• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.102-118
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to propose an ecological management plan by the comprehensive analysis of biotope structures on Namsan Urban Natural Park in Seoul. Classified by actual vegetation, structure of layer and vegetation damage, biotope structures were composed of forest area, compact management area, herb area, cultivated area and non-ecology(urban) area. Succession had seened to stop in the Native forest. Artifical forest was divided into two types. The first, upper layer, was too dense to accommodate lower layer plants, the other case was the appearance of Quercus spp. and the first stage plants of succession following the declination of the upper layer plants. The soil pH of Nam-san Urban Park was 4.21∼4.51, which meant the soil was becoming acid. As the result of acidity, leaching of available nutrition(K/sup +/, NH₄/sup +/, Ca/sup ++/ etc.) was immediately influenced by the natural ecosystem, influence of acid rain was disturbed to becoming organic matter which was use to plants. In the case of a biotope structure management plan, the urban area was prohibited to spread outside. Cultivated and herb area was regenerated to natural forest. In the forest area, the compact management area was maintained with its present condition, and then it is desirable to make a preservation area and to plant shrubs. Planted Pinus densiflora Community was needed to eliminate competitive species of canopy layer, and plant shrubs. Management of deciduous broad-leaved Comm. was maintained in its present conditionand it is desirable to raise the diversity of the understory and shrub layer. The management of the artifical forest seems to be suitable for Q. spp. community. The care of naturalized plants prevents the expansion and restores the structure of wild plants. The soil management was a marked restoration soil ecosystem in order to prevent soil acid and drying.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.821-831
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• 2023

Recently, landscaping construction has played a significant role in enhancing the quality of life for citizens by creating and maintaining outdoor spaces. However, landscaping projects vary in material procurement depending on the contracting method, and they also present various challenges in defect occurrence and defect rectification due to their specialized nature. In this study, we classified different types of projects based on material procurement ratios and conducted on-site assessments of defect status by specific processes. We also analyzed the itemization of material ratios and defect rectification costs. The results revealed it was found that projects with a higher proportion of government-provided materials had the poorest defect status in terms of planting works and also incurred the highest defect rectification costs. Moreover, conflicts concerning the responsibility for defects arose. Currently, there are no specific guidelines for setting standards for the proportion of government-provided materials in landscaping construction contracts. Furthermore, there is ambiguity in the management of defect rectification. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a systematic landscaping construction contracting framework by providing institutional guidelines tailored to local governments or the circumstances of contracting entities and to conduct thorough reviews of construction processes.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2011

As the development of construction technology and new materials, building requirements has been varied gadually. Comfortable environment and serviceability of production activity and energy conservation are being dealt with very seriously. Recently localization of engineering technology of Power Plant, however, construction materials and domestic technology are being developed forcingly. According to above topics this thes is going to study roof waterproofing, thermal insulation and evaluate adiabatic performance and evaluation of properties of waterproofing materials and energy conservation. The results of studying and evaluating of roof waterproofing, thermal insulation and adiabatic performance of Power Plant are as follows. 1. Sheet waterproofing method is better than that of asphalt waterproofing method in that adaptability of wearhertight, thermal resistant, contraction and expansion. 2. It is required to replace polyurethane or ethylene used as thermal insulation with rock wool which is noncombustible materials. 3. It is recommended to usd outer insulation method than inner insulation method due to superioty of outer insulation method. Efficiency of insulation materials used in power plant is generally good except perlite mortar used in the power plant(YGN 1-2, GRI 1-2).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 2015

In steel making plant, sampling system for raw material such as iron ore, limestone is necessary for quality control purpose. For the sake of efficiency and productivity, automation of the sampling system is highly desirable. From technical standpoint, the development of the automated system requires multi-disciplinary domain knowledge such as mechanical engineering, industrial engineering, information technology and computer engineering. Up to present time, the development has been mainly carried out by a single domain expert with project manager. The automated system developed in this way caused problems in the final system. This paper suggests a systems engineering approach to the development of automation for raw material sampling plant via a tailored process called Plant Systems Engineering (PSE) Process based on ISO/IEC 15288. Through the PSE process, we could derive right requirements and architecture of the Systems Of Interest (SOI), and we were convinced that the PSE Process can be applied to many other Plant Systems.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.96-107
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• 2003

This study is to establish the Incheon Metropolitan City Arboretum Development Plan (IMADP) as a capacity building both for plant diversity conservation and nature friendly leisure activity areas of Incheon Metropolitan City, Korea. The arboretum planning area is located within territory of the Incheon Grand Park Based on the IMADP, the arboretum was divided into three display spaces; the Urban Greening Garden, the Rare and Endangered Plant Species Garden and the Theme Garden. Detailed planting guidelines were suggested according to the three garden areas. The Urban Greening Garden was designed to display the following three; the relevance techniques, the model, and the practical uses of plants that are regarded to an urban greening. The Rare and Endangered Plant Species Garden (REPSG) was planned for the collection and display of the rare and endangered native plants in the territories of Incheon and the island seashore. Also, the REPSG includes the education purposes of comparing and displaying taxonomically related plant species. The Theme Garden was projected for the collection and display of plant species that have long been familiar to Korean culture and which are also used in our daily life.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.43-62
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to offer the raw data for management and conservation of Korean ecosystem by surveying the present conditions and characteristics of flora to select the ecological and landscape conservation area, Ilwolsan(Mt.), Korea. The numbers of flora in Mt. Ilwol were summarized as 582 taxa including 94 families, 307 genera, 508 species, 4 subspecies, 61 varieties and 9 formas. The rare plants were 15 taxa including Clematis koreana, Aristolochia contorta, Daphne pseudomezereum var. koreana, Iris odaesanensis and so forth. The Korean endemic plants were 14 taxa including Pseudostellaria coreana, Philadelphus schrenckii, Galium koreanum, Weigela subsessilis and so forth. The specific plants by floristic region were 29 taxa including Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Parasenecio firmus, Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila, Acer mandshuricum, Syringa reticulata var. mandshurica and so forth. The naturalized plants were 22 taxa including Fallopia dumetorum, Rumex nipponicus, Trifolium repens, Sonchus asper, Phleum pratense and so forth. A set of important area is rare plant, Korean endemic plant, specific plant emerge a lot of areas.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.148-156
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the actual vegetation and plant community structure of the urban forest in Kwangju Metropolitan City. Thirty eight plots in the urban forest were set up by the clumped sampling method. The degree of green naturality, 6 that is artifical planting area covered 10.9% in Kwangju Metropolitan City and Pinus densiflora community covered 48.7% of the actual vegetations of urban forest. Canopy height, Diameter of breast height (DBH) and No. of species in urban forest were 13.5m, 21cm and 24 species, respectively. The soil conditions and community structure of the urban forest were differenced by location of urban and suburban area. The plant communities divided into six groups which were Quercus acutissima community, Q. acutissima-Robinia pseudo-acacia community, Pinus rigida Community, P. rigida-P. densiflora community, P. densifrora-Q. acutissima community and Q, serrata-P. densiflora community. Successional series of the urban forest in the surveyed area were proceeding from P. dinsiflora to Quercus species. The species diversity of plant were high in natural plant community but low in artificial plant community. Tree density in the canopy layer varied from 600ea/ha to 2,800ea/ha.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.4 s.111
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• pp.119-128
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• 2005

This study was carried out to obtain fundamental information of growth response of interior landscape plants under a fluorescent lighting, a sunlight at indoor. Ficus elastica Roxb. vu. decora Hort, Spathiphyllum 'Clevelandii', Codiaeum variegatum Blume var. pictum Mvell. Arg. 'Exalant' and Cordyline terminalis Kunth var. red edge Hort were examined under 100lux, 500lux, 1,000lux and 2,000lux light intensity consisted of fluorescent lighting and sunlight at indoor condition. Result of experiments are as follows; 1. A Ficus elastica Roxb. var. decora Hort plant growth status was better showed under fluorescent lighting than sunlight. A plant growth status showed the best result under 2,000lux light intensity of fluorescent lighting in cases of all conditions. 2. A Spathiphyllum 'Clevelandii' showed the best effective adaptations under law intensity among experimental plants. A Spathiphyllum 'Clevelandii', plant growth status was better showed under fluorescent lighting than sunlight. A plant growth status showed the best result under 1,000lux light intensity of fluorescent lighting in cases of all conditions. 3. It need the best high establishment of fluorescent lighting among experimental plants for good plant growth. A Codiaeum variegatum Blume var. pictum Mvell. Arg. 'Exalant' plant growth status was better showed under fluorescent lighting than sunlight. A plant growth status was better showed under high light intensity in case of same light source. A plant growth status showed the best result under 2,000lux light intensity of fluorescent lighting. 4. A Cordyline terminalis Kunth var. red edge Hort plant growth status was better showed under fluorescent lighting than sunlight. but, A plant growth status was better showed under $500lux\sim1,000lux$ than 2,000lux in cases of all intensity of fluorescent lighting. while, A plant growth status was better showed under $1,000lux\sim2,000lux$ in cases of all intensity of sunlight.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.154-158
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• 2011

This research was carried out to compare the standard of estimated unit power and material in landscape architecture construction between Korea and Japan. It has also been done to offer a practical and reasonable information to Korea landscape architecture industry. The research results are as follows. First, both Korea and Japan's standard of estimated unit power and material in landscape architecture construction are part of civil construction. Second, Korea's detailed type of construction is centered on plant's type and size while Japan's centered on architectural construction. Third, Korea's standard of estimated unit power and material are composed of workforce construction, mechanical construction and addition of soil. On the other hand, Japan's estimated unit power and material are composed of workforce construction, time of transportation, date of transportation. Fourth, the planting specification of Korea seems to be more in detail than that of Japan, Japan's showing a wider implication. Fifth, when comparing the information regarding standard of estimated unit power and material between Japan and Korea, transportation, independent stalking for plant, soil for landscape architecture is difference between the two countries. On the base of this research results, Korea's standard of estimated unit power and material in planning construction should be more elastic in its implication and independent standard of estimated unit power and material in landscape architecture construction. Also, examination of transportation, independent skating for plant and soil for landscape architecture should be done in order for better improvements.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.332-340
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• 2016

Seed size traits are controlled by multiple genes in crops and determine grain yield, quality and appearance. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling the size of plant seeds remain unclear. We performed functional analysis of BrPATL4 encoding Sec14-like protein to determine the genetic architecture of seed size, shape and their association analyses. We used 60 $T_3$ transgenic rice lines to evaluate seed length, seed width and seed height as seed size traits, and the ratios of these values as seed shape traits. Pleiotropic effects on general architecture included small seed size, erect panicles, decreased grain weight, reduced plant height and increased sterility, which are common to other mutants deficient in gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis. To test whether BrPATL4 overexpression is deleterious for GA signal transduction, we compared the relative expression of GA related gene and the growth rate of second leaf sheath supplied with exogenous $GA_3$. Overexpression of BrPATL4 did not affect GA biosynthesis or signaling pathway, with the same response shown under GA treatment compared to the wild type. However, the causal genes for the small seed phenotype (D1, SRS1, and SRS5) and the erection of panicles showed significantly decreased levels in mRNA accumulation compared to the wild type. These results suggest that the overexpression of BrPATL4 can control seed size through the suppression of those genes related to seed size regulation. Although the molecular function of BrPATL4 is not clear for small seed and erect panicles of BrPALT4 overexpression line, this study provides some clues about the genetic engineering of rice seed architecture.