• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.345-352
• /
• 1998

A Korean endemic and evergreen small tree ' Dendropanax morbifera $L_{EV}$.(Araliaceae)' is a component of evergreen forest and mainly idstributein sourthern region and islands in Korea. A local population of D. morbifera which is located between evergreen and deciduous forest within 50m x 50m quadrate was investigated to ascertain the change of population structure, emergence and growth dynamics of seedlings and saplings, and pattern of spatial distribution by the temproal and spatial expansion of population . The result of analysis of population structure by Importnace Value(IV), evergreen forest showed a high species diversity of evergreen tree species such as Cinnamomum japonicum, Machilus japonica, Neolitsea serica, Daphniphyllum macropodum, Ligustrum japonicum, and etc, in middle and under story than in upper story where Camelia japonica and Quercus acuta were dominant. And in conterminous deciduous fores, the major component of evergreen forest in this region, Camellia japonica, Quercus acuta, evergreen tree of Lauraceae and etc. were abundant in only under story. IV of D. morbifera differed from among three story. In comparative analysis of emergence and growth dynamics of D. morbifera seedlings and saplings between evergreen and deciduous forest, emergece and density of seedlings were significantly greater in evergreen than in deciduous forest, and growth of height and basal diameter of seedlings and saplings were slightly larger in evergreen than in deciduous forest. The spatial distribution patterns by Moristia's index mapping of indivuduals using a lattice method of XY axis within this population showed that seedlings(age up to 2 years) and saplings (age>2 years and height<1m) both evergreen and deciduous forest were more or less aggregated apart from mature trees, and thougth intermediate trees(height>1m and dbh<10cm) had a aggregated distribution pattern, mature trees(dbh>10cm were uniform. In conclusion , the expansion of D. morbfera population from evergreen to deciduous forest accompanied with a mumber of evergreen woody species, and also, emergence and recruitment, and growth of seedlings were greatly influenced moisture and canopy by around community structure.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.32-41
• /
• 1991

A survey of subalpine zone (altitude is 1,360-1,410m) in Mt. Chiri, was conducted using 25 sample plots of 500$m^2$ size. The classification by TWINSPAN and DCA ordination were applied to the study area in order to classify them into several groups based on woody plants and environmental variables. By TWINSPAN techniques, the plant community were divided into five groups by importance value of Abies nephrolepis. The dividing groups are Fraxinus rhynchophylla - Magnolia sieboldii community, Quercus mongolica - Rhododendron schlippenbachii community, Q. mongolica - F. rhynchophylla - Acer pseudo-sieboldianum community, Q. mongolica- A. nephrolepis- Rh. schlippenbachii community, and A. nephrolepis- Pinus densiflora - Rh. schlippenbachii community. The successional trends of tree species by both techniques seem to be from Q. mongolica to A. nephrolepis in the canopy layer. It was no difference between the stand scores of DCA and environmental variables.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.54-63
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the flora and vegetation structure at a 15-year-old artificial wetland for the water purification in Jincheon, Korea. The percentage of species number of obligate wetland plants and facultative wetland plants totaled 40%, whereas that of obligate upland plants and facultative upland plants was 57%. This result showed that the artificial wetland in the study experienced terrestrialization. The number of annual and biennial plants that are pioneer vegetation in a successional stage was lower than that of perennial herbs as a result of the long-term stabilization of vegetation. From the results of DCA (detrended correspondence analysis), water depth played an important role on the classification of vegetation structure in an old artificial wetland. Species diversity was higher in the terrestrialized plant communities such as Iris pseudacorus and Aster koraiensis than in any other wetland communities. Plant communities could be classified according to the wetland indices; obligate upland for A. koraiensis community, facultative wetlands for Carex dispalata var. dispalata and I. pseudacorus community, and obligate wetlands for Nymphoides peltata, Nymphaea tetragona, Phragmites communis, Potamogeton maackianus, and Typha angustifolia community. In conclusion, this result suggests that wetland vegetation should be maintained against terrestrialization through the proper management of sedimentation and hydrological regime in an artificial wetland.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.237-249
• /
• 2023

This study was carried to establish a new landscape-oriented gardening model based on climate, vegetation, and forest landscape characteristics. In addition, innovative forest garden models were suggested through an integrated approach to the ecological characteristics of forest vegetation communities and existing garden planting types. For the study, the key landscape elements that make up the main forest vegetation community were identified. And the vertical layers and horizontal distribution patterns of the community structure were typified by diagnostic species and their growth forms & habits such as dominant species, character species, and differential species, and degree of dominance-sociability. Based on this, a standardized vegetation structure and formation was developed by stratifying the landscape into main features, minor features, and detailed features according to visual dominant elements. Also, the applicability of the forest garden model was examined by applying the concept of borrowing landscape to representative deciduous broadleaf forests in the temperate northern region of Korea. Additionally, an integrated forest garden models based on the conceptual definition and typology of forest gardens, and a strategic approach to forest vegetation were proposed

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.767-786
• /
• 2011

This study analyzed and compared characteristic of vegetation structure in Bonghwa mountain, the base Mt. outside urban area, and Hakseoung neighborhood park, Ilsan neighborhood park and Musil neighborhood park, disconnected residual Mt. inside urban area of Wonju. Regarding vegetation of urban forest in Wonju, Quercus mongolica forest and Robinia pseudo-acacia forest were widely distributed in the base Mt. outside urban area. Quercus acutissima forest and Robinia pseudo-acacia forest were widely distributed in the disconnected residual Mt. inside urban area. Forests in both areas were managed as part of forest management campaign. Analysis on importance value of a community classified by DCA and DBH class categorized communities into three groups according to the expected ecological succession. Community B was the one to be maintained as Pinus densiflora community. Community A, D and d were expected to be maintained as Quercus spp. Community. Community C, E, F, e, f and g were classified as exotic plant community. Ecological succession was suspended in both base Mt. outside urban area and disconnected residual Mt. inside urban area. However, importance value of Quercus spp. which appeared in the understory layer and shrub layer and their DBH class showed that the potential for ecological succession of exotic plant community was higher in base Mt. outside urban area than disconnected residual Mt. inside urban area. According to the analysis on number of species and individuals and species diversity, understory and shrub layer were reduced due to Forest Management campaign and plant species which appear at an earlier stage of succession varied as time went by since the campaign began. Species diversity comparison between natural and artificial forest showed no clear difference in both base Mt. outside urban area and disconnected residual Mt. inside urban area due to man-made disruption such as thinning and brush cutting. Six communities in base Mt. outside urban area had 17.76~52.22% of similarity index. Four communities in disconnected residual Mt. inside urban area showed 13.34~37.01% of similarity index, which was lower than base Mt. outside urban area. Among naturalized plants, Tupatorium rugosum and Phytolacca americana appeared more in disconnected residual Mt. inside urban area.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.514-520
• /
• 2008

The permanent monitoring plots were installed in 2001 for long-term monitoring the structure of forest communities at the Piagol(Valley) and Daeseonggol(Valley) in the Jirisan National Park, and monitored the forest structure in the studied sites in 2001 and 2006. Dominant species at Piagol and Daeseonggol was Carpinuslaxiflora and Quercus mongolica respectively. Based on the distribution of major species' stem diameter, the species diversity index was higher in Piagol than that of Daeseonggol. The distribution of diameter in major tree species in the studied sites showed a stable plant community structure. The forest of Piagol, which is positioned in the valley, showed a quite a different composition of species from that of Daeseonggol, which is positioned on the slope. In the last five years, the overall grows rate of Piagol Forest decreased by $6.4m^2$ per hectare, while Daeseonggol Forest increased by about $8.27m^2$ per hectare. I think that this is because of the fact that a lot of large old trees have died.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the range of distribution and vegetation structure of habitats of genus Cymbidium which is distributed in Jeju Island, Korea. This genus is distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia and North Australia. In Korea, there are six species [i. e. C. goeringii (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f., C. kanran Makino, C. lancifolium Blume var. aspdistrifolium (Fukuy.) S. S. Ying., C. macrorhizum Lindl., C. nagifolium Masam. and C. ensifolium L.], which were also distributed in Jeju Island. The habitats of this genus ranged between 16 meter and 574 meter above sea level in Jeju Island. C. macrorhizum had the broadest altitudinal range (16-574 meter above sea level), whereas C. ensifolium, C. nagifolium and C. lancifolium var. aspidistrifolium had the narrow altitudinal range. According to the classification analysis by TWINSPAN, the plant communities were divided into five groups of Castanopsis sieboldii community, Castanopsis sieboldii-Pinus thunbergii community, Pinus thunbergii-Quercus acutissima community, Pinus thunbergii community and Quercus glauca- Aphananthe aspera community. Three species, C. kanran, C. nagifolium, and C. ensifolium inhabited Castanopsis sieboldii community and C. lancifolium var. aspdistrifolium inhabited Castanopsis sieboldii-Pinus thunbergii community. C. macrorhizum inhabited Pinus thunbergii community, Pinus thunbergii-Quercus acutissima community and Quercus glauca-Aphananthe aspera community. C. goeringii inhabitated Castanopsis sieboldii-Pinus thunbergii community and Pinus thunbergii-Quercus acutissima community. The populations of the genus Cymbidium have been extremely decreased due to illegal collection in Jeju Island. Especially, the distribution range of C. kanran, C. nagifolium, and C. ensifolium was narrow and limited to evergreen broad-leaved forests, therefore, conservation plans are needed for the protection of these species.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.49-60
• /
• 1999

월출산 국립공원 및 공원보호구역의 현존식생과 식물군집구조를 파악하기 위하여 1997년 7월에 27개의 조사구를 설치하여 조사하였다. 조사대상지의 식생은 난대기후대의 수종과 온대기후대의 수종이 함께 출현하는 추이대 특성을 나타내고, 주로 졸참나무군락, 소나무군락, 낙엽참나무군락이 많이 분포하고 있었다. 총 27개 조사구에 대한 TWINSPAN의 분석결과 낙엽활엽수군집, 굴참나무-졸참나무군집, 신갈나무군집, 신갈나무-낙엽활엽수군집, 굴참나무군집, 소나무-붉가시나무군집, 소나무군집, 조록싸리-조릿대군집으로 8개 군집으로 대별되었다. 월출산국립공원의 식생은 수종간 경쟁이 활발한 천이도중상의 식생구조를 나타내고 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.467-474
• /
• 2012

This study was carried out to evaluate effect of temperature condition on nitrogen mineralization of organic matter, distribution of microbial group by PLFA profiles, and soil microbial community structure in volcanic ash soil. Dried soil 30 g mixed well each 2 g of pellet (OFPE) organic fertilizers, pig manure compost (PMC), and food waste compost (FWC). And then had incubated at $10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. Nitrogen mineralization rate increased with increasing temperature and that was in the order of FWC>OFPE>PMC. Distribution ratio of microbial group by PLFA profiles were different significantly caused by incubation temperature and the type of organic matter. As incubating time passed, density of microbial group decreased gradually. The Gram-bacteria PLFA/Gram+ bacteria PLFA, Fungi PLFA/Bacteria PLFA, and Unsaturated PLFA/saturated PLFA ratios were decreased according to the increasing temperature gradually. But cy19:0/$18:1{\omega}7c$ ratio increased both FWC and PMC treatment. Principal component analysis using PLFA profiles showed that microbial community structure made up clearly at both 75 days ($10^{\circ}C$) and 270 days ($30^{\circ}C$) by temperature factor. As incubating time passed, microbial community structure shifted gradually.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.576-587
• /
• 2012

As being actual physiognomical vegetation on Daegwang sand dune in Imjado, the widest area is occupied by Pinus thunbergii community planted as windbreak forest whereas those communities such as Robinia pseudoacacia community, Elymus mollis community, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii - Elymus mollis community, Carex kobomugi community, Ischaemum antephoroides community, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii community, Phragmites communis community, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii - Calamagrostis epigeios community occupy as band shape or patch. According to the result of the data collected and analyzed based on phytosociological method regarding 74 plots of survey area, the species composition of Daegwang sand dune vegetation is classified total 10 vegetation units comprises 7 communities and 5 groups. The 7 communities are classified into Pinus thunbergii community, Robinia pseudoacacia community, Rosa rugosa var. rugosa community, Ischaemum antephoroides community, Carex kobomugi community, Calamagrostis epigeios community, and the sub-units of Pinus thunbergii communities are classified into 3 groups of Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum group, Elymus mollis group, Pinus thunbergii topical group and the sub-units of Calamagrostis epigeios communities are classified into 2 groups of Phragmites communis group, Calamagrostis epigeios tipical group. The zonation of vegetation from coastal line indicated with the order of Elymus mollis - Carex kobomugi, Carex pumila, Lathyrus japonicus - Calystegia soldanella - Vitex rotundifolia, Lathyrus japonicus, Ischaemum antephoroides - Rosa rugosa var. rugosa. According to the analysis result of longitudinal section, it was found to be those types with wide width herbaceous vegetation of foredune, smooth slope of foredune, lots of dune ridges with no structure were less vulnerable to erosion of sand dune and advantageous to its recovery.