• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.345-350
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• 2003

A series of aqueous extracts and residues from leaves, stems, roots, pods and seeds of Korean black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were assayed against alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) to determine their allelopathic activities through petri-dish and greenhouse experiments, and the results showed highest inhibition in the extracts or residues from the seeds, and followed by pods. The extracts of 40g dry tissue $\textrm{L}^{-1}$ applied on filter paper in petri-dish bioassay significantly inhibited root growth of alfalfa, and especially extracts from seeds and pods reduced root length of alfalfa more than those from leaves, stems, or roots. Plant height, root length, shoot and root dry weights of barnyard grass were reduced significantly by residue incorporation of seeds and pods as the incorporated amount increased. These results suggest that black soybean plants had herbicidal potential, and their activities were exhibited differently depending on plant parts.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.134-139
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• 2021

A diverse group of plant-growth promoting bacteria were isolated in button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) media to investigate the plant-growth promoting traits of compounds including indole acetic acid (IAA), ammonia, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase, siderophore, and hydrogen cyanide. Twenty-one bacterial strains showing positive effects for all the test traits were selected and classified to confirm bacterial diversity in the media habitat. Plant-growth promoting traits of the isolates were also assessed. All strains produced IAA ranging from 20 ㎍/mL to 250 ㎍/mL. Most of the isolates produced more than 80% siderophore. Four strains (Pantoea sp., PSB-08, Bacillus sp., PSB-13, Pseudomonas sp., PSB-17, and Enterobacter sp., PSB-21) showed outstanding performances for all the tested traits. In a bioassay of these four strains using mung bean plant, the best growth performances (23.16 cm, 22.98 cm, 2.27 g/plant, and 1.83 g/plant for shoot length, root length, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight, respectively) were obtained from the plants co-inoculated with Bacillus sp., PSB-13. The resultant data indicate that button mushroom media have got a diverse group of bacteria with plant growth promoting abilities. Thus, the media could be a good recycling resource for using to an effective bio-fertilizer.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 1996.09a
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• pp.16-26
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• 1996

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2007

Twenty - four elite mulberry germplasm each of indigenous and exotics were studied for their leaf yield and compared with commercial check ($V_1$ and Kosen). Accession MI-0416 and ME-0169 out yielded the check accession in leaf yield/plant. The other few mulberry germplasm were also performed at par with the checks. For quality test and bioassay were conducted with the leaves of selected mulberry germplasm. Among the selected twelve mulberry accessions used for bioassay, MI-0376 and ME-033 performed better than check ($V_1$, Kosen). Other mulberry accessions i.e., MI-0310 and MI-0437 are on par with the check as far as the bioassay is concerned. MI-0376 and ME-0033 out yielded in rearing parameters and qualified for 11 and 10 rearing and related traits. Other mulberry accessions i.e., MI-0310 and MI-0437 were also qualified for eight rearing traits along with check ($V_1$). The mulberry accessions tested after selection from the preliminary characterization seems to be better and equally good in rearing and leaf yield compared to check ($V_1$, Kosen), which provides scope for selection and further evaluation. The selected mulberry accession may be included in crop improvement programme.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.197.2-197
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• 1994

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.297-304
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• 1994

This study was carried out to develop bioassay for detection of pesticide residues in agricultural products by using the soil microbial isolates sensitive to pesticides. One hundred bacterial isolates and eighty five fungal isolates were obtained from soil and their sensitivity to 10 ppm of several pesticides was examined in vitro. Five bacterial isolates and three fungal isolates were found sensitive to organochloride fungicide and two fungal isolates sensitive to organocopper fungicide. Among these isolates, B46, B93 and F67 were tested to find out the difference in sensitivity according to the methods of fungicide treatment. All of the isolates were found sensitive to 10 ppm of organochloride fungicides mixed directly in PDA. But they were found insensitive to the fungicide mixed in PDA after filtering through membrane filter. In case of organocopper fungicide, the isolates were found sensitive only when it was treated in PDA. And their sensitivity showed difference among various kinds of organochloride fungicides. B46 and B93 were employed to check the possibility as the agent for detection of the pesticidal residues in twenty eight agricultural products including rice. It was found that all samples had not residues because the samples did not inhibit the growth of isolates. When organochloride fungicides were applied to the above products, it was possible to detect the residues in fruits and vegetables at the concentration of 10 ppm, but not in starch-rich grains. B46 and B93 were identified as Bacillus sp. according to their bacterial characteristics in culture.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2013

Oreorchis coreana Finet is threatened globally by over-collection from its natural habitats for horticultural purposes. Its rarity in nature makes this plant one of the most endangered species in Korea. In this study, we investigated the effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on orchid seed viability and seed germination. An in vitro bioassay swelling test using immature seeds was compared with a standard chemical procedure using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) to test seed viability. In general, the bioassay was more appropriate for estimating embryo viability after a prolonged pre-treatment (more than 1 h) in 1% NaOCl, a surface sterilant often used to enhance germination of seeds of terrestrial plants. Therefore, an efficient method for investigating in vitro swelling of immature seeds is urgently needed. We established a method for determining the viability and swelling of O. coreana seeds via in vitro examination of immature seeds. Treatment of immature seeds with 1% NaOCl for 10 min greatly enhanced the extent of swelling of immature zygote embryos when compared to untreated seeds. These data obtained here appear to be comparable to viability and swelling that occurs in O. coreana seeds via asymbiotic germination.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05d
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• pp.46-50
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• 1996

Tritium dose management is an important aspect of the radiation protection program at CANDU type reactor sites. This paper describes the bioassay and dosimetry of tritium at CANDU reactor sites, especially for Wolsung Nuclear Power Plant. It presents a compilation of information drawn from published papers, technical reports, international and national guidelines as well as practical experience both in Korean and Canadian CANDU Nuclear Power Plants. The implementation of this program would provide a technical basis for demonstrating to workers, managers and regulators that tritium bioassay measurements, dose calculations and records should be of acceptable quality and should meet overall radiation protection program objectives.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.47-60
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• 2004

Higher plants can be valuable genetic assay systems for monitoring environmental pollutants and evaluating their biological toxicity. Two assays are considered ideal for in situ monitoring and testing of soil, airborne and aqueous mutagenic agents; the Tradescantia stamen hair assay for somatic cell mutations and the Tradescantia micronucleus assay for chromosome aberrations. Both assays can be used for in vivo and in vitro testing of mutagens. Since higher plant systems are now recognized as excellent indicators and have unique advantages over in situ monitoring and screening, higher plant systems could be accepted by regulatory authorities as an alternative first-tier assay system for the detection of possible genetic damages resulting from the pollutants or chemicals used and produced by industrial sectors. It has been concluded that potential mutagen and carcinogen such as the heavy metals among indoor air particulates, volatile compounds in the working places, soil, and water pollutants contribute to the overall health risk. This contribution can be considerable under certain circumstances. It is therefore important to identify the level of genotoxic activity in the environment and to relate it to the biomarkers of a health risk in humans. The results from the higher plant bioassays could make a significant contribution to assessing the risks of pollutants and protecting the public from agents that can cause mutation and/or cancer. The plant bioassays, which are relatively inexpensive and easy to handle, are recommended for the scientists who are interested in monitoring pollutants and evaluating their environmental toxicity to living organisms.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.101-106
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• 2006

Common thistle contains water-soluble substances that are phytotoxic to neighboring plant species. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and flowers of common thistle (Cirsium pendulum Fisch.) were assayed against alfalfa (Medicago sativa) seedlings to determine their allelopathy, and the results showed highest inhibition in the extracts from flowers and leaves, and followed by stems, and roots. The extracts at 40 g dry tissue $L^{-1}(g\;L^{-1})$ applied on filter paper in a Petri-dish significantly inhibited root growth of test plant by 87%. Methanol extracts at 100 g $L^{-1}$ from leaves inhibited root growth of alfalfa and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) by 89 and 98%, respectively. Hexane and ethylacetate fractions of common thistle reduced alfalfa root growth more than did butanol and water fractions. Incorporation into soil with the leaf residues at $100g\;kg^{-1}$ inhibited shoot fresh weights of barnyardgrass and eclipta (Eclipta prostrate) by 88 and 58%, respectively, showing higher sensitivity in grass species. These results suggest that common thistle plants had allelopathic potential for eco-friendly vegetation management, and that especially their activities were differently exhibited depending on plant part.