    • 2008
  • Porous carbon materials synthesized from various plant derived precursors i.e. seeds of [Castor (Ricinus communis), Soap nut (Sapindus sp.), Cashew-nut (Semecarpus anacardium), Jack fruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), Ambadi (Crotolaria juncea), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Bitter Almond (Prunus amygdalus), Sesamum (Sisamum indicum), Date-palm (Phoenix dactylifera),Canola (Brassica napus), Sunflower (Helianthus annulus)] and fibrous materials from [Corn stem- (Zea mays), Rice straw (Oryza sativa), Bamboo (Bombax bambusa) and Coconut fibers (Cocos nucifera)] were screened to make supercapacitor in 5M KOH solution. Carbon material obtained from Jack fruit seeds (92.0 F/g), Rice straw (83.0 F/g), Soap nut seeds (54.0 F/g), Castor seeds (44.34 F/g) and Bamboo (40.0 F/g) gave high capacitance value as compared to others. The magnitude of capacitance value was found to be inversely proportional to the scan rate of measurement. It is suggested that carbon material should possess large surface area and small pore size to get better value of capacitor. Moreover, the structure of carbon materials should be such that majority of pores are in the plane parallel to the plane of electrode and surface is fluffy like cotton ball.

Factors Affecting Plant Regeneration from Seed-Derived Calli in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb). (톨 페스큐의 종자배양에 있어서 식물체 재부노하에 미치는 몇가지 요인)

  • 이효신;이승민;권용삼;이병현;조진기
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.45-48
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    • 2001
  • In an effort to optimize tissue culture responses of tall fescue, the effects of basic medium and carbon sources on seed culturability and genotypic difference of plant regenerability were investigated. The MS basal medium was superior to $N_{5}$ 6/ and $B_{medium}$ in enhancing callus growth and plant regeneration. To determine the effect of carbon sources on plant regeneration, the seeds were cultured on medium with 30 g/L sucrose and maltose, respectively. Medium supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose resulted in regeneration of shoots from 50% of the calli. The genotypic difference in plant regenerability was obvious among five cultivars of tall fescue tested. \\`KY31\\` and \\`Hokuryo\\` showed to have higher regenerability with the frequency of 33% and 51%, respectively.

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Comparison of Plant-derived Carbonaceous Components (Organic Molecular Markers and 14carbon) in PM2.5 in Summer and Autumn at Kazo, Japan

  • Sasaka, Kouki;Wang, Qingyue;Sakamoto, Kazuhiko
    • Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.165-175
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    • 2017
  • In Japan, the primary carbonaceous particles emitted from motor vehicles and waste incinerators have been reduced due to strict regulations against exhaust gas. However, the relative contribution of carbonaceous particles derived from plants and biomass has been increasing. Accordingly, compositional analysis of carbonaceous particles has become increasingly important to determine the sources and types of particles produced. To reveal the sources of the organic particles contained in particulate matter with diameters of ${\leq}2.5{\mu}m$ ($PM_{2.5}$) and the processes involved in their generation, we analyzed molecular marker compounds (2-methyltetrols, cis-pinonic acid, and levoglucosan) derived from the plants and biomass in the $PM_{2.5}$ collected during daytime- and nighttime-sampling periods in summer (July and August) and autumn (November) in Kazo, which is in the northern area of Saitama prefecture, Japan. We also measured $^{14}C$ carbonaceous concentrations in the same $PM_{2.5}$ samples. The concentrations of 2-methyltetrols were higher in the summer than in the autumn. Because the deciduous period overlaps with this decrease in the levels of 2-methyltetrols, we considered the emission source to broad-leaved trees. In contrast, the emission source of the cis-pinonic acid precursor was considered to be conifers, because its concentration remained almost constant throughout the year. The concentration of levoglucosan was considerably increased in the autumn due to frequent biomass open burning. The ratio of plant-derived carbon to total carbon, obtained by measuring of $^{14}C$, in summer $PM_{2.5}$ sample was higher in the nighttime, and could be influenced by anthropogenic sources during the daytime.

Grazing Effects on Floristic Composition and Above Ground Plant Biomass of the Grasslands in the Northeastern Mongolian Steppes

  • Hayashi, Ichiroku;Kawada, Kiyokazu;Kurosu, Mayu;Batjargal, Amgaa;Tsundeekhuu, Tsagaanbandi;Nakamura, Toru
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.115-123
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    • 2008
  • We describe plant biomass in the grasslands of the Mongolian steppe obtained using a quadrat sampling technique. Four sites were studied in the northeastern Mongolia located between $47^{\circ}12'N$ and $47^{\circ}40'N$ and $102^{\circ}22'E$ and $112^{\circ}24'E$, which were typical grasslands of the steppe. Biomass, carbon and nitrogen content were determined for the plants collected from the grazed and ungarazed stands. With the measurements above, we expect to obtain information on grazing effects on the grasslands and carbon sequestration of the grassland from the air. In order to estimate the biomass without destroying the stands, we derived an equation to describe the relationship between plant biomass and v-value using plant height and species coverage within the stand. Estimated plant biomass in the ungrazed and grazed stands ranged between $108.0\;g\;m^{-2}$ and $13.4\;g\;m^{-2}$ and between $97.5\;g\;m^{-2}$ and $14.1\;g\;m^{-2}$ in late June 2005, respectively. Litter in the ungrazed and grazed stands ranged from $330.3\;g\;m^{-2}$ to $78.4\;g\;m^{-2}$ and from $188.0\;g\;m^{-2}$ to $20.3\;g\;m^{-2}$, similarly. Average carbon and nitrogen contents in plants and in litter were 43.0% and 1.9% and 33.7% and 1.4%, respectively. In study sites at Baganuur, the carbon and nitrogen content of plant materials (plant plus litter) was $118.4\;g\;m^{-2}$ and $4.7\;g\;m^{-2}$ on 30 June 2005.

Factors Affecting Plant Regeneration from Seed-Derived Calli in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) (이탈리안 라이그래스의 종자배양에 있어서 식물체 재분화에 미치는 몇 가지 요인)

  • 이효신;강경민;조진기
    • Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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    • v.28 no.6
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    • pp.323-328
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    • 2001
  • In order to optimize the conditions of callus induction and plant regeneration in seed culture of Italian ryegrass, the effects of basic medium and carbon sources on seed culturability and genotypic difference of plant regenerability were investigated. MS medium was better than N6 and B5 medium in enhancing callus growth and plant regeneration. Sucrose was superior to maltose in plant regeneration as carbon source in the medium. The genotypic difference in plant regenerability was obvious among four cultivars of Italian ryegrass tested. 'Rio' and 'Jeanne' showed to have higher regenerability with the frequency of 38% and 56%, respectively.

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Reduction of unburned carbon derived from coal-fired power plant by changing operating conditions (운전조건병경에 의한 미분탄화력의 미연분 저감)

  • Park, Ho-Young;Kim, Young-Ju;Yu, Guen-Sil;Kim, Chun-Kun;Kim, Dong-Hun
    • 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2006.10a
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    • pp.299-303
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    • 2006
  • From the analysis of fly ash, which contains unburned carbon, collected from the coal-fired Yong Hung power station, most particles are turned out to be hollow cenosphere and agglomerated soot particles. The sooting potential from six coals used in the plant were investigated with CPD model. The results show that the higher potential presented to Peabody, Arthur, Shenhua coals rather than other coals. It is necessary to measure the coal flow rates at each coal feeding pipe for four burner levels since they affect the extent of mixing of soot with oxidant, in turn, the oxidation rate of soot particles. The unbalance in coal flow rate was found in several coal pipes. We successfully reduced unburned carbon in ash by increasing the excess air and changing the SOFA yaw angle.

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High-frequency Plant Regeneration from Mature Seed-derived Callus Cultures of Orchardgrass (오차드그래스 성숙종자로부터 캘러스 유도 및 고효율 식물체 재분화)

  • Lee, Sang-Hoon;Lee, Dong-Gi;Kim, Jin-Soo;Lee, Byung-Hyun
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.341-346
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    • 2003
  • In an effort to optimize tissue culture conditions for genetic transformation of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), an efficient and high-frequency plant regeneration system from seed-derived calli was established. Embryogenic calli induced on MS medium containing 3mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1mg/L BA had significantly improved regeneration ability. Plant regeneration rate was 92% when embryogenic calli were cultured on N6 medium supplemented with 1mg/L 2,4-D and 3mg/L BA. Among three kinds of medium, MS and N6 medium were optimal for embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration, respectively. Ho difference in callus induction frequency was observed among four cultivars of orchardgrass, however, "Roughrider" cultivar showed higher regenerability with the frequency of 61%. Addition of maltose to the regeneration medium as a carbon source dramatically increased regeneration frequency up to 69%. A short tissue culture period and high-frequency regeneration system would be beneficial for molecular breeding of orchardgrass through genetic transformation.

Effect of plant growth regulators and carbon sources on proliferation and shoot formation of PLBs in Dendrobium candidum (철피석곡의 기내 Protocorm Like Bodys(PLBs) 재증식 및 신초형성에 미치는 생장조절제 및 탄소원의 영향)

  • Jang, Jee-woo;Kim, Chang Kil;Trinh, Ngoc Ai;Lee, Do-Jin;Chung, Mi Young
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.46 no.1
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    • pp.9-16
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    • 2019
  • Dendrobium candidum Wallich ex Lindley is a traditional Chinese medicine plant and has been widely used for medicinal and ornamental purposes. In this study, several different factors affecting micro propagation of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) such as basal media, plant growth regulators, and carbon sources. The proliferation PLB derived from seeds was the best in $H_3P_4$ basal medium containing $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ NAA and $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Kinetin. PLB growth was the best when $10g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ sucrose was added to the carbon atoms in the medium. The rate of shoot formation from the propagated PLB was the highest in 1/4 MS or $H_1P_2$ medium containing $10g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ sucrose, and the shoot length was longer than the others.

Plant Regeneration from Seed-derived Callus in Kentucky Bluegrass(Poa pratensis L.) (켄터키 블루그래스의 종자유래의 캘러스로부터 식물체 재분화)

  • Yoon Ho-Sung;Lee Myunghee;Bae Eunkyung;Lee Hyoshin;Jo Jinki
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.265-270
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    • 2004
  • Plant regeneration from seed-derived callus of Kentucky bluegrass(Poa pratensis L. cv. Kenblue) was investigated. Callus induced on the medium supplemented with 2 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.2 mg/L BAP showed highest frequency of plant regeneration on the regeneration medium supplemented with 1 mg/L NAA and 5 mg/L kinetin. Callus induced in the dark condition showed higher regenerability than that induced in the dim light. MS medium was better than N6 and B5 medium in enhancing plant regeneration. Maltose was superior to sucrose in plant regeneration as carbon source in the medium.

Capacitance Characteristics of Fly Ash for Monitoring the Unburned Carbon Contained in Fly Ash (석탄회 미연탄소함량 동시측정을 위한 석탄회 정전용량 분석에 관한 연구)

  • 이재근;김장우;구재현;신진혁;김성찬;신희수;황유진
    • Journal of Energy Engineering
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.67-73
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    • 2002
  • The carbon-in-ash system for simultaneously monitoring the unburned carbon in fly ash produced in a coal-fired power plan is designed and evaluated using the domestic fly ash produced in the coal-fired power plant. Real time monitoring is very important to control the combustion of the boiler in the coal-fired power plant and the purification system for fly ash recycling. The carbon-in-ash system based on the capacitance measurement consists of a LCR meter, a duct collector and an electrode cell. The capacitance of fly ash increases linearly with increasing fly ash carbon contents. The water content in fly ash plays an important role on the ash capacitance. The empirical equation for predicting the content of unburned carbon in fly ash produced in the domestic Boryung, Hadong and Samchenpo coal-fired power plants can be derived in the range of carbon content 0-20%.