• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.231-238
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• 1983

Glycine, alanine과 aniline 유도체(誘導體)로부터 각각 새로운 N-benzoylglycylanilide 및 N-benzoylalanilide 유도체(誘導體)를 합성(合成)하였다. 이 화합물(化合物)들을 원소분석(元素分析), IR, UV, 그리고 NMR 등(等)의 기기분석(機器分析)에 의(依)하여 N-benzoylglycylanilide, N-benzoyl-glycyl-o-toluidide, N-benzoylglycyl-m-toluidide, N-benzoylglycyl-p-toluidide, N-benzoyl-L-alanylanilide, N-benzoyl-L-alanyl-p-toluidide, N-benzoyl-L-alanyl-m-toluidide, N-benzoyl-L-alanyl-p-toluidide로 각각 동정(同定)되었다. 그리고 합성화합물(合成化合物)들의 벼, 무, 녹두작물(作物)과 잔디종자(種子)에 대한 발아(發芽) 및 생육억제(生育抑制) 효과(效果)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. N-benzoyl-L-alanyl-m-toluididie는 무에 대해서 강(强)한 억제효과가 나타남을 볼 수 있었으며, 특히 N-benzoyl-L-alanylanilide는 다른 화합물(化合物)보다 잔디의 생육(生育)을 강(强)하게 억제(抑制)하는 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 대체로 glycine 유도체(誘導體)보다 alanine 유도체(誘導體)가 활성효과(活性效果)가 컸으며, 합성화합물(合成化合物)의 methyl group의 위치(位置)에 따라서 (ortho, meta 그리고 para) 식물종자(種子)의 생육(生育)에 미치는 영향(影響)이 다르게 나타났다. 즉, N-benzoylglycyl-m-toluidide 는 N-benzoylglycyl-o-toluidide와 N-benzolyl-glycyl-p-toluidide보다 식물종자(植物種子) 생육저해활성(生育저沮害活性)이 컸으며, 또한 N-benzoylglycyl-o-toluidide도 역시 N-benzoyl-glycyl-p-toluidide와 N-benzoyl-L-alanyl-m-toluidide보다 크게 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1577-1584
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• 2010

In total, 140 halotolerant bacterial strains were isolated from both the soil of barren fields and the rhizosphere of six naturally growing halophytic plants in the vicinity of the Yellow Sea, near the city of Incheon in the Republic of Korea. All of these strains were characterized for multiple plant growth promoting traits, such as the production of indole acetic acid (IAA), nitrogen fixation, phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) solubilization, thiosulfate ($S_2O_3$) oxidation, the production of ammonia ($NH_3$), and the production of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes such as protease, chitinase, pectinase, cellulase, and lipase under in vitro conditions. From the original 140 strains tested, on the basis of the latter tests for plant growth promotional activity, 36 were selected for further examination. These 36 halotolerant bacterial strains were then tested for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity. Twenty-five of these were found to be positive, and to be exhibiting significantly varying levels of activity. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses of the 36 halotolerant strains showed that they belong to 10 different bacterial genera: Bacillus, Brevibacterium, Planococcus, Zhihengliuella, Halomonas, Exiguobacterium, Oceanimonas, Corynebacterium, Arthrobacter, and Micrococcus. Inoculation of the 14 halotolerant bacterial strains to ameliorate salt stress (150 mM NaCl) in canola plants produced an increase in root length of between 5.2% and 47.8%, and dry weight of between 16.2% and 43%, in comparison with the uninoculated positive controls. In particular, three of the bacteria, Brevibacterium epidermidis RS15, Micrococcus yunnanensis RS222, and Bacillus aryabhattai RS341, all showed more than 40% increase in root elongation and dry weight when compared with uninoculated salt-stressed canola seedlings. These results indicate that certain halotolerant bacteria, isolated from coastal soils, have a real potential to enhance plant growth under saline stress, through the reduction of ethylene production via ACC deaminase activity.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.395-401
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• 2008

Flavonoid는 거의 모든 야채와 과일에 함유된 주요한 구성 성분이며 flavonol은 flavonoid 그룹 중 하나로 우리가 식품으로 섭취하는 대표적인 성분으로는 kaempferol과 quercetin이 알려져 있다. kaempferol과 auercetin은 퇴행성질병의 예방에 효과가 있다고 알려져 있어 식품 첨가물로 사용되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 항산화제로도 알려진 kaempferol과 quercetin을 이용하여 다양한 농도에서의 소의 폐혈관내피 세포주에 대한 각각의 산화스트레스 보호효과와 두 가지 물질의 동시 처리 시에 나타날 수 있는 상승효과를 밝히기 위함이다. 1 mM의 $H_{2}O_{2}$를 처리하여 산화스트레스를 가한 세포나 가하지 아니한 세포에서나 모두 kaempferol과 quercetin의 처리로 세포의 활성도가 높았다. 그러나 특히 산화스트레스를 가한 세포에서 항산화물의 산화스트레스 극복효과가 현저하게 나타났다. 항산화물의 농도가 고농도의 경우 오히려 증가된 세포활성도가 저하되는 반응을 보여 너무 높은 농도의 처리는 오히려 항산화효과를 억제할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 일반적으로 우리가 섭취하는 식품에는 kaempferol과 quercetin이 함께 포함되어 있으므로 이 두 가지 물질을 일정 비율로 서로 섞은 다음 산화스트레스 처리와 함에 처리하여 조사한 결과 단독으로 처리한 결과와 달리 고농도 조건에서도 세포활성도가 아주 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서 항산화물은 생체에서 일어날 수 있는 많은 산화스트레스 상태를 완화시킬 수 있으나 가장 우수한 효능을 나타낼 수 있는 적정 농도의 조사가 중요하며 특히 각각의 항산화물을 단독으로 사용하는 것 보다 함께 사용하는 것이 상승효과를 나타낼 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 1972

밭 토양 특히 신 개간지 토양에서 결핍되기 쉬운 무기성분을 종합적으로 함유하는 종합 무기성분 거름을 제조하여 그 비효를 조사하기 위하여 우리나라 주로 모임별 토양을 공시하여 시험한 결과 1. 자실수량은 산성모암인 화강암을 모재로한 토양에서 그도의 종수 효과를 보였으나 염기성 모암인 현무암 및 혈암을 모재로한 토양에서는 그 시용효과가 없었다. 2. 화강암을 모재로한 토양에서는 C.M.F시용량에 비례하여 자실수량이 증가하였으나 현무암 및 혈암토양에서는 C.M.F. 1수준(118.5kg/10a)에서는 약간 증수하는 경향이었으나 2수준(237.0kg/10a)에서는 오히려 감수하는 경향이였다. 3. C.M.F 시용에 따른 식물체중 양분함량변화는 점소는 염기성모암을 모재로한 토야에서는 별 차이가 없으나 산성모암을 모재로한 토양에서는 감소하는 경향이었으며 칼슘함량은 이와 반대의 경향을 보였으며 인산, 마그네슘 및 붕소는 각 토양에서 공히 증가하였고 가리는 화강암을 모재로한 숙전토양에서는 약간 감소하였으며 그외 토양에서는 모두 증가하였다. 또한 이들 양분의 식물체중 흡수량은 C.M.F. 시용으로 각 성분 공히 증가하는 경향이었으며 자실수량과의 관계는 1~5%의 정의 상관관계를 보였다. 4. C.M.F시용에 따른 작물 수확후 토양중 잔류양분함량 변화를 보면 질소 및 치환성 망강 함량은 감소하였으나 pH, C.E.C., $Av-P_2O_5$, Ex-CaO, Ex-MgO 및 수용성 붕소 함량은 현저히 증가하였다. 또한 토양중 잔류된 무기양분 함량과 자실수량과의 관계를 보면 Ex-CaO. 및 Ex-MgO 함량과는 1%수준의 정상관관계를 치환성 망강량과는 1%수준의 부상관관계를 보였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2001

BTX를 배출하는 지역에서 얻어진 슬러지를 적절한 배지에 3개월 간 적응시킨 결과, benzene과 toluene을 빠르게 분해하는 MY컨소시엄와 p-, m-, o-xylene을 빠르게 분해하는 MA컨소시엄을 획득하였다. 균주의 동정결과 MA 및 MA컨소시엄의 주된 균주는 Rhodococcus ruber DSM 43338T과 Rhodococcus sp.로 밝혀졌다. BTX 단일성분의 분해속도 측정결과 benzene > toluene > o-xylene > p-xylene > m-xylene의 순으로 분해가 일어났다. MY 및 MY컨소시엄으 동시배양을 이용한 2-5종의 복합 BTX의 분해실험결과 대부분의 경우 108시간내에 완전히 분해되었으며, 각 혼합물의 조성에 따라 촉진 및 방해작용을 나타내었다. 분 연구에서 획득한 2종의 미생물컨소시엄은 BTX의 생물학적 처리에 매우 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.1472-1479
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• 2024

Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (CPESs) integrate cyber and hardware components to ensure a reliable and safe physical power production and supply. Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) add uncertainty to energy demand that can be dealt with flexible operation (e.g., load-following) of CPES; at the same time, scenarios that could result in severe consequences due to both component stochastic failures and aging of the cyber system of CPES (commonly overlooked) must be accounted for Operation & Maintenance (O&M) planning. In this paper, we make use of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to search for the optimal O&M strategy that, not only considers the actual system hardware components health conditions and their Remaining Useful Life (RUL), but also the possible accident scenarios caused by the failures and the aging of the hardware and the cyber components, respectively. The novelty of the work lies in embedding the cyber aging model into the CPES model of production planning and failure process; this model is used to help the RL agent, trained with Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) and Imitation Learning (IL), finding the proper rejuvenation timing for the cyber system accounting for the uncertainty of the cyber system aging process. An application is provided, with regards to the Advanced Lead-cooled Fast Reactor European Demonstrator (ALFRED).

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.195-198
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the potential use of Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Zanthoxylum piperitum A.P. DC. as a source of antimicrobial agents against food borne pathogens. Essential oils of Z. schinifolium and Z. piperitum A.P. DC. were collected by steam distillation and analyzed by GC-MS. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was examined using the agar diffusion and micro-dilution assays. The effectiveness of Z. schinifolium essential oil was greater against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus than other pathogens, and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were 1.25, 2.5, and 1.25, 2.5, and $1.25\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Z. piperitum A.P. DC. essential oil was the most effective against all pathogens tested except for Escherichia coli O157:H7, and the MIC values against B. cereus, Salmonella choleraesuis, and V. parahaemolyticus were 1.25, 2.5, and $1.25\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Limonene, the major component of Z. piperitum A.P. DC. essential oils, had the highest inhibitory activity toward V. parahaemolyticus with a MIC value of $0.15\;{\mu}g/mL$. Meanwhile, citronellal and geranyl acetate, major components of both essential oils, displayed antibacterial activity against only B. cereus with MIC values of 1.25 and $5\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Therefore, these essential oils could be useful as antimicrobial agents against foodborne pathogens.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.174-182
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• 2018

Background: In this study, we observed their growth and physiological responses using a variety of duty ratio under the mixed light using red, blue, and white lights. The red+blue mixed light was treated with 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, and 75% duty ratios and red+blue+white mixed light with 85% and 70% duty ratios. We examined the width and length of leaves, total number of leaves, and number of shoots to examine their growth responses. The physiological responses were studied by measuring their photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, chlorophyll content, and fluorescence ($F_o$, $F_m$, and $F_v/F_m$). Results: We found that lower duty ratio caused the length and width of the leaves to grow longer under red+blue mixed light but that it did not cause any difference in the red+blue+white mixed light condition. In addition, there was no difference in the number of leaves and shoots among all treatments. In the red+blue mixed light condition, the photosynthetic rate was no difference, but both transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were the highest at 95% duty ratio than in other ratios. Water use efficiency pattern was similar to that of photosynthetic rate; water use efficiency was no difference. Chlorophyll content was the highest at 95% duty ratios, and it was the least at 90%, 85%, and 75% duty ratio. $F_o$ and $F_m$ values were relatively high at 85% and 80% duty ratio and low at 90% duty ratio while $F_v/F_m$ showed no difference. Conclusions: Under the red+blue+white mixed light, all physiological items showed no difference between 70 and 85% treatments. But, photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, chlorophyll content, and $F_v/F_m$ were relatively greater in the red+blue+white mixed light than in the red+blue mixed light. Therefore, red+blue+white mixed light treated with 70% duty ratio could lessen the environmental stress and save more power when cultivating Silene capitata in a plant factory.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Oxidative stress plays a key role in neuronal cell damage, which is associated with neurodegenerative disease. The aim of present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of perilla oil (PO) and its active component, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), against hydrogen peroxide $(H_2O_2)$-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: The SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells exposed to $250{\mu}M$ $H_2O_2$ for 24 h were treated with different concentrations of PO (25, 125, 250 and $500{\mu}g/mL$) and its major fatty acid, ALA (1, 2.5, 5 and $25{\mu}g/mL$). We examined the effects of PO and ALA on $H_2O_2$-induced cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and nuclear condensation. Moreover, we determined whether PO and ALA regulated the apoptosis-related protein expressions, such as cleaved-poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), cleaved caspase-9 and -3, BCL-2 and BAX. RESULTS: Treatment of $H_2O_2$ resulted in decreased cell viability, increased LDH release, and increase in the nuclei condensation as indicated by Hoechst 33342 staining. However, PO and ALA treatment significantly attenuated the neuronal cell death, indicating that PO and ALA potently blocked the $H_2O_2$-induced neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, cleaved-PARP, cleaved caspase-9 and -3 activations were significantly decreased in the presence of PO and ALA, and the $H_2O_2$-induced up-regulated BAX/BCL-2 ratio was blocked after treatment with PO and ALA. CONCLUSIONS: PO and its main fatty acid, ALA, exerted the protective activity from neuronal oxidative stress induced by $H_2O_2$. They regulated apoptotic pathway in neuronal cell death by alleviation of BAX/BCL-2 ratio, and down-regulation of cleaved-PARP and cleaved caspase-9 and -3. Although further studies are required to verify the protective mechanisms of PO and ALA from neuronal damage, PO and ALA are the promising agent against oxidative stress-induced apoptotic neuronal cell death.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.357-360
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• 2004

능소화를 80% MeOH 용액으로 추출하고, 추출물을 EtOAc, n-BuOH 및 물로 분배, 추출하였다. 이 중 EtOAc 분획을 silica gel 및 octadecylsilica gel(ODS) column chromatography로 정제하여 4종의 화합물을 분리하였다. 각 화합물의 화학구조는 NMR, MS 및 IR 등의 스펙트럼 데이터를 해석하여, linoleic acid의 methyl ester, linolenic acid의 methyl ester, ${\beta}-sitosterol$ 및 daucosterol로 동정하였다. Daucosterol은 $14{\pm}0.04\;{\mu}M$의 $IC_{50}$ 값으로 FPTase의 활성을 저해하였다.