• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2023

We previously reported that dried Lysimachia christinae whole plant extract exerted significant neuroprotective activity. In this study, we tried to isolate neuroprotective compounds of L. christinae. We evaluated the neuroprotective activity of the four fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions) of methanol extract. Among them, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions showed most potent neuroprotective activity against glutamate excitotoxicity. Nine compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of L. christinae extract and identified as cynaroside (1), (3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl-3-hydroxy-2-octyldopentaconta-23,33-dienoate (2), androst-16-ene-3,6-diol (3), 2-hydroxy-24-propoxytetracos-4-enoic acid (4), 2-hydroxy-24-methoxytetracos-4-enoic acid (5), 12-(stearoyloxy)octadec-9-enoic acid (6), β-sitosterol (7), (E)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-yl palmitate (8) and (1S,2S,3R,4R)-4-(((2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-(((2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)oxy)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)oxy)cyclohexane-1,2,3-triol (9) by spectroscopic data such as UV, IR, NMR, Mass spectroscopy. Their neuroprotective activity was evaluated by MTT assay. Cynaroside (1) and androst-16-ene-3,6-diol (3) had significant neuroprotective activity against glutamate-injured HT22 cells. The neuroprotective efficacy of cynaroside (1) and androst-16-ene-3,6-diol (3) was related to their anti-oxidative activity.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.707-714
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• 2022

Hydrogen production using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC) is a promising technology because of its efficiency, cleanness, and scalability. Especially, high-power SOEC system has received a lot of attention from researchers. This study compared and analyzed the low-power and high-power SOEC system in term of economic. By using revenue requirement method, levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) was calculated for comparison. In addition, the sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the dependence of hydrogen cost on input variables. The results indicated that high-power SOEC system is superior to a low-power SOEC system. In the capital cost, the stack cost is dominant in both systems, but the electricity cost is the most contributed factor to the hydrogen cost. If the high-power SOEC system combines with a nuclear power plant, the hydrogen cost can reach 3.65 $/kg when the electricity cost is 3.28 ¢/kWh and the stack cost is assumed to be 574 $/kW.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.1130-1142
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• 2023

Objective: Cow urine possesses several bioactive properties but the responsible components behind these bioactivities are still far from identified. In our study, we tried to identify the possible components behind the antimicrobial activity of cow urine by exploring the peptidome and metabolome. Methods: We extracted peptides from the urine of Sahiwal cows belonging to three different physiological states viz heifer, lactation, and pregnant, each group consisting of 10 different animals. The peptides were extracted using the solid phase extraction technique followed by further extraction using ethyl acetate. The antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract was evaluated against different pathogenic strains like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus agalactiae. The safety of urinary aqueous extract was evaluated by hemolysis and cytotoxicity assay on the BuMEC cell line. The urinary peptides were further fractionated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to identify the fraction(s) containing the antimicrobial activity. The HPLC fractions and ethyl acetate extract were analyzed using nLC-MS/MS for the identification of the peptides and metabolites. Results: A total of three fractions were identified with antimicrobial activity, and nLC-MS/MS analysis of fractions resulted in the identification of 511 sequences. While 46 compounds were identified in the metabolite profiling of organic extract. The urinary aqueous extract showed significant activity against E. coli as compared to S. aureus and S. agalactiae and was relatively safe against mammalian cells. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity of cow urine is a consequence of the feeding habit. The metabolites of plant origin with several bioactivities are eliminated through urine and are responsible for their antimicrobial nature. Secondly, the plethora of peptides generated from the activity of endogenous proteases on protein shed from different parts of tissues also find their way to urine. Some of these sequences possess antimicrobial activity due to their amino acid composition.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.221-221
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• 2022

Chromosome breakage occurred by DNA methylation inhibitor. Zebularine is known as DNA methylation inhibitor and suitable for water solubility among different DNA methylation inhibitors as 5-Azacytidine and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. We used zebularine as mutagen according to different methods by roots absorption and seed imbibition. After zebularine treatment, DNA methylation inhibitor, we observed mitotic chromosome behavior what is different according to two different treatment methods. First, seed imbibition treatment in 1,000 μM of zebularine solution for 72 hours in dark conditions. The second treatment to seedlings of Keumkang was also treated in 1,000 μM of zebularine solution for 72 hours after germination. Root and shoot showed different elongations in each treatment. Root absorption treatment(3.01±0.48, 2.00±0.26) showed the shortest elongation in root and shoot than control(8.16±0.61, 4.03±0.48) and seed imbibition treatment(4.33±0.80, 2.48±0.36). It can be explained root tip meristematic cell activity was damaged by DNA methylation inhibitor. Primary root tips were collected in DW for 24 hours at low temperature(0℃) and fixed in fixation solution for 3 days to chromosome observation in mitosis. Mitotic index, chromosome structure and chromosome aberration were observed by phase-contrast microscope. Mitotic index of the control(0.29) showed twice mitotic cells as the treated groups(imbibition 0.15, absorption 0.14). Observation of chromosomes showed some short chromosomes and loosen chromosomes affected by zebularine. It is considered because of zebularine damage DNA in mitosis. We observed "gap by chromosome breakage" in chromosomes that have loose parts between centromere and telomere. It seems demethylation of zebularine occurs chromosome breakage.

• BMB Reports
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• 제56권10호
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• pp.545-550
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• 2023

Osteoporosis is a major public health concern, which requires novel therapeutic strategies to prevent or mitigate bone loss. Natural compounds have attracted attention as potential therapeutic agents due to their safety and efficacy. In this study, we investigated the regulatory activities of boeravinone B (BOB), a natural rotenoid isolated from the medicinal plant Boerhavia diffusa, on the differentiation of osteoclasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the two main cell components responsible for bone remodeling. We found that BOB inhibited osteoclast differentiation and function, as determined by TRAP staining and pit formation assay, with no significant cytotoxicity. Furthermore, our results showing that BOB ameliorates ovariectomy-induced bone loss demonstrated that BOB is also effective in vivo. BOB exerted its inhibitory effects on osteoclastogenesis by downregulating the RANKL/RANK signaling pathways, including NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt, resulting in the suppression of osteoclast-specific gene expression. Further experiments revealed that, at least phenomenologically, BOB promotes osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow-derived MSCs but inhibits their differentiation into adipocytes. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that BOB inhibits osteoclastogenesis and promotes osteoblastogenesis in vitro by regulating various signaling pathways. These findings suggest that BOB has potential value as a novel therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.449-454
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• 2023

Free-living amoebae (FLA) rarely cause human infections but can invoke fatal infections in the central nervous system (CNS). No consensus treatment has been established for FLA infections of the CNS, emphasizing the urgent need to discover or develop safe and effective drugs. Flavonoids, natural compounds from plants and plant-derived products, are known to have antiprotozoan activities against several pathogenic protozoa parasites. The anti-FLA activity of flavonoids has also been proposed, while their antiamoebic activity for FLA needs to be emperically determined. We herein evaluated the antiamoebic activities of 18 flavonoids against Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba species which included A. castellanii and A. polyphaga. These flavonoids showed different profiles of antiamoebic activity against N. fowleri and Acanthamoeba species. Demethoxycurcumin, kaempferol, resveratrol, and silybin (A+B) showed in vitro antiamoebic activity against both N. fowleri and Acanthamoeba species. Apigenin, costunolide, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, rosmarinic acid, and (-)-trans-caryophyllene showed selective antiamoebic activity for Acanthamoeba species. Luteolin was more effective for N. fowleri. However, afzelin, berberine, (±)-catechin, chelerythrine, genistein, (+)-pinostrobin, and quercetin did not exhibit antiamoebic activity against the amoeba species. They neither showed selective antiamoebic activity with significant cytotoxicity to C6 glial cells. Our results provide a basis for the anti-FLA activity of flavonoids, which can be applied to develope alternative or supplemental therapeutic agents for FLA infections of the CNS.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2024

Objectives : Lysimachia mauritiana Lam. is known as a medicinal plant native to Korea that has antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. However, until now, research on the cultivation technology of L. mauritiana is insufficient, and there are no research data on the systematic cultivation method and mass production of L. mauritiana. Therefore, this study aims to establish a cultivation system of L. mauritiana. Methods : The cultivation environment of open land and facilities according to the growth of L. mauritiana was compared and tested. In addition, the equivalence of the origin collection extract and the cultivation extract was evaluated through Ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) patterns analysis according to cultivation and comparison of the effect of inhibiting respiratory inflammation using BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells. Results : The cultivation technology system was established through cultivation research of L. mauritiana raw materials. In addition, as a result of comparing and evaluating the equivalence of cultivated plants and L. mauritiana raw materials for suppressing respiratory inflammation, the same results were confirmed, and the equivalence was confirmed as a result of analyzing the UHPLC pattern with L. mauritiana raw materials. Conclusions : This study suggests that extract from cultivation research of L. mauritiana plants, which are native to Korea, can be used as a health functional food or medicine to improve respiratory health.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 우산고로쇠(Acer okamotoaum) methanol (MeOH) 추출물과 n-BuOH, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methylene chloride 및 n-hexane의 4종 분획물을 이용하여 free radical 소거능과 총 페놀, 플라보노이드 함량을 통한 항산화 효과를 측정하였으며, 신경교세포인 C6 glial cell을 이용하여 amyloid $beta_{25-35}$ ($A{\beta}_{25-35}$)에 의해 유도된 산화적 스트레스에서 신경세포 보호 효과에 대해 알아보았다. 그 결과 우산고로쇠 MeOH 추출물과 4가지 유기용매 추출 분획물은 우수한 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 소거능을 나타내었으며, 특히 EtOAc 분획물은 $4.47{\mu}g/mL$의 $EC_{50}$ 값을 나타내 가장 우수한 소거능을 가지고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. Superoxide radical 소거능에서도 MeOH 추출물과 분획물은 높은 소거능을 보였으며, EtOAc 분획물은 $100{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 84.60%로 가장 높은 소거능을 나타내었다. 총 페놀과 플라보노이드 함량에서도 EtOAc 분획물은 다른 추출물과 분획물에 비해 월등히 높은 함량을 가지는 것으로 확인 되었다. 또한 $A{\beta}_{25-35}$에 의해 유발된 산화적 스트레스에서 우산고로쇠 MeOH 추출물과 4가지 유기용매 추출 분획물은 세포 생존율을 증가시켰으며, reactive oxygen species 생성을 감소 시키는 것으로 확인되었고 EtOAc 분획물이 가장 뛰어난 효과를 나타내었다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 우산고로쇠 MeOH 추출물과 4가지 유기용매 추출 분획물, 특히 EtOAc 분획물은 우수한 항산화 효과와 산화적 스트레스의 개선 효과를 가져 신경세포 보호에 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2013

침수식물인 Ceratophyllum demersum (C. demersum)의 영양염류 제거 효율과 남조류 성장 억제 능력을 평가하기 위해 총 6개의 반응조에서 9일간 회분식 실험을 실시하였다. 실험이 시작되고 약 84 hr 후 C. demersum는 pH, DO에 대한 안정적인 일주기 경향을 보였다. 영양염류인 $NH_3{^+}$, $NO_3{^-}$, $PO{_4}^{3-}$를 대상으로 저감률을 검토한 결과 실험초기부터 9일간 지속적인 감소를 보였고 특히 24 hr 이내에서 빠른 감소를 나타내었다. C. demersum의 단위면적당 생체량과 영양염류 제거율 사이에 높은 상관관계($r^2{\geq}0.96$, p<0.001)가 도출되었으며, 피복도가 높을수록 오염물 저감 효율이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 높은 밀도의 반응조에서는 C. demersum의 활성화 차이가 있었으며, 그럼에도 불구하고 수질정화 효과가 나타난 것은 침수식물에 존재하는 부착조류나 미생물의 영향이 큰 것으로 여겨진다. Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa)는 C. demersum의 생장밀도 2,500 g $fw/m^2$ (피복도 100%) 조건에서 성장률 0.31 /day를 보였으나 대조구는 0.47 /day을 나타내었다. 세포수 비교에서는 실험구보다 대조구가 약 1.7배 높게 나타나 C. demersum의 남조류 성장 억제 능력을 시사하였다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.95-105
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• 1995

무궁화(Hibiscus syriacus L.) 화분의 형성과 분화발달 과정을 광학현미경, 투과 및 주사전자현미경 등으로 연구하였다. 초기 화분낭시원체는 세포분열에 의해 표피계, 포원조직, 결합조직으로 되고, 포원조직은 융단조직고 생식세포인 화분모세포를 형성하였다. 특히 조밀한 세포질과 많은 세포내소기관을 포함하는 융단조직세포와 화분모세포에는 핵 주위에 매우 많은 소액포들이 분포하였고, 이들 세포 사이에 많은 원형질연락사가 관찰되어 이들 간의 구조 및 기능적인 밀접한 관계가 추정되었다. 화분못포가 감수분열을 수행하는 동안 이들 세포 주위에 callose가 쌓이기 시작하였고 분열이 끝나 사분체가 되면 callose는 각각의 화분립을 두껍게 포위하였다. 이때 각각의 화분립에서 화분벽 발달이 시작되는데, 세포막으로부터 probacule이 형성되기 시작하여 bacule과 tectum으로 구성된 sexine층을 일차적으로 형성하였다. Callose가 분해되면서 화분벽은 nexine 1, nexine 2, intine층의 순서로 발달하였고 nexine층은 intine층보다 두껍게 분화하였다. 화분내벽인 intine층의 발달이 끝난 후 표면구조인 발아공과 돌기가 tectum 위에 형성되었고, 발아공(ca, $2-3\;\mu\textrm{m}$)은 비교적 규칙적인 나선상 형태로 화분표면에 50여개 분포하였다. 돌기는 약 $4-9\;\mu\textrm{m}과\;15-20;\mu\textrm{m}$ 길이의 이형구조를 이루었고 기저부의 돌출구조는 관찰되지 않았다. 화분형성과정을 끝낸 성숙한 화분의 크기는 약 $170\;\mu\textrm{m}$이고 120여개의 돌기가 관찰되었다. 본 연구에서 밝혀진 화분의 크기와 모양, 화분벽의 구조와 형태, 발아공 및 돌기의 특성 등을 Hibiscus속에서 알려진 진화적 추이와 비교하여 볼 때 H. syriacus는 동속내에서 비교적 진화된 화분의 특성을 지니고 있는 것으로 추정되었다.