• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.169-179
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• 1999

The present study was undertaken to classify and describe the spring naturalized plant communities in old-Andong city by the methodology of the ZM school of phytosociology. As a result, the vegetation was classified into the six communities and two subcommunities: A. Bromus tectorum community A-a. Bromus japonicus subcommunity, A-b. Melica onoei subcommunity; B. Poa pratensis community; C. Rumex crispus community; D. Oenothera lamarckiana community; E. Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. eiatior community; F. Rumex conglomeratus community. The total taxa of the naturalized plant communities consisted of 31 families, 86 genera, 114 species and 13 varieties. Of which the taxa of the naturalized plant species consisted of 8 families, 21 genera, 25 species and 1 variety. The result of Bray-Curtis ordination revealed that the plots suveyed were arranged according largely to the vegetation units of' the communities. Also the interspecific affinity was examined by an analysis of interspecific association and the main component species in the communities were divided into two groups. The naturalized rate was higher in the communitise affected by strong human impacts, while was lower in the communities affected relatively less by human impacts. On the other hand the seasonal changes of the communities and the naturalized rate between the spring and the autumn were investigated. Many naturalized communities present in Spring were replaced by the other native ruderal communitues in the Autumn. The naturalized rate based on the dominance was largely decreased over from the spring to the Autumn.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2003

A method of conserving the vegetation at Mt. Chonggye was established to persue a practical management of the natural ecosystem by the vegetative composition analysis. As a result, the vegetation of surveyed areas was classified into two communities and four subcommunities in Mt. Chonggye. Potentilla fragarioides var. major community, known as the roadside plant community, distributed near trails under heavy human impacts. Potentilla fragarioides var. major community included two subcommunities : Digitaria sanguinalis-Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior subcommunity and Rhus chinensis subcommunities. In these communiyies, there were many naturalized plant species such as Aster pilosus and Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, known as heliophilous plant. Results indicated that the vegetation had been affected by intensive human activities. It is necessary to control the naturalized plant species such as Aster pilosus for conservation of the ecosystem and nature in this area. Quercus mongolica community, a common coppice woodland in central Korea, was mostly distributed around mountain tops and ridges above 529 m altitute. In the valley where the forests well conserved, the Quercus mongolica community contained the Syneilesis aconitifolia-Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus subcommunity. On the other hand, Potentilla dickinsii subcommunity was dominated in dry rocky ridge areas. In these areas, however, the vegetation and forest soil was not properly managed for conservation.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.65-74
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• 2006

A study of the vascular hydrophyte communities and biomass was undertaken in the Bigumdo wetlands, Shinangun, from March to November, 2005. As a result, the vegetation was divided into 14 communities. Among them, emergent hydrophytes consisted of 6 communities, including Miscanthus sacchariflorus community, Phragmites communis community, Typha angustata community, Leersia japonica community, Paspalum disticum var. indutum community, and Persicaria thunbergii community, floating hydrophytes 5 communities including Hydrocharis dubia community, Nelumbo nucifera community, Euryale ferox community, Trapa japonica community and Nymphaea tetragona var. angusta community, free-floating hydrophytes 2 commuinties including Lemna paucicostata community and Spirodela polyrhiza community, and submergent hydrophyte 1 community, including Myriophyllum verticillatum community. Biomass was the highest at emergent hydrophytes and decreased along the life form, in the order like floating hydrophytes, submergent hydrophyte and free-floating hydrophytes. In addition, hydrophytes in the Bigumdo wetland showed the typical vertical zonation pattern like a natural swamp. These results were considered that the wetland of Bigumdo was characterized by the typical structure of aquatic plant ecosystem.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.28-36
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• 2012

Forests are one of the basic assets nearest our daily lives that provide the foundation of life necessities, culture and even survival. These assets pervade local residents' lives as culture and the necessities of life, and they will be handed down to posterity. Therefore, this study was conducted to carry out a field survey on old trees, plant communities and forests in the southern coastal areas in Korea, where not many surveys were not conducted on the forest cultural assets, further examining a possibility that some of the trees should be designated as law-protected. As for the survey of plants, this study investigated 80 different spots of old trees, plant communities and forests, located in 11 cities and counties in Gyengnam Province and Jeonnam Province adjacent to the southern coast of Korea. To measure the health and actual maintenance conditions of old trees and plant communities objectively, the standard of judgment was established through the brain storming of experts. As a result of the field survey, out of all the old trees and plant communities that are not law-protected, this study selected old trees and plant communities that are in good health and likely to pass the standard of designating law-protected trees according to the Established Rule 574 of the Korea Forest Service Regulation. As for the plant community and old trees likely to be law-protected, this study judged that the torreya forest in Naneum Li, Namhae and old trees in 13 spots, in cluding so-called 'Couple Pine Tree' in Pyeongsa Li, Hadong, have a high possibility of being designated as a law-protected plant community and old trees. As for the species of old trees, there were 3 zelkova serrata trees, 3 celtis sinensis persoon trees, 2 pinus densiflora trees, 1 castanopsis cuspidata tree, 1 salix chaenomeloides tree and 1 machilus thunbergii tree found in the survey areas. Overall, this study judged that those old trees and plant communities require a national systematic maintenance by being designated as law-protected ones, and their values should be handed down to posterity as our forest cultural assets.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.354-366
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• 2022

To analyze the distribution of plant communities growing in river wetlands and the relationship between biotic and abiotic environmental factors, plant communities and environmental factors were investigated in river wetlands in the Boseong River. The Boseong River Wetland, the research site, consists of Hwapyeong Wetland, Bangujeong Wetland, and Seokgok Wetland. From June to September 2022, a plant community survey was conducted from the perspective of physiognomical vegetation, and the coverage of the emerging species followed the Braun-Blanquet scale. Plant species and the coverage of each species were recorded in the quadrant for plant community survey, and the cover of the quadrant, the total number of species, and the number of exotic species were measured as biological factors. As abiotic factors, altitude, orientation, inclination, soil texture, litter layer depth, dominant species diameter at breast height, and topography were recorded. In a total of 50 square plots, the most common Salix koreensis and Phragmites japonicus communities were found, and the community with the highest Shannon species diversity index was Phragmites japonicus-Echinochloa caudata community. As a result of ordination analysis by DCCA, the most significant clusters were separated according to topographic factors such as leeve, leeve slope, upper floodplain, lower floodplain, upper waterside, middle waterside, lower waterside, river island and opem water. As rare plants that need to be preserved in river wetlands, Hydrocharis dubia and Penthorum chinense were found in lower waterside, and it was found that the management of the river in the reservoir is necessary in line with the topographical distribution of ecosystem-disrupting plants, such as Paspalum distichum var. indutum.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2024

This study was conducted to identify the community structure of two outstanding forest wetlands in Goheung-gun, Jeollanam-do, and to investigate their succession trends. vegetation survey was conducted using the Z-M phytosociological method From May to October, 2023, and based on this data, the Actual vegetation map was created by categorizing communities. This resulted in the classification of six communities. namely, Rhynchospora faberi community, Alnus japonica-Molinia japonica community, Ilex crenata-M. japonica community, M. japonica community, A. japonica-Pinus densiflora community and A. japonica community. The results of each layer's importance value (IV) analysis results indicated that in the R. faberi community, that of R. faberi, an obligate wetland plant, was high. In the subtree and shrub layers of the other five communities, A. japonica, a key species in wetland ecosystems, and Pinus densiflora and I. crenata, both obligate upland plants, exhibited higher IV. In the herb layer, the IV of M. japonica, a representative species of intermediate wetlands, was notably high. The results of classifying all observed plant species in the survey area based on their wetland preference revealed that in the R. faberi community, the occurrence rate of obligate wetland plants was high. However, in the other five communities, the occurrence rate of obligate upland plants was predominantly observed. Excluding the R. faberi community, in the other five communities constituting the outstanding forest wetlands, the occurrence rate of upland plants among the forest plants was high. It was observed that M. japonica which typically appears during the transition of wetlands to drier stages, was flourishing, indicating that the wetland was undergoing vegetation succession and terrestrialization.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.805-814
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• 2008

Liming of acidic soils can prevent aluminum toxicity and improve crop production. Some maize lines show aluminum (Al) tolerance, and exudation of organic acids by roots has been considered to represent an important mechanism involved in the tolerance. However, there is no information about the impact of liming on the structures of bacterial and fungal communities in Cerrado soil, nor if there are differences between the microbial communities from the rhizospheres of Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive maize lines. This study evaluated the effects of liming on the structure of bacterial and fungal communities in bulk soil and rhizospheres of Al-sensitive and Al-tolerant maize (Zea mays L.) lines cultivated in Cerrado soil by PCR-DGGE, 30 and 90 days after sowing. Bacterial fingerprints revealed that the bacterial communities from rhizospheres were more affected by aluminum stress in soil than by the maize line (Al-sensitive or Al-tolerant). Differences in bacterial communities were also observed over time (30 and 90 days after sowing), and these occurred mainly in the Actinobacteria. Conversely, fungal communities from the rhizosphere were weakly affected either by liming or by the rhizosphere, as observed from the DGGE profiles. Furthermore, only a few differences were observed in the DGGE profiles of the fungal populations during plant development when compared with bacterial communities. Cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments obtained from dominant DGGE bands detected in the bacterial profiles of the Cerrado bulk soil revealed that Actinomycetales and Rhizobiales were among the dominant ribotypes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1169-1179
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• 2020

In this study, two soybean genotypes, i.e., aluminum-tolerant Baxi 10 (BX10) and aluminumsensitive Bendi 2 (BD2), were used as plant materials and acidic red soil was used as growth medium. The soil layers from the inside to the outside of the root are: rhizospheric soil after washing (WRH), rhizospheric soil after brushing (BRH) and rhizospheric soil at two sides (SRH), respectively. The rhizosphere bacterial communities were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA gene amplicons via Illumina MiSeq. The results of alpha diversity analysis showed that the BRH and SRH of BX10 were significantly lower in community richness than that of BD2, while the WRH exhibited no significant difference between BX10 and BD2. Among the three sampling compartments of the same soybean genotype, WRH had the lowest community richness and diversity while showing the highest coverage. Beta diversity analysis results displayed no significant difference for any compartment between the two genotypes, or among the three different sampling compartments for any same soybean genotype. However, the relative abundance of major bacterial taxa, specifically nitrogen-fixing and/or aluminum-tolerant bacteria, was significantly different in the compartments of the BRH and/or SRH at phylum and genus levels, indicating genotype-dependent variations in rhizosphere bacterial communities. Strikingly, as compared with BRH and SRH, the WRH within the same genotype (BX10 or BD2) always had an enrichment effect on rhizosphere bacteria associated with nitrogen fixation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.63-74
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to provide the basis information for ecological conservation and restoration of Jangdo wetland conservation area through the survey of vegetation diversity and spatial distribution characteristics. Syntaxonomic account of plant communities were carried out field survey by Z.-M. school method at 14 sites and relationship analysis between plant community and environment variables with Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA). Based on the floristic composition, all the plots were classified into xeric and hydric type and arranged in seven plant communities. Spatial distribution of plant communities is determined primarily by the soil moisture condition and amount of organic matter. Hydric vegetation is around 8% ($7,337m^2$) of the protected area and distributed swamp forest of dominating willows under 18 years. Proliferation of willows are recognised extended from edge to centre after in 1990's caused by fallow and control of livestock grazing on wetland. Jangdo wetland will have to readjust the protection boundary because wet meadow zone and swamp forest have been distributed outside the protection area.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 1999

The seasonal changes of the flora at three samples sites such as Sockchong, Wang-gung and Chukrim hot spring by drained thermal waters were investigated from 1997 to 1998. Monthly occurrence of plant species in February and October showed more abundantly control site than that of heavy and/or light polluted sites. This trend demonstrated similarly in terms of seasonal changes of leaf area and plant growths, both fresh and dry weight, too. Cu, Zn, Ni and Pb content including plants from Sockchong hot spring site were increased from April to September at test area than that of control, while that was decreased in October. But Zn and Pb content holding plants from Wang-gung hot spring site represented higher test site than that of control. In short impacts on aquatic plants communities by thermal wastewater of sampled area have happened in the season of low temperature, and their restorations have done in summer season.