• Animal cells and systems
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.475-482
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• 1997

The antiserum against locustatachykinin I, originally isolated from brain and retrocerebral complex of the locust Locusta migratoria, has been used to investigate changes in number, localization, and structure of locustatachykinin I-immunoreactive (LomTK I-IR) neurons in the brains of the common cutworm, Spodoptera Iitura, during postembryonic development. These neurons are found at larval, pupal, and adult stages. In the larval stages, the first instar larva shows the first appearance of about 8 LomTK I-IR neurons. These neurons gradually increase in number from the second to fourth instar larvae which have the largest number of about 92 in all postembryonic stages. Thereafter, these neurons decrease to about 28 in number in the 5-day-old pupa. However, they begin to rise again from the 7-day-old pupal stage, eventually reaching to about 90 in the l-day-old adult. The developing larval brains contain cell bodies of these neurons in most neuromeres. After the metamorphosis of larva to pupa and adult, localization of these neuronal cell bodies is confined to the specific cerebral neuromeres. The 7-day-old pupal brain shows the location of these neuronal cell bodies in pars intercerebralis, pars lateralis of protocerebrum, deutocerebrum, tritocerebrum, optic lobe-near region, and subesophageal ganglion. In the l-day-old adult, however, the brain has these cell bodies only in some neuromeres of protocerebrum, deutocerebrum, and subesophageal ganglion. Throughout the postembryonic life, changes in structure of these neurons coincide with changes in number and localization of these neurons. These findings suggest that changes in number, localization, and structure of these neurons reflect differentiation of these neurons to adult type.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.27-29
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• 1995

Within regional and municipal planning we are using several levels or types of EIA in the city of Dresden. Some of these types, practical aspects and some experiences of our work will be presented in this contribution. Firstly I may introduce you to some general conditions for your better understanding of our principles of work. Surely you know about. the destruction of the political and economical structures in Eastern Germany since 1989. Until today our not quite simple task is to build up new ones. At the same time people were in great expectation of freedom and high standard of living as soon as possible. Economical difficulties increased in association with the breakdown of the market in Eastern Europe. How to rebuild industrial estatements and how to renew the traffic systems? We had to find answers to all these complex question. Should we only repair the former damages or could we reach a really environmental sound production for the future? The demand for a rapid economic growth is an incredible challenge for the application of new environmental ideas. I am truly not sure whether you know the city of Dresden or not. So I would like to give you a short introduction. Dresden is situated in a valley shaped by the river Elbe. There live about 500,000 people. Dresden has a great reputation for arts and sciences. Its also well know as a town of high technology industries such as electronics and optics. We restored the power plant and therefore we don't need any atomic power plants actually we haven't got one. Since 1990 there were founded many official agencies in Dresden because it is the capatal of Saxony. Considering nature and environment we there is a large forest area called "Dresdner Heide". The river Elbe and the meadows are situated on both sides of the river. There are a lot of green and free places in the city area too. Furtheron there is something unusual for a large city: about 50% of the drinking water resources mostly take place within the city itself. The origin is the ground water as well as water from the river Elbe after filtration of course.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.295-300
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• 2011

Lycorma delicatula (White 1845), which has been recently introduced into Korea, is a notorious pest on grapes. This invasive insect has rapidly spread throughout central and southern Korea. To date, we have no behavioral or population genetics information, such as invasion routes and subsequent dispersal rates in Korea, to help understand and control populations of L. delicatula. Here, we have developed 15 novel microsatellite loci for L. delicatula. The isolated loci were polymorphic, with 2 to 19 alleles in 42 individuals from a single population in Korea. The analyses revealed that all 42 individuals had different multilocus genotypes with heterozygosity ranging from 0.214 to 0.866. Eleven of the 15 loci did not deviate significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The isolated markers will facilitate population genetic studies of L. delicatula.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2012

The concept of SIL is applied in the most of all standards relating to functional system safety. However there are problems for the people to apply SIL to their plants. as these standards don't include sufficient informations. In this regards, this paper will suggest the direction of SIL application and concept based on IEC 61508 and IEC 61511. A Safety Integrity Level(SIL) is the discrete level(one out of possible fours), corresponding to a range of the probability of an E/E/PE (Electric/Electrical/Programmable Electrical) safety-related system satisfactorily performing the specific safety functions under all the stated conditions within a stated period of time. SIL can be divided into the target SIL(or required SIL) and the result SIL. The target SIL is determined by the risk analysis at the analysis phase of safety lifecycle and the result SIL is calculated during SIL verification at the realization phase of safety lifecycle. The target SIL is determined by the risk analysis like LOPA(Layer Of Protection Analysis), Risk Graph, Risk Matrix and the result SIL is calculated by HFT(Hardware Fault Tolerance), SFF(Safe Failure Fraction) and PFDavg(average Probability of dangerous Failure on Demand). SIL is applied to various areas such as process safety, machinery(road vehicles, railway application, rotating equipment, etc), nuclear sector which functional safety is applied. The functional safety is the part of the overall safety relating to the EUC and the EUC control system that depends on the correct functioning of the E/E/PE safety-related systems and other risk reduction measures. SIL is applied only to the functional safety of SIS(Safety Instrumented System) in safety. EUC is the abbreviation of Equipment Under Control and is the equipment, machinery, apparatus or plant used for manufacturing, process, transportation, medical or other activities.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.689-692
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• 2015

전기철도에 공급되는 부하전류에 의하여 주변의 통신선에 발생되는 유도전압의 크기는 부하전류를 전달하는 전차선으로부터의 이격 거리에 따라 변화될 뿐만 아니라 전력 공급 급전소로부터의 거리와도 영향 관계를 가져서 급전소에 근접된 위치에서는 상대적으로 매우 높은 유도전압이 발생된다는 것을 급전소와 급전소 간에 단위 병행 거리마다의 연속된 유도전압을 측정함으로써 실증하였다. 이는 ITU-T의 전력선 전자유도 평가 지침서에서 제시된 기본 전차선 공급 전류에 대한 통신선의 위치 관계에 따른 계산 시뮬레이션 결과와도 부합된 사실이다. 그러므로 전기철도로부터 통신선에 유도되는 전압을 계산하거나 실측 평가할 때 병행 거리, 이격 거리와 더불어 급전소로부터의 위치 관계에 따른 적정 요율 변화에 대한 고려가 요구된다.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1996년도 International Conference on Agricultural Machinery Engineering Proceedings
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• pp.263-269
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• 1996

In indian agricultural , the energy use pattern has played dominant role in influencing the level of mechanization . Besides that the agro-climatic factors as well as the size of holdings do affect the degree of mechanization . Nearly 30 percent of total cultivated area is owned by l76 percent of the small and tiny land holders each owning even less than a hectare. On the other hand, about 2 percent of land owners cultivate land. These variabilitieshave greatly influenced the ownership of power sources on Indian farms. Small farmers, employ human and animal energies with the use of hand tools and animal drawn equipments. Whereases, the use of tractors, power tillers, electric motors, etc. on small farms is on a marginal scale. There are few pockets and also extensive wheat growing regions where mechanical and electrical power sources are extensively used in production agriculture leading to about 185% of cropping intensity . In that region, the animal energy is employed for on the farm transport of fertilizers, fodders and fuel to support milch animals and other household activities . Inspite of high degree of mechanization, the harvesting of crops is done by human labour with few exceptions of harvesting wheat crops by combines in few pockets. In overall assessment of mechanization, the following conclusions are drawn : ⅰ) Farm operation which show a growing trend of mechanization are (a) tillge, (b) seedling (c) Irrigation (d) Plant protection application (e) Threshing and (f) Transport . ⅱ) Crop cultivation system in respect of wheat, maize and sorghum have been greatly mechanized. ⅲ) The least mechanized cropping systems are (a) vegetable production and (b) cultivation of sugarcane, cotton, rice and pulses. ⅳ) Annual production of tractor has touched the figure of 280.000 by 1995 and the total number has crossed 1.5million on Indian farms.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.301-308
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• 2011

The diametral creep of pressure tubes (PTs) in CANDU (CANada Deuterium Uranium) reactors is one of the principal aging mechanisms governing the heat transfer and hydraulic degradation of the heat transport system (HTS). PT diametral creep leads to diametral expansion, which affects the thermal hydraulic characteristics of the coolant channels and the critical heat flux (CHF). The CHF is a major parameter determining the critical channel power (CCP), which is used in the trip setpoint calculations of regional overpower protection (ROP) systems. Therefore, it is essential to predict PT diametral creep in CANDU reactors. PT diametral creep is caused mainly by fast neutron irradiation, temperature and applied stress. The objective of this study was to develop a bundle position-wise linear model (BPLM) to predict PT diametral creep employing previously measured PT diameters and HTS operating conditions. The linear model was optimized using a genetic algorithm and was devised based on a bundle position because it is expected that each bundle position in a PT channel has inherent characteristics. The proposed BPLM for predicting PT diametral creep was confirmed using the operating data of the Wolsung nuclear power plant in Korea. The linear model was able to predict PT diametral creep accurately.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.357-363
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• 2020

Oxidative stress caused by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is known as an etiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Populus tomentiglandulosa (PT), a member of the Salicaceae family, is widely grown in Korea and has been reported to exert protective effects on cerebral ischemia by attenuating of oxidative stress and neuronal damage. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effects of an ethanol extract and four fractions [n-butanol, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), chloroform, and n-hexane] of PT under in vitro and cellular systems. The extract and four fractions of PT showed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), •OH, and O2- radical scavenging activities in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, the EtOAc fraction of PT had the strongest DPPH, •OH, and O2- radical scavenging activities among the extract and other fractions. Therefore, we further investigated the neuroprotective effect of the EtOAc fraction of PT against oxidative stress in H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Treatment with H2O2 significantly decreased cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and it also increased the ROS levels compared to the normal group. However, treatment with the EtOAc fraction of PT significantly increased cell viability. Moreover, the EtOAc fraction of PT-treated group significantly suppressed ROS production and LDH release compared to the H2O2-induced control group. In conclusion, our findings indicated that PT had in vitro antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress. Therefore, PT could be used as a natural agent for protection against oxidative stress.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.205-240
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• 1992

In reality, it is a green revolution of the entire agricultural matrix in Korea that integrated pest control plays an important role in the possible breakthrough in rice self-sufficiency. In paddy agroecosystem as man-modified environment, rice is newly established every year by transplantation under diverse water regimes which affect a microclimate. Standing water benefits rice by regulating the microclimate, but it favors the multiplication of certain pets through the amelioration of the microclimate. Further, the introduction of high yielding varieties with the changing of cultural practices results in changing occurrence pattern of certain pests. In general, japonica type varieties lack genes resistant to most of the important pests and insect-borne virus diseases, whereas indica type possesses more genes conferring varietal resistance. Thus, this differences among indica type, form the background of different approaches to pest management. The changes in rice cultivation such as double cropping, growing high-yielding varieties requiring heavy fertilization, earlier transplanting, intensvie-spacing transplanting, and intensive pesticide use as a consequence of the adoption of improves rice production technology, have intensified the pest problems rather than reduced them. The cultivation of resistant varieties are highly effective to the pest, their long term stability is threathened because of the development of new biotypes which can detroy these varieties. So far, three biotypes of N. lugens are reported in Korea. Since each resistant variety is expected to maintain several years the sequential release of another new variety with a different gene at intervals is practised as a gene rotation program. Another approach, breeding multilines that have more than two genes for resistance in a variety are successfully demonstrated. The average annual rice losses during the last 15 years of 1977-’91 are 9.3% due to insect pests without chemical control undertaken, wehreas there is a average 2.4% despite farmers’insecticide application at the same period. In other words, the average annual losses are prvented by 6.9% when chemical control is properly employed. However, the continuous use of a same group of insecticides is followed by the development of pest resistance. Resistant development of C. suppressalis, L. striatellus and N. cincticeps is observed to organophosphorous insecticides by the mid-1960s, and to carbamates by the early 1970s in various parts of the country. Thus, it is apparent that a scheduled chemical control for rice production systems becomes uneconomical and that a reduction in energy input without impairing the rice yield, is necessarily improved through the implementation of integrated pest management systems. Nationwide pest forecasting system conducted by the government organization is a unique network of investigation for purpose of making pest control timely in terms of economic thresholds. A wise plant protection is expected to establish pest management systems in appropriate integration of resistant varieties, biological agents, cultural practices and other measures in harmony with minimizing use of chemical applications as a last weapon relying on economic thresholds.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.568-574
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• 2020

최근, 신재생에너지원의 출력 안정화, 수요관리 및 주파수 조정 등 다양한 기능을 가지고 있는 전기저장장치(energy storage system, ESS)의 설치가 매년 증가되고 있다. 그러나, 2017년 8월에 발생한 고창 전력시험센터의 ESS 화재를 시작으로 경산 변전소, 군산 태양광발전소 등 현재까지 총 29건의 화재사고가 발생하여 많은 재산피해가 보고되고 있다. 이러한 전기저장장치의 화재사고는 전기저장장치의 용량이나 계절과는 무관하게 발생되고 있으므로, ESS의 화재원인을 정확하게 파악하고 안전성을 확보하기 위하여 ESS의 사고특성에 대한 분석이 요구되어지고 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 ESS의 사고특성을 분석하고 안전성을 확보하기 위하여, 전력계통 상용해석 소프트웨어인 PSCAD/EMTDC를 이용하여 ESS의 모델링을 수행한다. 다양한 시나리오를 기반으로 ESS의 단락사고특성을 확인한 결과, 높은 사고전류로 인하여 보호기기인 퓨즈가 동작하고, 매우 큰 CMV(common mode voltage)가 발생하여 ESS의 절연이 파괴될 가능성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위하여, ESS의 배터리측과 PCS측에 각각 SPD를 설치한 경우, DC측 전로에서 발생하는 CMV가 3[kV] 이내로 크게 감소되어 ESS의 절연파괴를 방지할 수 있음을 확인하였다.